0501-cubeMX生成的makefile详解 (A look into the makefile generated by cubeMX)

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-25 22:06:40 发布

Arthur_Lion_CN

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-25 22:06:40 发布

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签： stm32 嵌入式硬件

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/gzyshengongshe/article/details/130639174

本文深入解析了STM32CubeMX自动生成的Makefile，介绍了其主要功能、关键指令和生成流程。从.c和.s文件开始，通过make all指令，详细分析了如何生成.elf、.bin和.hex文件，以及Makefile中涉及的编译和链接过程。此外，还探讨了Makefile中如OBJECTS、vpath等变量的作用。

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1.1 综述

makefile是干什么的？参考wiki的解释就是它是一个 build automation 工具，本质上是一个脚本，通过make指令调用了make.exe执行脚本，进而实现一条指令完成.c文件的编译和目标bin文件的创建；当然如果你不用make的话，且你足够勤奋的话，你可以直接在命令行里输入gcc xxx xx xx xxx 等一大串几百字符长的指令来实现。makefile是一个脚本文件，它描述了，1-编译的原料在哪里，就是.c和.s的文件列表，还有头文件.h列表，2-链接文件.ld在哪里，链接文件是编译器需要的参数，3-配置参数，即各种flag，这些flag也是打给编译器的参数，4-编译器在哪里，放在哪个目录下，对于arm一般就是c:/xx/x/arm-nono-eabi-gcc.exe的目录，5-make all的详细指令，就是把前面1~4点的内容合并上，1~4点都是gcc指令的参数。

note1：make是一个大佬在bell实验室里发明的，此文章针对 stm32即arm平台的，其他平台的基本是类似的。

note2：make里最关键调用的指令是编译指令‘gcc’，看来gcc一家独大

note3：makefile里面都是文本操作，本质上是代你敲命令行，省你敲键盘

1.2 前提

前提：要理解这个笔记需要有makefile基本语法知识，如果完全小白，一定先花1小时先看一下Make (software) - Wikipedia ，就掌握足够用的知识点，一些不常用的我们在下文里单独说一下。详细的学习可以在 Makefile Tutorial By Example 这里，或官网 GNU make （我估计没人看）。

关键的就是如下所示的指令，包含一个‘:’冒号。makefile的命令（他们称为rule规则）说明如何由‘原料’制作‘目标’，使用的方法是‘命令1’的指令。

<目标> : <原料>

<命令1>

<命令2>

1.3 文章涉及的文件与硬件

我使用的是stm32f407g-disc1开发板，使用cubemx, 配置如下图所示，全部使用默认配置：168Mhz时钟，project name=mayten，（因为是5月10日生成的），把toolchain设置成makefile然后就生成了。生成的makefile我也放在这里。由cubemx生成的工程是完整的，可以直接make生成bin文件。

##########################################################################################################################
# File automatically-generated by tool: [projectgenerator] version: [3.19.2] date: [Wed May 10 10:09:22 CST 2023]
##########################################################################################################################

# ------------------------------------------------
# Generic Makefile (based on gcc)
#
# ChangeLog :
#	2017-02-10 - Several enhancements + project update mode
#   2015-07-22 - first version
# ------------------------------------------------

######################################
# target
######################################
TARGET = mayten


######################################
# building variables
######################################
# debug build?
DEBUG = 1
# optimization
OPT = -Og


#######################################
# paths
#######################################
# Build path
BUILD_DIR = build

######################################
# source
######################################
# C sources
C_SOURCES =  \
Core/Src/main.c \
Core/Src/stm32f4xx_it.c \
Core/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_msp.c \
USB_HOST/App/usb_host.c \
USB_HOST/Target/usbh_conf.c \
USB_HOST/Target/usbh_platform.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_hcd.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_ll_usb.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_rcc.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_rcc_ex.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_flash.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_flash_ex.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_flash_ramfunc.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_gpio.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_dma_ex.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_dma.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_pwr.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_pwr_ex.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_cortex.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_exti.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_i2c.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_i2c_ex.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_i2s.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_i2s_ex.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_spi.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_tim.c \
Drivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Src/stm32f4xx_hal_tim_ex.c \
Core/Src/system_stm32f4xx.c \
Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Host_Library/Core/Src/usbh_core.c \
Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Host_Library/Core/Src/usbh_ctlreq.c \
Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Host_Library/Core/Src/usbh_ioreq.c \
Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Host_Library/Core/Src/usbh_pipes.c \
Middlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Host_Library/Class/CDC/Src/usbh_cdc.c  

