读写BMP文件

已于 2024-05-20 16:57:05 修改
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分类专栏： 图片处理
于 2022-05-18 14:00:19 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/asiwxy/article/details/124840997
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c语言 c++

转自：C语言读写BMP文件_holybin的博客-优快云博客_bmp文件读写 

#ifndef BMP_H  
#define BMP_H  
 
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
typedef struct  
{  
	//unsigned short    bfType;  
	unsigned long    bfSize;  
	unsigned short    bfReserved1;  
	unsigned short    bfReserved2;  
	unsigned long    bfOffBits;  
} ClBitMapFileHeader;  
 
typedef struct  
{  
	unsigned long  biSize;   
	long   biWidth;   
	long   biHeight;   
	unsigned short   biPlanes;   
	unsigned short   biBitCount;  
	unsigned long  biCompression;   
	unsigned long  biSizeImage;   
	long   biXPelsPerMeter;   
	long   biYPelsPerMeter;   
	unsigned long   biClrUsed;   
	unsigned long   biClrImportant;   
} ClBitMapInfoHeader;  
 
typedef struct   
{  
	unsigned char rgbBlue; //该颜色的蓝色分量 
	unsigned char rgbGreen; //该颜色的绿色分量 
	unsigned char rgbRed; //该颜色的红色分量 
	unsigned char rgbReserved; //保留值 
} ClRgbQuad;  
 
typedef struct  
{  
	int width;  
	int height;  
	int channels;  
	unsigned char* imageData;  
}ClImage;  
 
ClImage* clLoadImage(const char* path);  
bool clSaveImage(const char* path, ClImage* bmpImg);  
 
#endif
#include "bmp.h"  

ClImage* clLoadImage(const char* path)
{
	ClImage* bmpImg;
	FILE* pFile;
	unsigned short fileType;
	ClBitMapFileHeader bmpFileHeader;
	ClBitMapInfoHeader bmpInfoHeader;
	int channels = 1;
	int width = 0;
	int height = 0;
	int step = 0;
	int offset = 0;
	unsigned char pixVal;
	ClRgbQuad* quad;
	int i, j, k;

	bmpImg = (ClImage*)malloc(sizeof(ClImage));
	pFile = fopen(path, "rb");
	if (!pFile)
	{
		free(bmpImg);
		return NULL;
	}

	fread(&fileType, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, pFile);
	if (fileType == 0x4D42)
	{
		//printf("bmp file! \n");  

		fread(&bmpFileHeader, sizeof(ClBitMapFileHeader), 1, pFile);
		/*printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");
		printf("bmp文件头信息：\n");
		printf("文件大小：%d \n", bmpFileHeader.bfSize);
		printf("保留字：%d \n", bmpFileHeader.bfReserved1);
		printf("保留字：%d \n", bmpFileHeader.bfReserved2);
		printf("位图数据偏移字节数：%d \n", bmpFileHeader.bfOffBits);*/

		fread(&bmpInfoHeader, sizeof(ClBitMapInfoHeader), 1, pFile);
		/*printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");
		printf("bmp文件信息头\n");
		printf("结构体长度：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biSize);
		printf("位图宽度：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biWidth);
		printf("位图高度：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biHeight);
		printf("位图平面数：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biPlanes);
		printf("颜色位数：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biBitCount);
		printf("压缩方式：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biCompression);
		printf("实际位图数据占用的字节数：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biSizeImage);
		printf("X方向分辨率：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biXPelsPerMeter);
		printf("Y方向分辨率：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biYPelsPerMeter);
		printf("使用的颜色数：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biClrUsed);
		printf("重要颜色数：%d \n", bmpInfoHeader.biClrImportant);
		printf("\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\n");*/

		if (bmpInfoHeader.biBitCount == 8)
		{
			//printf("该文件有调色板，即该位图为非真彩色\n\n");  
			channels = 1;
			width = bmpInfoHeader.biWidth;
			height = bmpInfoHeader.biHeight;
			offset = (channels * width) % 4;
			if (offset != 0)
			{
				offset = 4 - offset;
			}
			//bmpImg->mat = kzCreateMat(height, width, 1, 0);  
			bmpImg->width = width;
			bmpImg->height = height;
			bmpImg->channels = 1;
			bmpImg->imageData = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * width * height);
			step = channels * width;

