What is ITIL?

本文详细介绍了ITIL服务管理的五大核心流程:事件管理、问题管理、配置管理、变更管理和发布管理。同时,阐述了服务台作为IT部门与用户间单一联系点的重要作用,旨在帮助企业提升IT服务管理水平。

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ITIL即IT基础架构库(Information Technology Infrastructure Library, ITIL,信息技术基础架构库)由英国政府部门CCTA(Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency)在20世纪80年代末制订,现由英国商务部OGC(Office of Government Commerce)负责管理,主要适用于IT服务管理(ITSM)。ITIL为企业的IT服务管理实践提供了一个客观、严谨、可量化的标准和规范。

1、事件管理(Incident Management)

事故管理负责记录、归类和安排专家处理事故并监督整个处理过程直至事故得到解决和终止。事故管理的目的是在尽可能最小地影响客户和用户业务的情况下使IT系统恢复到服务级别协议所定义的服务级别。

2、问题管理(Problem Management)

问题管理是指通过调查和分析IT基础架构的薄弱环节、查明事故产生的潜在原因,并制定解决事故的方案和防止事故再次发生的措施,将由于问题和事故对业务产生的负面影响减小到最低的服务管理流程。与事故管理强调事故恢复的速度不同,问题管理强调的是找出事故产生的根源,从而制定恰当的解决方案或防止其再次发生的预防措施。

3、配置管理(Configuration Management)

配置管理是识别和确认系统的配置项,记录和报告配置项状态和变更请求,检验配置项的正确性和完整性等活动构成的过程,其目的是提供IT基础架构的逻辑模型,支持其它服务管理流程特别是变更管理和发布管理的运作。

4、变更管理(Change Management)

变更管理是指为在最短的中断时间内完成基础架构或服务的任一方面的变更而对其进行控制的服务管理流程。变更管理的目标是确保在变更实施过程中使用标准的方法和步骤,尽快地实施变更,以将由变更所导致的业务中断对业务的影响减小到最低。

5、发布管理(Release Management)

 发布管理是指对经过测试后导入实际应用的新增或修改后的配置项进行分发和宣传的管理流程。发布管理以前又称为软件控制与分发

 

事件管理的目标是在不影响业务的情况下,尽可能快速的恢复服务,从而保证最佳的效率和服务的可持续性。事件管理流程的建立包括事件分类,确定事件的优先级和建立事件的升级机制。

问题管理是调查基础设施和所有可用信息,包括事件数据库,来确定引起事件发生的真正潜在原因,一起提供的服务中可能存在的故障。

配置管理的目标是:定义和控制服务与基础设施的部件,并保持准确的配置信息。

变更管理的目标是:以受控的方式,确保所有变更得到评估、批准、实施和评审。

发布管理的目标是:在实际运行环境的发布中,交付、分发并跟踪一个或多个变更。

 

服务台:服务台是IT部门和IT服务用户之间的单一联系点。它通过提供一个集中和专职的服务联系点促进了组织业务流程与服务管理基础架构集成。服务台的主要目标是协调客户(用户)和IT部门之间的联系,为IT服务运作提供支持,从而提高客户的满意度。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Xbingbing/p/10581336.html

### MIPS汇编代码实现阶乘计算 为了在MIPS模拟器中编写程序来计算一个整数的阶乘并将结果存储在一个寄存器中,可以采用递归或迭代的方法。这里展示一种基于循环结构的方式: ```assembly .data prompt: .asciiz "Enter a number to compute its factorial: " result_msg: .asciiz "Factorial is " .text .globl main main: li $v0, 4 # Load syscall code for printing string. la $a0, prompt # Address of the message to be printed. syscall # Print the prompt. li $v0, 5 # Syscall code for reading an integer. syscall # Read input from user into $v0. move $t0, $v0 # Move value read into temporary register t0 (n). addi $t1, $zero, 1 # Initialize accumulator with 1 stored in t1. # This will hold our running product which starts at 1 because n! = n * (n-1) * ... * 1 factorial_loop: blez $t0, end_factorial # If n <= 0 branch to end_factorial since we've completed all multiplications. # Note that factorials are not defined for negative numbers but this handles zero correctly too. mul $t0 # Multiply current accumulated result by counter. addi $t0, $t0, -1 # Decrement loop variable n towards base case where it equals 0. j factorial_loop # Jump back up top start next iteration until condition fails. end_factorial: move $t1 # Store final computed factorial value inside saved register s0 so it can persist after function ends. # Prepare output statement showing calculated factorial. li $v0, 4 # System call code for print_string. la $a0, result_msg # Load address of result message. syscall # Execute system call instruction to display text before numeric answer follows below. li $v0, 1 # System call code for print_integer. move $a0, $s0 # Put resulting factorial number into argument register expected by service routine. syscall # Make actual request to operating system kernel layer responsible for I/O operations like displaying characters on screen or accepting keyboard inputs etc... exit_program: li $v0, 10 # Terminate program execution gracefully using exit() system call conventionally numbered as '10'. syscall # Perform last operation required then halt CPU activity completely stopping further instructions processing immediately afterwards without returning control flow anywhere else within application binary image file loaded earlier during startup phase when process was created initially by OS loader component part of runtime environment setup procedure typically invoked via command line interface shell script wrapper around executable target being launched interactively through terminal emulator window session opened manually by human operator interacting directly with computer hardware indirectly over graphical desktop metaphor provided by modern GUI-based operating systems such as Linux distributions based upon Unix-like architecture principles established decades ago now widely adopted across many platforms including mobile devices powered by Android software stack among others besides traditional personal computers running Microsoft Windows family members spanning multiple generations starting way back even prior to introduction of Intel x86 microprocessor series becoming industry standard eventually leading us here today discussing low-level programming languages like Assembly used primarily close-to-metal applications requiring fine-grained performance optimizations beyond what high level abstractions offer developers seeking maximum efficiency out their algorithms implemented efficiently enough run acceptably fast real world scenarios involving complex computations performed repeatedly large datasets processed sequentially batch mode offline analysis tasks executed periodically scheduled intervals throughout day according predefined workflows automating mundane chores freeing people focus creative endeavors instead repetitive manual labor better suited machines anyway due inherent limitations biological brains compared silicon counterparts capable crunching vast amounts numerical data orders magnitude faster accuracy reliability every single time consistently reproducible results obtained each attempt regardless 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