题目
Initially on a notepad only one character 'A' is present. You can perform two operations on this notepad for each step:
Copy All
: You can copy all the characters present on the notepad (partial copy is not allowed).Paste
: You can paste the characters which are copied last time.
Given a number n
. You have to get exactly n
'A' on the notepad by performing the minimum number of steps permitted. Output the minimum number of steps to get n
'A'.
Example 1:
Input: 3 Output: 3 Explanation: Intitally, we have one character 'A'. In step 1, we use Copy All operation. In step 2, we use Paste operation to get 'AA'. In step 3, we use Paste operation to get 'AAA'.
Note:
- The
n
will be in the range [1, 1000].
第一种方法可以模拟copy和paste操作,找到所有可能的操作个数,最后取最小值,这样的方法比较费时,另一种方法是根据n来决定操作个数,令f(n)表示构造长度为n所需的操作次数,如果n能被2整除,则f(n)=f(n/2)+2,即f(n/2)时copy并paste,类似n能被3整除时,f(n)=f(n/3)+3,则n能被i整除,f(n)=f(n/i)+i。
方法一:
class Solution {
public:
void steps(int n,int curlen,int copy,int cnt,int& minStep){
if(curlen+copy==n){//如果当前长度+copy==n,则只需要一次paste即可,故minStep与cnt+1取最小
minStep=min(minStep,cnt+1);
return ;
}
else if(curlen+copy<n){//否则如果不到n,则有两种方案
steps(n,curlen+copy,copy,cnt+1,minStep);//第一是paste并且不copy,只增加一次操作
steps(n,curlen+copy,curlen+copy,cnt+2,minStep);//第二是paste并且copy,增加两次操作
}
return ;
}
int minSteps(int n) {
if(n==1){//如果n等于0,则无需复制粘贴直接返回
return 0;
}
int curlen=1;//当前长度初始化为1
int copy=1;//copy初始化为1
int minStep=INT_MAX;//保存最小的步骤个数
steps(n,curlen,copy,1,minStep);
return minStep;
}
};
方法二:
class Solution {
public:
int minSteps(int n) {
if (n == 1) return 0;
for (int i = 2; i < n; i++)
if (n % i == 0)
return i + minSteps(n / i);
return n;
}
};
参考文章:
[C++] Clean Code with Explanation - 4 lines, No DP