			quad = (ClRgbQuad*)malloc(sizeof(ClRgbQuad) * 256);
			fread(quad, sizeof(ClRgbQuad), 256, pFile);
			free(quad);

			for (i = 0; i < height; i++)
			{
				for (j = 0; j < width; j++)
				{
					fread(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
					bmpImg->imageData[(height - 1 - i) * step + j] = pixVal;
				}
				if (offset != 0)
				{
					for (j = 0; j < offset; j++)
					{
						fread(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		else if (bmpInfoHeader.biBitCount == 24)
		{
			//printf("该位图为位真彩色\n\n");  
			channels = 3;
			width = bmpInfoHeader.biWidth;
			height = bmpInfoHeader.biHeight;

			bmpImg->width = width;
			bmpImg->height = height;
			bmpImg->channels = 3;
			bmpImg->imageData = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * width * 3 * height);
			step = channels * width;

			offset = (channels * width) % 4;
			if (offset != 0)
			{
				offset = 4 - offset;
			}

			for (i = 0; i < height; i++)
			{
				for (j = 0; j < width; j++)
				{
					for (k = 0; k < 3; k++)
					{
						fread(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
						bmpImg->imageData[(height - 1 - i) * step + j * 3 + k] = pixVal;
					}
					//kzSetMat(bmpImg->mat, height-1-i, j, kzScalar(pixVal[0], pixVal[1], pixVal[2]));  
				}
				if (offset != 0)
				{
					for (j = 0; j < offset; j++)
					{
						fread(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		else if (bmpInfoHeader.biBitCount == 32)
		{
			//printf("该位图为位真彩色\n\n");  
			channels = 4;
			width = bmpInfoHeader.biWidth;
			height = bmpInfoHeader.biHeight;

			bmpImg->width = width;
			bmpImg->height = height;
			bmpImg->channels = 4;
			bmpImg->imageData = (unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char) * width * 4 * height);
			step = channels * width;

			offset = (channels * width) % 4;
			if (offset != 0)
			{
				offset = 4 - offset;
			}

			for (i = 0; i < height; i++)
			{
				for (j = 0; j < width; j++)
				{
					for (k = 0; k < 4; k++)
					{
						fread(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
						bmpImg->imageData[(height - 1 - i) * step + j * 4 + k] = pixVal;
					}
					//kzSetMat(bmpImg->mat, height-1-i, j, kzScalar(pixVal[0], pixVal[1], pixVal[2]));  
				}
				if (offset != 0)
				{
					for (j = 0; j < offset; j++)
					{
						fread(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return bmpImg;
}

bool clSaveImage(const char* path, ClImage* bmpImg)
{
	FILE* pFile;
	unsigned short fileType;
	ClBitMapFileHeader bmpFileHeader;
	ClBitMapInfoHeader bmpInfoHeader;
	int step;
	int offset;
	unsigned char pixVal = '\0';
	int i, j;
	ClRgbQuad* quad;

	pFile = fopen(path, "wb");
	if (!pFile)
	{
		return false;
	}

	fileType = 0x4D42;
	fwrite(&fileType, sizeof(unsigned short), 1, pFile);

	if (bmpImg->channels == 3)//24位，通道，彩图 
	{
		step = bmpImg->channels * bmpImg->width;
		offset = step % 4;
		if (offset != 4)
		{
			step += 4 - offset;
		}

		bmpFileHeader.bfSize = bmpImg->height * step + 54;
		bmpFileHeader.bfReserved1 = 0;
		bmpFileHeader.bfReserved2 = 0;
		bmpFileHeader.bfOffBits = 54;
		fwrite(&bmpFileHeader, sizeof(ClBitMapFileHeader), 1, pFile);

