109. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree(补上周)

本文介绍了一种算法,该算法将一个已排序的单链表转换为高度平衡的二叉搜索树(BST)。通过使用快慢指针技巧找到链表的中间元素作为根节点,并递归地构建左右子树。

Given a singly linked list where elements are sorted in ascending order, convert it to a height balanced BST.

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这题需要将一个排好序的链表转成一个平衡二叉树,我们知道,对于一个二叉树来说,左子树一定小于根

节点,而右子树大于根节点。所以我们需要找到链表的中间节点,这个就是根节点,链表的左半部分就是

左子树,而右半部分则是右子树,我们继续递归处理相应的左右部分,就能够构造出对应的二叉树了。

这题的难点在于如何找到链表的中间节点,我们可以通过fast,slow指针来解决,fast每次走两步,slow每

次走一步,fast走到结尾,那么slow就是中间节点了。

代码如下:

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode *sortedListToBST(ListNode* head) {
        return build(head, NULL);
    }
    
    TreeNode* build(ListNode* start, ListNode* end) {
        if(start == end) {
            return NULL;
        }
        
        ListNode* fast = start;
        ListNode* slow = start;
        
        while(fast != end && fast->next != end) {
            slow = slow->next;
            fast = fast->next->next;
        }
        
        TreeNode* node = new TreeNode(slow->val);
        node->left = build(start, slow);
        node->right = build(slow->next, end);
        
        return node;
    }
};



【Solution】 To convert a binary search tree into a sorted circular doubly linked list, we can use the following steps: 1. Inorder traversal of the binary search tree to get the elements in sorted order. 2. Create a doubly linked list and add the elements from the inorder traversal to it. 3. Make the list circular by connecting the head and tail nodes. 4. Return the head node of the circular doubly linked list. Here's the Python code for the solution: ``` class Node: def __init__(self, val): self.val = val self.prev = None self.next = None def tree_to_doubly_list(root): if not root: return None stack = [] cur = root head = None prev = None while cur or stack: while cur: stack.append(cur) cur = cur.left cur = stack.pop() if not head: head = cur if prev: prev.right = cur cur.left = prev prev = cur cur = cur.right head.left = prev prev.right = head return head ``` To verify the accuracy of the code, we can use the following test cases: ``` # Test case 1 # Input: [4,2,5,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 4 # / \ # 2 5 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 <-> 4 <-> 5 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 5 <-> 4 <-> 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(4) root.left = Node(2) root.right = Node(5) root.left.left = Node(1) root.left.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) # Test case 2 # Input: [2,1,3] # Output: # Binary search tree: # 2 # / \ # 1 3 # Doubly linked list: 1 <-> 2 <-> 3 # Doubly linked list in reverse order: 3 <-> 2 <-> 1 root = Node(2) root.left = Node(1) root.right = Node(3) head = tree_to_doubly_list(root) print("Binary search tree:") print_tree(root) print("Doubly linked list:") print_list(head) print("Doubly linked list in reverse order:") print_list_reverse(head) ``` The output of the test cases should match the expected output as commented in the code.
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