WPF编程基础-笔记-数据绑定2

这篇笔记介绍了WPF中数据绑定的概念,详细讲解了如何使用ListBox、TextBox和Button结合ObservableCollection进行数据展示。通过设置ItemSource,实现了在ListBox中显示User对象的Name属性,并将选中项的Name和Age属性同步到文本框。同时,文章还探讨了通过SelectedIndex处理按钮事件来选择ListBox项的方法,并提到了ICollectionView接口的可能性。

本次笔记涉及:ListBox、TextBox、Button、绑定、ItemSource、ObservableCollection、ICollectionView。

实现目标:ListBox显示一组数据,数据是User对象的Name属性;同时把ListBox选中项的Name属性显示在nameTextBox,把Age属性显示在ageTextBox;最后4个按钮,能选择第一个、前一个、后一个、最后一个ListBox中的项目。

界面如下:

 实现方法:

方法一:因为是静态数据,所以直接在XAML中列出,然后采用绑定的方式。

XAML前台代码

<Window x:Class="KarliCards.Gui.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:KarliCards.Gui"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="228" Width="283">
    <Window.Resources>
        <local:Users x:Key="UserSet">
            <local:User Name="赵子龙" Age="120"/>
            <local:User Name="谢浩然" Age="10"/>
            <local:User Name="林黛玉" Age="20"/>
            <local:User Name="花木兰" Age="90"/>
            <local:User Name="诸葛亮" Age="120"/>
            <local:User Name="穆桂英" Age="90"/>
            <local:User Name="贾宝玉" Age="20"/>
            <local:User Name="李宛桐" Age="10"/>
        </local:Users>
    </Window.Resources>
    <Grid Name="grid" Height="195" DataContext="{StaticResource UserSet}">
        <TextBlock Height="23" Width="43" Text="Name: " HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"
                   Margin="6, 71, 0, 0"/>
        <TextBlock Height="23" Width="43" Text="Age: " HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
                   Margin="6, 0, 0, 72"/>
        <TextBox Height="23" Width="120" Name="nameTextBox" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                 VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="129, 68, 0, 0"
                 Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/>
        <!--Binding没有写ElementName对象,默认就是数据上下文DataContext-->
        <TextBox Height="23" Width="120" Name="ageTextBox" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                 VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="129, 100, 0, 0"
                 Text="{Binding Path=Age}"/>
        <TextBlock Height="23" Width="58" Name="textBlock3" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                   VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="6, 10, 0, 0" Text="DataSet: "/>
        <ListBox Height="52" Width="179" Name="userListBox" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                 VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="70, 10, 0, 0" 
                 ItemsSource="{Binding}"
                 IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True"
                 SelectedValuePath="Age" 
                 DisplayMemberPath="Name" />
        <Button Content="First" Height="23" Width="47" Name="firstButton"
                HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="6, 127, 0, 0"
                Click="firstButton_Click"/>
        <Button Content="Previous" Height="23" Width="47" Name="previousButton"
                HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="70, 127, 0, 0"
                Click="previousButton_Click"/>
        <Button Content="Next" Height="23" Width="47" Name="nextButton"
                HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="137, 127, 0, 0"
                Click="nextButton_Click"/>
        <Button Content="Last" Height="23" Width="47" Name="lastButton"
                HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="202, 127, 0, 0"
                Click="lastButton_Click"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>

后台CS代码,使用了ObservableCollection集合。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

namespace KarliCards.Gui
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        ICollectionView GetUserSetView()
        {
            Users users = (Users)this.FindResource("UserSet");
            return CollectionViewSource.GetDefaultView(users);
        }
        //User user = new User();
        //List<User> list = new List<User>();

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void firstButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if(userListBox.SelectedItem!=null)
            {
                userListBox.SelectedIndex = 0;
            }
        }
        private void previousButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            ICollectionView view = GetUserSetView();
            view.MoveCurrentToPrevious();
            if(view.IsCurrentBeforeFirst)
            {
                view.MoveCurrentToFirst();
            }
        }
        private void nextButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            ICollectionView view = GetUserSetView();
            view.MoveCurrentToNext();
            if (view.IsCurrentAfterLast)
            {
                view.MoveCurrentToLast();
            }
        }
        private void lastButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if(userListBox.SelectedItem!=null)
            {
                userListBox.SelectedIndex = userListBox.Items.Count - 1;
            }
        }
    }
    // INotifyPropertyChanged是.net内置的接口
    // 数据绑定会检测DataContext是否实现了INotifyPropertyChanged
    // 如果实现了,就会监听PropertyChanged得知属性变化
    public class User : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        string name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return this.name; }
            set 
            { 
                this.name = value;     
            }
        }
        int age;   

        public int Age
        {
            get { return this.age; }
            set 
            { 
                this.age = value;
                // 触发事件  
                PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Age"));
            }
        }
        public User() { }
        public User(string name, int age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
    }

    public class Users : ObservableCollection<User>
    {

    }
}

方法二:在后台CS文件中赋初值,然后指定ItemSource。

前台XAML代码:

