连接思路
Unity通过Socket通信连接本地Python
如何做到Unity连接其它的所有呢？
有了Unity连接本地Python这一方案的话，基于Python强大的胶水语言、网上资料超多的特点，就可以再次用Python去连接更多更多的东西，从而使得Unity可以连接近乎一切你想到的能用Python连接的东西。
下面演示Unity通过Python间接连接阿里云(包含了Unity连接Python的内容)：
因为数字孪生项目需要，楼主最近在捣鼓Unity连接阿里云MQTT服务器时，发现网上的这方面资料很少很少，能找到的比较少的也都只是Unity连接自己的MQTT服务器，而阿里云的服务器往往还需要验证签名什么的。这使得直连这个方案很艰难。
因此楼主毅然决然的选择了Unity通过Socket通信连接本地Python，再用Python连接阿里云服务器的这个间接连接的方案。
下面是思路图
这样，Unity就可以成功的连接到阿里云服务器了。
下面是连接的相关代码，分为三部分：
1.Python单独连接Unity(Socket)
2.Python单独连接阿里云服务器(MQTT)
3.Unity和阿里云服务器通过Python实现间接连接。
1.Python单独连接Unity
1.Python部分：link_Unity.py
import socket
import json
import threading
from dataclasses import dataclass
# 定义服务器的IP地址和端口号
host, port = "127.0.0.1", 25001
# 定义NPCInfo结构体
@dataclass
class NPCInfo:
temp: float
humi: int
bee_state: int
rader: int
LED_Lab1: int
fire: int
MQ2: int
voice: int
check_in: int
mqtt_state: int
check_off: int
# 处理客户端连接的函数
def handle_client(client_socket):
send_thread = threading.Thread(target=send_npc_info, args=(client_socket,))
receive_thread = threading.Thread(target=receive_npc_info, args=(client_socket,))
send_thread.start()
receive_thread.start()
# 将NPCInfo实例转为JSON格式并发送给客户端
def send_npc_info(client_socket):
npc_info = NPCInfo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11) # 示例数据
while True:
user_input = input("输入P发送信息")
if user_input.lower() == 'p':
json_data = json.dumps(npc_info.__dict__) # 转换为JSON格式
json_data += '\n' # 添加换行符作为分隔符
client_socket.sendall(json_data.encode()) # 发送JSON数据
# 从客户端接收JSON数据并解码为NPCInfo实例
def receive_npc_info(client_socket):
while True:
received_data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode() # 接收数据并解码为字符串
if not received_data:
break
# 解码JSON数据为NPCInfo实例
npc_data = json.loads(received_data)
npc_info = NPCInfo(**npc_data)
print("收到Unity信息:", npc_info)
# 创建TCP socket并绑定IP地址和端口号
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind((host, port))
server_socket.listen(5)
print(f"正在监听 {host}:{port}")
while True:
# 等待客户端连接
client_socket, _ = server_socket.accept()
print(f"成功连接到客户端 {_}")
# 启动一个线程来处理客户端连接
client_thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(client_socket,))
client_thread.start()2.Unity部分：link_Python.cs
参考代码里，每次需要先运行Python代码才能运行Unity代码，不然就无法正常连接。因此楼主基于资料里多添加了服务器断连重连部分，不需要再考虑先后启动了。
using System.IO;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;
public class UnityClient : MonoBehaviour
{
// 定义NPCInfo结构体
public struct NPCInfo
{
public double temp;
public int humi;
public int voice;
public int MQ2;
public int check_in;
public int rader;
public int check_off;
public int LED_Lab1;
public int mqtt_state;
public int bee_state;
public int fire;
}
public string serverIP = "127.0.0.1";
public int serverPort = 25001;
public NPCInfo MyNPCInfo = new NPCInfo
{
temp = 0.0,
humi = 0,
voice = 0,
MQ2 = 0,
check_in = 0,
rader = 0,
check_off = 0,
LED_Lab1 = 1,
mqtt_state = 0,
bee_state = 2,
fire = 0,
};
private TcpClient client;
private NetworkStream stream;
private float reconnectAttemptTime = 0f; // 记录重连尝试的时间
private float reconnectInterval = 3f; // 设置重连提示的间隔时间
void Start()
{
ConnectToServer();
}
void ConnectToServer()
{
if (client != null && client.Connected) return;
try
{
client = new TcpClient(serverIP, serverPort);