# ASM sources
ASM_SOURCES =  \
startup_stm32f407xx.s
GCC_PATH = c:/gcc-arm-none-eabi/bin

#######################################
# binaries
#######################################
PREFIX = arm-none-eabi-
# The gcc compiler bin path can be either defined in make command via GCC_PATH variable (> make GCC_PATH=xxx)
# either it can be added to the PATH environment variable.
ifdef GCC_PATH
CC = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)gcc
AS = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)objcopy
SZ = $(GCC_PATH)/$(PREFIX)size
else
CC = $(PREFIX)gcc
AS = $(PREFIX)gcc -x assembler-with-cpp
CP = $(PREFIX)objcopy
SZ = $(PREFIX)size
endif
HEX = $(CP) -O ihex
BIN = $(CP) -O binary -S
 
#######################################
# CFLAGS
#######################################
# cpu
CPU = -mcpu=cortex-m4

# fpu
FPU = -mfpu=fpv4-sp-d16

# float-abi
FLOAT-ABI = -mfloat-abi=hard

# mcu
MCU = $(CPU) -mthumb $(FPU) $(FLOAT-ABI)

# macros for gcc
# AS defines
AS_DEFS = 

# C defines
C_DEFS =  \
-DUSE_HAL_DRIVER \
-DSTM32F407xx


# AS includes
AS_INCLUDES = 

# C includes
C_INCLUDES =  \
-IUSB_HOST/App \
-IUSB_HOST/Target \
-ICore/Inc \
-IDrivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc \
-IDrivers/STM32F4xx_HAL_Driver/Inc/Legacy \
-IMiddlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Host_Library/Core/Inc \
-IMiddlewares/ST/STM32_USB_Host_Library/Class/CDC/Inc \
-IDrivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F4xx/Include \
-IDrivers/CMSIS/Include


# compile gcc flags
ASFLAGS = $(MCU) $(AS_DEFS) $(AS_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections

CFLAGS += $(MCU) $(C_DEFS) $(C_INCLUDES) $(OPT) -Wall -fdata-sections -ffunction-sections

ifeq ($(DEBUG), 1)
CFLAGS += -g -gdwarf-2
endif


# Generate dependency information
CFLAGS += -MMD -MP -MF"$(@:%.o=%.d)"


#######################################
# LDFLAGS
#######################################
# link script
LDSCRIPT = STM32F407VGTx_FLASH.ld

# libraries
LIBS = -lc -lm -lnosys 
LIBDIR = 
LDFLAGS = $(MCU) -specs=nano.specs -T$(LDSCRIPT) $(LIBDIR) $(LIBS) -Wl,-Map=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).map,--cref -Wl,--gc-sections

# default action: build all
all: $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).hex $(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin


#######################################
# build the application
#######################################
# list of objects
OBJECTS = $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCES:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(C_SOURCES)))
# list of ASM program objects
OBJECTS += $(addprefix $(BUILD_DIR)/,$(notdir $(ASM_SOURCES:.s=.o)))
vpath %.s $(sort $(dir $(ASM_SOURCES)))

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR) 
	@$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) -Wa,-a,-ad,-alms=$(BUILD_DIR)/$(notdir $(<:.c=.lst)) $< -o $@
	@echo "gcc-ing: $@"

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.o: %.s Makefile | $(BUILD_DIR)
	@$(AS) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
	@echo "gcc-ing: $@"

$(BUILD_DIR)/$(TARGET).elf: $(OBJECTS) Makefile
	@$(CC) $(OBJECTS) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@
	@echo "making elf, $@"
	$(SZ) $@

$(BUILD_DIR)/%.hex: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(HEX) $< $@
	
$(BUILD_DIR)/%.bin: $(BUILD_DIR)/%.elf | $(BUILD_DIR)
	$(BIN) $< $@	
	
$(BUILD_DIR):
	mkdir $@		

#######################################
# clean up
#######################################
clean:
	-rm -fR $(BUILD_DIR)
  
#######################################
# depen