为了对嵌套类对象属性变化直接观测,华为提供了ObservedV2和Trace装饰器。这两个装饰器必须搭配使用,单独使用任何一个都不会起任何作用;在继承类中也可监测;ObservedV2的类实例目前不支持使用JSON.stringify进行序列化,需通过new操作符实例化后,才具备被观测变化的能力。与V1版本相比(使用@ObjectLink装饰器与自定义组件来实现观测),使用起来更加方便。
嵌套类场景
在下面场景中老师(Teacher)尹山木,有个学生(Student)丁云飞,高一有三门课程(语文,数学,英语),升到高二增加了一门化学课。
export class Teacher{
name:string = "尹山木"
student:Student
constructor(stu:Student) {
this.student = stu
}
}
export class Student{
name:string = "丁云飞"
course:Course
constructor(c:Course) {
this.course = c
}
}
@ObservedV2
export class Course{
@Trace courses:Array<string> = []
constructor() {
this.courses = ["语文","数学","英语"]
}
}
@Entry
@ComponentV2
struct Index {
@Local teacher:Teacher = new Teacher(new Student(new Course()))
build() {
Column({space:20}){
Text("老师:" + this.teacher.name)
.fontSize(20)
Text("学生:" + this.teacher.student.name)
.fontSize(18)
Row({space:6}){
ForEach(this.teacher.student.course.courses,(course:string,index)=>{
Text("课程:" + course)
.fontSize(16)
})
}.width('100%')
.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start).alignItems(VerticalAlign.Center)
Button("升上二年级")
.onClick(()=>{
this.teacher.student.course.courses.push("化学")
})
}.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
.padding({left:20})
}
}
运行效果点击升上二年级,可以看到课程增加了一门化学。
继承类场景
祖孙三人,每过一年,年龄增加一岁。
@ObservedV2
export class GrandFather{
@Trace age:number = 0
constructor(age:number) {
this.age = age;
}
}
export class Father extends GrandFather{
constructor(age:number) {
super(age)
}
}
export class Son extends Father{
constructor(age: number) {
super(age)
}
}
@Entry
@ComponentV2
struct Index {
@Local son:Son = new Son(2)
build() {
Column({space:20}){
Text("孩子今年:" + this.son.age + "岁了!")
.fontSize(20)
Button("过了一年")
.onClick(()=>{
this.son.age++
})
}.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
.padding({left:20})
}
}
点击过了一年孩子会增长一岁。
Trace装饰基础类型的数组
ObservedV2监听模型numArrModel的numberArr数组的增加,同时刷新UI
@ObservedV2
export class numArrModel{
id:number = 0
@Trace numberArr:Array<number> = [0,10,5]
}
@Entry
@ComponentV2
struct Index {
@Local numModel:numArrModel = new numArrModel()
build() {
Column({space:20}){
ForEach(this.numModel.numberArr,(item:number,index)=>{
Text(''+item)
.fontSize(20)
})
Button('增加一个数字')
.onClick(()=>{
this.numModel.numberArr.push(11)
})
Button('减少一个数字')
.onClick(()=>{
this.numModel.numberArr.pop()
})
}.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
.padding({left:20})
}
}
Trace装饰对象数组
Trace装饰对象数组studends,以及student的属性age。当数组长度和age改变时页面会刷新。
@ObservedV2
export class Student{
@Trace age:number = 1
}
@ObservedV2
export class Classes{
id:number = 3
@Trace studends:Student[] = []
constructor(stus:Student[]) {
this.studends = stus
}
}
@Entry
@ComponentV2
struct Index {
@Local classModel:Classes = new Classes([new Student(),new Student(),new Student()])
build() {
Column({space:20}){
Column(){
Text("班级:"+this.classModel.id)
.fontSize(20)
Text("学生数量:"+this.classModel.studends.length+"人")
.fontSize(20)
}
Column(){
ForEach(this.classModel.studends,(stu:Student,index)=>{
Text("年龄:"+stu.age)
.fontSize(20)
})
}
Button('增加一个学生')
.onClick(()=>{
this.classModel.studends.push(new Student())
})
Button('第一名学生年龄增加一岁')
.onClick(()=>{
if (this.classModel.studends.length > 0) {
this.classModel.studends[0].age++
}
})
}.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
.padding({left:20})
}
}
Trace装饰Map类型
Trace装饰的Map类型属性,当发生set、clear、delete事件时会被监测到。
@ObservedV2
export class textMapModel{
@Trace textMap:Map<number,string> = new Map([[0,'a'],[1,'b'],[2,'c']])
}
@Entry
@ComponentV2
struct Index {
@Local mapInfo:textMapModel = new textMapModel()
build() {
Column({space:20}){
ForEach(Array.from(this.mapInfo.textMap.entries()), (item: [number, string]) => {
Text(`${item[0]}`)
.fontSize(30)
Text(`${item[1]}`)
.fontSize(30)
Divider()
})
Button('初始化').onClick(()=>{
this.mapInfo.textMap = new Map([[0,'z'],[1,'x'],[2,'c']])
})
Button('增加一个').onClick(()=>{
this.mapInfo.textMap.set(3,'v')
})
Button('删除一个').onClick(()=>{
this.mapInfo.textMap.delete(0)
})
Button('清除').onClick(()=>{
this.mapInfo.textMap.clear()
})
Button('改变值').onClick(()=>{
this.mapInfo.textMap.set(0,'city')
})
}.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
.padding({left:20})
}
}
Trace装饰Set类型
Trace装饰的Set类型属性可以观测到add, clear, delete等
@ObservedV2
export class Info{
@Trace memberSet:Set<number> = new Set([0,1,2,3,4,5,6,])
}
@Entry
@ComponentV2
struct Index {
@Local memberInfoModel:Info = new Info()
build() {
Column({space:20}){
Row(){
ForEach(Array.from(this.memberInfoModel.memberSet.values()),(item:number)=>{
Text(``+item)
.fontSize(20)
.margin({left:6})
})
}
Button('add').onClick(()=>{
this.memberInfoModel.memberSet.add(10)
})
Button('clear').onClick(()=>{
this.memberInfoModel.memberSet.clear()
})
Button('delete').onClick(()=>{
this.memberInfoModel.memberSet.delete(0)
})
}.justifyContent(FlexAlign.Start)
.alignItems(HorizontalAlign.Start)
.padding({left:20})
}
}
Trace装饰Date类型
@Trace装饰的Date类型属性可以观测调用API带来的变化,包括 setFullYear、setMonth、setDate、setHours、setMinutes、setSeconds、setMilliseconds、setTime、setUTCFullYear、setUTCMonth、setUTCDate、setUTCHours、setUTCMinutes、setUTCSeconds、setUTCMilliseconds。因为Info类被@ObservedV2装饰且属性selectedDate被@Trace装饰,点击Button('set selectedDate to 2023-07-08')对selectedDate赋值也可以观测到变化。