stream = client.GetStream();
Debug.Log("成功连接到服务器");
}
catch (SocketException)
{
Debug.LogError("连接服务器失败，正在重试...");
Invoke("Reconnect", 5f); // 等待5秒后重试连接
}
}
void Reconnect()
{
ConnectToServer();
}
void Update()
{
if (client == null || !client.Connected)
{
reconnectAttemptTime += Time.deltaTime; // 增加重连尝试时间
if (reconnectAttemptTime >= reconnectInterval)
{
Debug.LogWarning("未连接到服务器，尝试重连...");
reconnectAttemptTime = 0f; // 重置计时器
HandleDisconnection();
}
return;
}
if (stream.DataAvailable)
{
ReceiveMessage();
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.U))
{
SendMessage(MyNPCInfo);
}
}
void SendMessage(NPCInfo npcInfo)
{
if (stream == null) return;
try
{
string json = JsonUtility.ToJson(npcInfo);
byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json);
stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
Debug.LogError("发送数据失败: " + e.Message);
HandleDisconnection();
}
}
void HandleDisconnection()
{
if (stream != null)
{
stream.Close();
stream = null;
}
if (client != null)
{
client.Close();
client = null;
}
Invoke("Reconnect", 5f); // 等待5秒后重试连接
}
void ReceiveMessage()
{
if (stream != null && stream.DataAvailable)
{
byte[] responseData = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead = stream.Read(responseData, 0, responseData.Length);
string response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(responseData, 0, bytesRead);
DecodeJSON(response);
}
}
public void DecodeJSON(string json)
{
NPCInfo npcInfo = JsonUtility.FromJson<NPCInfo>(json);
MyNPCInfo = npcInfo;
Debug.Log("temp：" + MyNPCInfo.temp + "，humi：" + MyNPCInfo.humi + "，voice：" + MyNPCInfo.voice +
"，MQ2：" + MyNPCInfo.MQ2 + "，check_in：" + MyNPCInfo.check_in + "，check_off：" + MyNPCInfo.check_off +
"，rader：" + MyNPCInfo.rader + "，LED_Lab1：" + MyNPCInfo.LED_Lab1 +
"，mqtt_state：" + MyNPCInfo.mqtt_state + "，bee_state：" + MyNPCInfo.bee_state + "，fire：" + MyNPCInfo.fire);
}
void OnDestroy()
{
HandleDisconnection();
}
}
2.Python单独连接阿里云服务器
运行之前，还请先下载TLS证书，在这里建议直接去阿里云官网下载
如何调用Python的Paho MQTT类库将设备接入物联网平台_物联网平台(IoT)-阿里云帮助中心 (aliyun.com)
该部分有两个py代码，请分别修改两个py代码中的相关变量
iot.py
请修改以下数据：
productKey、deviceName、deviceSecret
其它代码请根据自己的定义自己修改。
import json
import time
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
from MqttSign import AuthIfo
# 设置设备信息，包括产品密钥、设备名称和设备密钥
productKey = ""
deviceName = ""
deviceSecret = ""
# 设置时间戳、客户端ID、订阅主题和发布主题
timeStamp = str(int(round(time.time() * 1000)))
clientId = "192.168.****"
subTopic = f"/{productKey}/{deviceName}/user/get"
# 设置主机地址和端口
host = f"{productKey}k0lrjXSIdGe.iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com"
port = 1883
# 设置TLS证书和心跳时间
tls_crt = "root.crt"
keepAlive = 300
# 全局变量，用于存储传感器值
temp = None
humi = None
bee_state = None
rader = None
LED_Lab1 = None
fire = None
MQ2 = None
voice = None
check_in = None
mqtt_state = None
# 计算登录认证信息，并将其设置到连接选项中
m = AuthIfo()
m.calculate_sign_time(productKey, deviceName, deviceSecret, clientId, timeStamp)
client = mqtt.Client(m.mqttClientId)
client.username_pw_set(username=m.mqttUsername, password=m.mqttPassword)
client.tls_set(tls_crt)
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
# 当客户端连接到服务器时的回调函数
if rc == 0:
print("成功连接到阿里云物联网云")
