8、快速数组操作与Cython性能优化

快速数组操作与Cython性能优化

1. 快速数组操作

在处理数据时，我们常常需要进行数组操作。以医院信息为例，我们可以使用Python字典来实现相关操作：

hospital_dict = {
    "H1": ("City 1", "Name 1", "Address 1"),
    "H2": ("City 2", "Name 2", "Address 2"),
    "H3": ("City 3", "Name 3", "Address 3")
}
hospital_id = ["H1", "H2", "H3"]
cities = [hospital_dict[key][0] for key in hospital_id]

上述算法的时间复杂度为O(N)，其中N是 hospital_id 的大小。而Pandas提供了更简单的索引方式来实现相同的操作：

import pandas as pd

hospitals = pd.DataFrame({
    "hospital_id": ["H1", "H2", "H3"],
    "city": ["City 1", "City 2", "City 3"],
    "name": ["Name 1", "Name 2", "Name 3"],
    "address": ["Address 1", "Address 2", "Address 3"]
})
hospital_id = ["H1", "H2", "H3"]
cit