描述逻辑 DL 主要描述本体的概念和属性,对于本体知识库的构建提供便捷的表达形式。
举例:
- 概念Concepts:一个领域的子集
例:学生,已婚者 : {x|student(x)} {x|married(x)}
- 关系relation:某领域上的二元关系
例:朋友,恋人:{<x,y>|friend(x,y)} {<x,y>|loves(x,y)}
- 个体individuals:一个领域内的实例
例:张三,王一:{Zhangsan, Wangyi}
描述逻辑的知识库 O:=<T,A> 即TBox和ABox
TBox描述概念的一般性质
例:mother,person,has_child —— Mother
has_child.Person
通常为 ,
ABox描述论域中的特定个体 (具体的人名、物名...)
例:Mother(Helen) Person(Jack) 概念断言
has_child(Helen,Jack) 关系断言
通常为 C(a) or R(a,b)
DL表示大全
R:Role 指属性 C:Class
- top/bottom class: T/
- class union:
- class intersection:
-
negation: ¬
- existential
R.C
- universal
R.C
- min
S.C
- max
S.C
- subclass C
D
- subproperty R
S
-
ex:mary rdf:type ex:Person . • Person(mary)
-
ex:Mother rdfs:subClassOf ex:Woman . • Mother ⊑ Woman
-
ex:john ex:hasWife ex:Mary . • hasWife(john,mary)
-
ex:hasWife rdfs:subPropertyOf ex:hasSpouse • hasWife ⊑ hasSpouse
-
ex:hasWife rdfs:range ex:Woman . • ⊤⊑
hasWife.Woman
-
ex:hasWife rdfs:domain ex:Man . •
hasWife.T⊑ Man
-
owl:Thing •⊤
-
owl:Nothing •⊥
" Mothers are exactly those who are women and parents." Mother Woman ⊓ Parent
" Parents are exactly those who are mothers or fathers. " Parent Mother ⊔ Father
" ChildlessPersons are exactly those who are persons and who are not parents. ChildlessPerson Person ⊓ ¬Parent