else:
print(f"连接失败... 错误代码: {rc}")
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
# 当客户端收到消息时的回调函数
global temp, humi, bee_state, rader, LED_Lab1, fire, MQ2
topic = msg.topic
payload = msg.payload.decode()
print(f"收到消息 ---------- 主题: {topic}")
print(f"收到消息 ---------- 负载: {payload}")
try:
Msg = json.loads(payload)
items = Msg.get('items', {})
# 从'items'中提取传感器值并将其赋值给全局变量
temp = items.get('temp', {}).get('value')
humi = items.get('humi', {}).get('value')
voice = items.get('voice', {}).get('value')
MQ2 = items.get('MQ2', {}).get('value')
check_in = items.get('check_in', {}).get('value')
rader = items.get('rader', {}).get('value')
check_off = items.get('check_off', {}).get('value')
LED_Lab1 = items.get('LED_Lab1', {}).get('value')
mqtt_state = items.get('mqtt', {}).get('value')
bee_state = items.get('bee_state', {}).get('value')
fire = items.get('fire', {}).get('value')
print(f"当前传感器数据: 温度: {temp}, 湿度: {humi}, 声音值:{voice}, 气体传感器: {MQ2}, 签到ID:{check_in}, 雷达: {rader}, 签退ID:{check_off}, 实验室LED: {LED_Lab1}, 服务器状态:{mqtt_state}, 蜂鸣器状态: {bee_state}, 火灾检测: {fire}")
except json.JSONDecodeError:
# 处理JSON解码错误
print("JSON 解码失败。")
def connect_mqtt():
# 连接到MQTT服务器
client.connect(host, port, keepAlive)
return client
def subscribe_topic():
# 订阅主题
client.subscribe(subTopic)
print(f"订阅主题: {subTopic}")
import json
def publish_message(bee_state_value, LED_Lab1_value):
"""
发布消息到指定的固定主题，动态设置 bee_state 和 LED_Lab1 的值。
参数:
bee_state_value (int): bee_state 的值
LED_Lab1_value (int): LED_Lab1 的值
"""
topic = "/sys/k0lrjXSIdGe/SmartLab-app/thing/event/property/post"
# 构造固定格式的 JSON 负载，动态插入 bee_state 和 LED_Lab1 的值
payload = {
"id": 1726899778140,
"params": {
"bee_state": bee_state_value,
"LED_Lab1": LED_Lab1_value
},
"version": "1.0",
"method": "thing.event.property.post"
}
# 将字典转为 JSON 格式的字符串
payload_str = json.dumps(payload)
# 发布消息到指定主题
result = client.publish(topic, payload_str)
# 判断发布结果
status = result[0]
if status == 0:
print(f"成功发布消息到主题 {topic}: {payload_str}")
else:
print(f"消息发布失败，状态码: {status}")
# 设置连接和消息回调函数
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message
client = connect_mqtt()
client.loop_start()
time.sleep(2)
# 订阅主题
subscribe_topic()
while True:
time.sleep(1)
# 动态发布消息
publish_message(2, 1)
MqttSign.py
请修改以下数据：
mqttClientId、mqttUsername、mqttPassword
其它代码请根据自己的定义自己修改。
import hmac
from hashlib import sha1
class AuthIfo:
mqttClientId = ''
mqttUsername = ''
mqttPassword = ''
def calculate_sign_time(self, productKey, deviceName, deviceSecret, clientId, timeStamp):
self.mqttClientId = clientId + "|securemode=2,signmethod=hmacsha1,timestamp=" + timeStamp + "|"
self.mqttUsername = deviceName + "&" + productKey
content = "clientId" + clientId + "deviceName" + deviceName + "productKey" + productKey + "timestamp" + timeStamp
self.mqttPassword = hmac.new(deviceSecret.encode(), content.encode(), sha1).hexdigest()
def calculate_sign(self, productKey, deviceName, deviceSecret, clientId):
self.mqttClientId = clientId + "|securemode=2,signmethod=hmacsha1|"
self.mqttUsername = deviceName + "&" + productKey
content = "clientId" + clientId + "deviceName" + deviceName + "productKey" + productKey
