The tags listed below are part of the International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) and the Newspaper Association of America (NAA) Information Interchange Model (IIM). This is an older meta information format, slowly being phased out in favor of XMP -- the newer IPTCCore specification uses XMP format. IPTC information may be found in JPG, TIFF, PNG, MIFF, PS, PDF, PSD, XCF and DNG images.
This specification dictates a length for ASCII (string or digits) and binary (undef) values. These lengths are given in square brackets after the Writable format name. For tags where a range of lengths is allowed, the minimum and maximum lengths are separated by a comma within the brackets. IPTC strings are not null terminated. When writing, ExifTool issues a minor warning and truncates the value if it is longer than allowed by the IPTC specification. Minor errors may be ignored with the IgnoreMinorErrors (-m) option, allowing longer values to be written, but beware that values like this may cause problems for some other IPTC readers. ExifTool will happily read IPTC values of any length.
Separate IPTC date and time tags may be written with a combined date/time value and ExifTool automagically takes the appropriate part of the date/time string depending on whether a date or time tag is being written. This is very useful when copying date/time values to IPTC from other metadata formats.
IPTC time values include a timezone offset. If written with a value which doesn't include a timezone then the current local timezone offset is used (unless written with a combined date/time, in which case the local timezone offset at the specified date/time is used, which may be different due to changes in daylight savings time).
Note that it is not uncommon for IPTC to be found in non-standard locations in JPEG and TIFF-based images. When reading, the family 1 group name has a number added for non-standard IPTC ("IPTC2", "IPTC3", etc), but when writing only "IPTC" may be specified as the group. To keep the IPTC consistent, ExifTool updates tags in all existing IPTC locations, but will create a new IPTC group only in the standard location.
(values are entered in the form "ESC X Y[, ...]". The escape sequence for UTF-8 character coding is "ESC % G", but this is displayed as "UTF8" for convenience. Either string may be used when writing. The value of this tag affects the decoding of string values in the Application and NewsPhoto records. This tag is marked as "unsafe" to prevent it from being copied by default in a group operation because existing tags in the destination image may use a different encoding. When creating a new IPTC record from scratch, it is suggested that this be set to "UTF8" if special characters are a possibility)
'a' = Morning 'b' = Both Morning and Evening 'p' = Evening
80
By-line
string[0,32]+
85
By-lineTitle
string[0,32]+
90
City
string[0,32]
92
Sub-location
string[0,32]
95
Province-State
string[0,32]
100
Country-PrimaryLocationCode
string[3]
101
Country-PrimaryLocationName
string[0,64]
103
OriginalTransmissionReference
string[0,32]
105
Headline
string[0,256]
110
Credit
string[0,32]
115
Source
string[0,32]
116
CopyrightNotice
string[0,128]
118
Contact
string[0,128]+
120
Caption-Abstract
string[0,2000]
121
LocalCaption
string[0,256]
(I haven't found a reference for the format of tags 121, 184-188 and 225-232, so I have just make them writable as strings with reasonable length. Beware that if this is wrong, other utilities won't be able to read these tags as written by ExifTool)
122
Writer-Editor
string[0,32]+
125
RasterizedCaption
undef[7360]
130
ImageType
string[2]
131
ImageOrientation
string[1]
'L' = Landscape 'P' = Portrait 'S' = Square
135
LanguageIdentifier
string[2,3]
150
AudioType
string[2]
'0T' = Text Only '1A' = Mono Actuality '1C' = Mono Question and Answer Session '1M' = Mono Music '1Q' = Mono Response to a Question '1R' = Mono Raw Sound '1S' = Mono Scener '1V' = Mono Voicer '1W' = Mono Wrap '2A' = Stereo Actuality '2C' = Stereo Question and Answer Session '2M' = Stereo Music '2Q' = Stereo Response to a Question '2R' = Stereo Raw Sound '2S' = Stereo Scener '2V' = Stereo Voicer '2W' = Stereo Wrap
151
AudioSamplingRate
digits[6]
152
AudioSamplingResolution
digits[2]
153
AudioDuration
digits[6]
154
AudioOutcue
string[0,64]
184
JobID
string[0,64]
185
MasterDocumentID
string[0,256]
186
ShortDocumentID
string[0,64]
187
UniqueDocumentID
string[0,128]
188
OwnerID
string[0,128]
200
ObjectPreviewFileFormat
int16u
0 = No ObjectData 1 = IPTC-NAA Digital Newsphoto Parameter Record 2 = IPTC7901 Recommended Message Format 3 = Tagged Image File Format (Adobe/Aldus Image data) 4 = Illustrator (Adobe Graphics data) 5 = AppleSingle (Apple Computer Inc) 6 = NAA 89-3 (ANPA 1312) 7 = MacBinary II 8 = IPTC Unstructured Character Oriented File Format (UCOFF) 9 = United Press International ANPA 1312 variant 10 = United Press International Down-Load Message 11 = JPEG File Interchange (JFIF) 12 = Photo-CD Image-Pac (Eastman Kodak) 13 = Bit Mapped Graphics File [.BMP] (Microsoft) 14 = Digital Audio File [.WAV] (Microsoft & Creative Labs) 15 = Audio plus Moving Video [.AVI] (Microsoft) 16 = PC DOS/Windows Executable Files [.COM][.EXE] 17 = Compressed Binary File [.ZIP] (PKWare Inc) 18 = Audio Interchange File Format AIFF (Apple Computer Inc) 19 = RIFF Wave (Microsoft Corporation) 20 = Freehand (Macromedia/Aldus) 21 = Hypertext Markup Language [.HTML] (The Internet Society) 22 = MPEG 2 Audio Layer 2 (Musicom), ISO/IEC 23 = MPEG 2 Audio Layer 3, ISO/IEC 24 = Portable Document File [.PDF] Adobe 25 = News Industry Text Format (NITF) 26 = Tape Archive [.TAR] 27 = Tidningarnas Telegrambyra NITF version (TTNITF DTD) 28 = Ritzaus Bureau NITF version (RBNITF DTD) 29 = Corel Draw [.CDR]
0 = Linear Reflectance/Transmittance 1 = Linear Density 2 = IPTC Ref B 3 = Linear Dot Percent 4 = AP Domestic Analogue 5 = Compression Method Specific 6 = Color Space Specific 7 = Gamma Compensated
本文详细介绍了IPTC（国际新闻电讯协会）元数据标准，包括其历史背景、应用领域及不同记录类型的标签定义。IPTC元数据被广泛应用于图片、音频等多媒体文件中，用于描述文件的内容、版权等信息。
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