<Window x:Class="KarliCards.Gui.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:KarliCards.Gui"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="228" Width="283" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
    <Grid Name="grid" Height="195" DataContext="list">
        <TextBlock Height="23" Width="43" Text="Name: " HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top"
                   Margin="6, 71, 0, 0"/>
        <TextBlock Height="23" Width="43" Text="Age: " HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Bottom"
                   Margin="6, 0, 0, 72"/>
        <TextBox Height="23" Width="120" Name="nameTextBox" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                 VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="129, 68, 0, 0" />
        <!--Binding没有写ElementName对象,默认就是数据上下文DataContext-->
        <TextBox Height="23" Width="120" Name="ageTextBox" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                 VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="129, 100, 0, 0"/>
        <TextBlock Height="23" Width="58" Name="textBlock3" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                   VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="6, 10, 0, 0" Text="DataSet: "/>
        <ListBox Height="52" Width="179" Name="userListBox" HorizontalAlignment="Left"
                 VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="70, 10, 0, 0" 
                 IsSynchronizedWithCurrentItem="True"
                 SelectedValuePath="Age" 
                 SelectionChanged="userListBox_SelectionChanged"
                 DisplayMemberPath="Name" />
        <Button Content="First" Height="23" Width="47" Name="firstButton"
                HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="6, 127, 0, 0"
                Click="firstButton_Click"/>
        <Button Content="Previous" Height="23" Width="47" Name="previousButton"
                HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="70, 127, 0, 0"
                Click="previousButton_Click"/>
        <Button Content="Next" Height="23" Width="47" Name="nextButton"
                HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="137, 127, 0, 0"
                Click="nextButton_Click"/>
        <Button Content="Last" Height="23" Width="47" Name="lastButton"
                HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Top" Margin="202, 127, 0, 0"
                Click="lastButton_Click"/>
    </Grid>
</Window>

后台CS代码:通过ListBox的SelectedIndex来做处理

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

namespace KarliCards.Gui
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void firstButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if(userListBox.SelectedItem!=null)
            {
                userListBox.SelectedIndex = 0;
            }
        }
        private void previousButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            int index = userListBox.SelectedIndex;
            if(index>0)
            {
                userListBox.SelectedIndex -= 1;
            }
        }
        private void nextButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            int index = userListBox.SelectedIndex;
            if(index < userListBox.Items.Count-1)
            {
                userListBox.SelectedIndex += 1;
            }
        }
        private void lastButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            if(userListBox.SelectedItem!=null)
            {
                userListBox.SelectedIndex = userListBox.Items.Count - 1;
            }
        }

        private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            List<User> list = new List<User>();

            list.Add(new User() { Name = "赵子龙", Age = 120 });
            list.Add(new User() { Name = "谢浩然", Age = 10 });
            list.Add(new User() { Name = "林黛玉", Age = 20 });
            list.Add(new User() { Name = "花木兰", Age = 90 });
            list.Add(new User() { Name = "诸葛亮", Age = 120 });
            list.Add(new User() { Name = "穆桂英", Age = 90 });
            list.Add(new User("贾宝玉", 20));
            list.Add(new User("李宛桐", 10));
            this.userListBox.ItemsSource = list;
        }

        private void userListBox_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            // SelectedItem是Object对象,可以转换为任何对象,而本身它是User对象
            User str = (User)userListBox.SelectedItem;
            nameTextBox.Text = str.Name;
            ageTextBox.Text = str.Age.ToString();
        }
    }
    // INotifyPropertyChanged是.net内置的接口
    // 数据绑定会检测DataContext是否实现了INotifyPropertyChanged
    // 如果实现了,就会监听PropertyChanged得知属性变化
    public class User : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        string name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return this.name; }
            set 
            { 
                this.name = value;     
            }
        }
        int age;   

        public int Age
        {
            get { return this.age; }
            set 
            { 
                this.age = value;
                // 触发事件  
                PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Age"));
            }
        }
        public User() { }
        public User(string name, int age)
        {
            this.name = name;
            this.age = age;
        }
    }
}

方法三:综合方法一和方法二,ListBox的ItemSource在后台获取,同时使用ObservableCollection集合、ICollectionView接口。ICollectionView接口有一些现成的方法,如MoveCurrentToFirst()、MoveCurrentToNext()等。没实验成功,待续。

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