self.mqttPassword = hmac.new(deviceSecret.encode(), content.encode(), sha1).hexdigest()3.阿里云连Unity
1.Python部分：iot_Unity.py
请注意：运行次代码仍然需要阿里云的驱动py文件：MqttSign.py，请去上面部分进行粘贴拷贝。
import json
import time
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
from MqttSign import AuthIfo
import socket
import threading
from dataclasses import dataclass
"""
Unity与阿里云MQTT服务器的中间通讯
运行思路：
当阿里云服务器发送数据过来时：回传给Unity
当Unity发送数据过来时：回传给阿里云
无脑转发
"""
"""-------------------------连接阿里云的数据配置---------------------------------"""
# 设置设备信息，包括产品密钥、设备名称和设备密钥
productKey = ""
deviceName = ""
deviceSecret = ""
# 设置时间戳、客户端ID、订阅主题和发布主题
timeStamp = str(int(round(time.time() * 1000)))
clientId = "192.168.****"
subTopic = f"/{productKey}/{deviceName}/user/get"
# 设置主机地址和端口
host = f"{productKey}k0lrjXSIdGe.iot-as-mqtt.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com"
port = 1883
# 设置TLS证书和心跳时间
tls_crt = "root.crt"
keepAlive = 300
# 全局变量，用于存储传感器值，合并后，共用数据
# temp = None
# humi = None
# bee_state = None
# rader = None
# LED_Lab1 = None
# fire = None
# MQ2 = None
# voice = None
# check_in = None
# mqtt_state = None
"""-------------------------连接Unity部分的数据配置---------------------------------"""
# 定义服务器的IP地址和端口号
host_unity, port_unity = "127.0.0.1", 25001
# 定义要传输的信息的结构体
@dataclass
class NPCInfo:
temp: float
humi: int
bee_state: int
rader: int
LED_Lab1: int
fire: int
MQ2: int
voice: int
check_in: int
mqtt_state: int
check_off: int
my_message = NPCInfo(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) # 示例数据
"""-------------------------连接阿里云的函数定义---------------------------------"""
def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
# 当客户端连接到服务器时的回调函数
if rc == 0:
print("成功连接到阿里云物联网云")
else:
print(f"连接失败... 错误代码: {rc}")
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
global my_message
topic = msg.topic
payload = msg.payload.decode()
print(f"收到消息 ---------- 主题: {topic}")
print(f"收到消息 ---------- 负载: {payload}")
try:
Msg = json.loads(payload)
items = Msg.get('items', {})
# 从items中提取传感器值并将其赋值给my_message
my_message.temp = float(items.get('temp', {}).get('value', 0.0)) if items.get('temp') is not None else 0.0
my_message.humi = int(items.get('humi', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('humi') is not None else 0
my_message.voice = int(items.get('voice', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('voice') is not None else 0
my_message.MQ2 = int(items.get('MQ2', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('MQ2') is not None else 0
my_message.check_in = int(items.get('check_in', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('check_in') is not None else 0
my_message.rader = int(items.get('rader', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('rader') is not None else 0
my_message.check_off = int(items.get('check_off', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('check_off') is not None else 0
my_message.LED_Lab1 = int(items.get('LED_Lab1', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('LED_Lab1') is not None else 0
my_message.mqtt_state = int(items.get('mqtt', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('mqtt') is not None else 0
my_message.bee_state = int(items.get('bee_state', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('bee_state') is not None else 0
