46、Python 类与面向对象编程基础

Python 类与面向对象编程基础

1. 类定义基础

在 Python 中，要创建一个类，需要编写类定义。类定义是一组用于定义类的方法和数据属性的语句。以模拟抛硬币程序为例，我们可以创建一个名为 Coin 的类。

import random

# The Coin class simulates a coin that can
# be flipped.
class Coin:

    # The __init__ method initializes the
    # sideup data attribute with 'Heads'.
    def __init__(self):
        self.sideup = 'Heads'

    # The toss method generates a random number
    # in the range of 0 through 1. If the number
    # is 0, then sideup is set to 'Heads'.
    # Otherwise, sideup is set to 'Tails'.
    def toss(self):
        if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:
            self.sideup = 'Heads'
        else:
            self.sideup = 'Tails'

    # The get_sideup method returns the value
    # referenced by