my_message.fire = int(items.get('fire', {}).get('value', 0)) if items.get('fire') is not None else 0
print(
f"当前传感器数据: 温度: {my_message.temp}, 湿度: {my_message.humi}, 声音值: {my_message.voice}, "
f"气体传感器: {my_message.MQ2}, 签到ID: {my_message.check_in}, 雷达: {my_message.rader}, "
f"签退ID: {my_message.check_off}, 实验室LED: {my_message.LED_Lab1}, "
f"服务器状态: {my_message.mqtt_state}, 蜂鸣器状态: {my_message.bee_state}, 火灾检测: {my_message.fire}"
)
# 发送至Unity
send_npc_info(client_socket)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
print("JSON 解码失败。")
def connect_mqtt():
# 连接到MQTT服务器
client.connect(host, port, keepAlive)
return client
def subscribe_topic():
# 订阅主题
client.subscribe(subTopic)
print(f"订阅主题: {subTopic}")
def publish_message(bee_state_value, LED_Lab1_value):
"""
发布消息到指定的固定主题，动态设置 bee_state 和 LED_Lab1 的值。
参数:
bee_state_value (int): bee_state 的值
LED_Lab1_value (int): LED_Lab1 的值
"""
topic = "/sys/k0lrjXSIdGe/SmartLab-app/thing/event/property/post"
# 构造固定格式的 JSON 负载，动态插入 bee_state 和 LED_Lab1 的值
payload = {
"id": 1726899778140,
"params": {
"bee_state": bee_state_value,
"LED_Lab1": LED_Lab1_value
},
"version": "1.0",
"method": "thing.event.property.post"
}
# 将字典转为 JSON 格式的字符串
payload_str = json.dumps(payload)
# 发布消息到指定主题
result = client.publish(topic, payload_str)
# 判断发布结果
status = result[0]
if status == 0:
print(f"成功发布消息到主题 {topic}: {payload_str}")
else:
print(f"消息发布失败，状态码: {status}")
"""-------------------------连接Unity的函数定义---------------------------------"""
# 处理客户端连接的函数
def handle_client(client_socket):
send_thread = threading.Thread(target=send_npc_info, args=(client_socket,))
receive_thread = threading.Thread(target=receive_npc_info, args=(client_socket,))
send_thread.start()
receive_thread.start()
# 将NPCInfo实例转为JSON格式并发送给客户端
def send_npc_info(client_socket):
global my_message
json_data = json.dumps(my_message.__dict__) # 转换为JSON格式
json_data += '\n' # 添加换行符作为分隔符
client_socket.sendall(json_data.encode()) # 发送JSON数据
# 从客户端接收JSON数据并解码为NPCInfo实例
def receive_npc_info(client_socket):
while True:
received_data = client_socket.recv(1024).decode() # 接收数据并解码为字符串
if not received_data:
break
# 解码JSON数据为NPCInfo实例
npc_data = json.loads(received_data)
npc_info = NPCInfo(**npc_data)
print("收到Unity信息:", npc_info)
#发送数据至阿里云
publish_message(npc_info.bee_state, npc_info.LED_Lab1)
"""-------------------------连接阿里云的初始化代码---------------------------------"""
# 计算登录认证信息，并将其设置到连接选项中
m = AuthIfo()
m.calculate_sign_time(productKey, deviceName, deviceSecret, clientId, timeStamp)
client = mqtt.Client(m.mqttClientId)
client.username_pw_set(username=m.mqttUsername, password=m.mqttPassword)
client.tls_set(tls_crt)
# 设置连接和消息回调函数
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message
client = connect_mqtt()
client.loop_start()
time.sleep(2)
# 订阅主题
subscribe_topic()
"""-------------------------连接Unity的初始化代码---------------------------------"""
# 创建TCP socket并绑定IP地址和端口号
server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
server_socket.bind((host_unity, port_unity))
server_socket.listen(5)
print(f"正在监听 {host_unity}:{port_unity}")
"""-------------------------共用死循环--------------------------------------------"""
while True:
# 等待客户端连接
client_socket, _ = server_socket.accept()
print(f"成功连接到客户端 {_}")
# 启动一个线程来处理客户端连接
client_thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_client, args=(client_socket,))
client_thread.start()
Unity部分：link_Python.cs
using System.IO;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using UnityEngine;
public class UnityClient : MonoBehaviour
{
// 定义NPCInfo结构体
public struct NPCInfo
{
public double temp;
public int humi;
public int voice;
public int MQ2;
public int check_in;
public int rader;
public int check_off;
public int LED_Lab1;
public int mqtt_state;
public int bee_state;
public int fire;
}
public string serverIP = "127.0.0.1";
public int serverPort = 25001;
public NPCInfo MyNPCInfo = new NPCInfo
{
temp = 0.0,
humi = 0,
voice = 0,
MQ2 = 0,
check_in = 0,
rader = 0,
check_off = 0,
LED_Lab1 = 1,
mqtt_state = 0,
bee_state = 2,
fire = 0,
};
private TcpClient client;
private NetworkStream stream;
private float reconnectAttemptTime = 0f; // 记录重连尝试的时间
private float reconnectInterval = 3f; // 设置重连提示的间隔时间
void Start()
{
ConnectToServer();
}
void ConnectToServer()
{
if (client != null && client.Connected) return;
try
{
client = new TcpClient(serverIP, serverPort);
stream = client.GetStream();
Debug.Log("成功连接到服务器");
}
catch (SocketException)
{
Debug.LogError("连接服务器失败，正在重试...");
Invoke("Reconnect", 5f); // 等待5秒后重试连接
}
}
void Reconnect()
{
ConnectToServer();
}
void Update()
{
if (client == null || !client.Connected)
{
reconnectAttemptTime += Time.deltaTime; // 增加重连尝试时间
if (reconnectAttemptTime >= reconnectInterval)
{
Debug.LogWarning("未连接到服务器，尝试重连...");
reconnectAttemptTime = 0f; // 重置计时器
HandleDisconnection();
}
return;
}
if (stream.DataAvailable)
{
ReceiveMessage();
}
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.U))
{
SendMessage(MyNPCInfo);
}
}
void SendMessage(NPCInfo npcInfo)
{
if (stream == null) return;
try
{
string json = JsonUtility.ToJson(npcInfo);
byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json);
stream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
Debug.LogError("发送数据失败: " + e.Message);
HandleDisconnection();
}
}
void HandleDisconnection()
{
if (stream != null)
{
stream.Close();
stream = null;
}
if (client != null)
{
client.Close();
client = null;
}
Invoke("Reconnect", 5f); // 等待5秒后重试连接
}
void ReceiveMessage()
{
if (stream != null && stream.DataAvailable)
{
byte[] responseData = new byte[1024];
int bytesRead = stream.Read(responseData, 0, responseData.Length);
string response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(responseData, 0, bytesRead);
DecodeJSON(response);
}
}
public void DecodeJSON(string json)
{
NPCInfo npcInfo = JsonUtility.FromJson<NPCInfo>(json);
MyNPCInfo = npcInfo;
Debug.Log("temp：" + MyNPCInfo.temp + "，humi：" + MyNPCInfo.humi + "，voice：" + MyNPCInfo.voice +
"，MQ2：" + MyNPCInfo.MQ2 + "，check_in：" + MyNPCInfo.check_in + "，check_off：" + MyNPCInfo.check_off +
"，rader：" + MyNPCInfo.rader + "，LED_Lab1：" + MyNPCInfo.LED_Lab1 +
"，mqtt_state：" + MyNPCInfo.mqtt_state + "，bee_state：" + MyNPCInfo.bee_state + "，fire：" + MyNPCInfo.fire);
}
void OnDestroy()
{
HandleDisconnection();
}
}
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