		bmpInfoHeader.biSize = 40;
		bmpInfoHeader.biWidth = bmpImg->width;
		bmpInfoHeader.biHeight = bmpImg->height;
		bmpInfoHeader.biPlanes = 1;
		bmpInfoHeader.biBitCount = 24;
		bmpInfoHeader.biCompression = 0;
		bmpInfoHeader.biSizeImage = bmpImg->height * step;
		bmpInfoHeader.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
		bmpInfoHeader.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
		bmpInfoHeader.biClrUsed = 0;
		bmpInfoHeader.biClrImportant = 0;
		fwrite(&bmpInfoHeader, sizeof(ClBitMapInfoHeader), 1, pFile);

		for (i = bmpImg->height - 1; i > -1; i--)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < bmpImg->width; j++)
			{
				pixVal = bmpImg->imageData[i * bmpImg->width * 3 + j * 3];
				fwrite(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
				pixVal = bmpImg->imageData[i * bmpImg->width * 3 + j * 3 + 1];
				fwrite(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
				pixVal = bmpImg->imageData[i * bmpImg->width * 3 + j * 3 + 2];
				fwrite(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
			}
			if (offset != 0)
			{
				for (j = 0; j < 4 - offset; j++)
				{
					pixVal = 0;
					fwrite(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	else if (bmpImg->channels == 1)//8位，单通道，灰度图 
	{
		step = bmpImg->width;
		offset = step % 4;
		if (offset != 4)
		{
			step += 4 - offset;
		}

		bmpFileHeader.bfSize = 54 + 256 * 4 + bmpImg->width;
		bmpFileHeader.bfReserved1 = 0;
		bmpFileHeader.bfReserved2 = 0;
		bmpFileHeader.bfOffBits = 54 + 256 * 4;
		fwrite(&bmpFileHeader, sizeof(ClBitMapFileHeader), 1, pFile);

		bmpInfoHeader.biSize = 40;
		bmpInfoHeader.biWidth = bmpImg->width;
		bmpInfoHeader.biHeight = bmpImg->height;
		bmpInfoHeader.biPlanes = 1;
		bmpInfoHeader.biBitCount = 8;
		bmpInfoHeader.biCompression = 0;
		bmpInfoHeader.biSizeImage = bmpImg->height * step;
		bmpInfoHeader.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
		bmpInfoHeader.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
		bmpInfoHeader.biClrUsed = 256;
		bmpInfoHeader.biClrImportant = 256;
		fwrite(&bmpInfoHeader, sizeof(ClBitMapInfoHeader), 1, pFile);

		quad = (ClRgbQuad*)malloc(sizeof(ClRgbQuad) * 256);
		for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
		{
			quad[i].rgbBlue = i;
			quad[i].rgbGreen = i;
			quad[i].rgbRed = i;
			quad[i].rgbReserved = 0;
		}
		fwrite(quad, sizeof(ClRgbQuad), 256, pFile);
		free(quad);

		for (i = bmpImg->height - 1; i > -1; i--)
		{
			for (j = 0; j < bmpImg->width; j++)
			{
				pixVal = bmpImg->imageData[i * bmpImg->width + j];
				fwrite(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
			}
			if (offset != 0)
			{
				for (j = 0; j < 4 - offset; j++)
				{
					pixVal = 0;
					fwrite(&pixVal, sizeof(unsigned char), 1, pFile);
				}
			}
		}
	}
	fclose(pFile);

	return true;
}

inline LONG BmpPitchCB(const BITMAPINFOHEADER* pFormat)
{
	return ((pFormat->biWidth * (pFormat->biBitCount >> 3) + 3) >> 2) << 2;
}

inline HRESULT SaveBmp(
	LPCTSTR			pFileName,
	const void* pBuf,
	LONG			lBuf_W,
	LONG			lBuf_H,
	LONG			lBuf_Bit,
	BOOL			bAlign)
{
	if (pBuf == NULL)
	{
		return E_INVALIDARG;
	}

	BITMAPFILEHEADER bfh;
	BITMAPINFOHEADER bih;

	memset(&bih, 0, sizeof(bih));
	bih.biSize = sizeof(bih);
	bih.biPlanes = 1;
	bih.biBitCount = (WORD)lBuf_Bit;
	bih.biWidth = lBuf_W;
	bih.biHeight = lBuf_H;
	bih.biSizeImage = BmpPitchCB(&bih) * abs(bih.biHeight);

	memset(&bfh, 0, sizeof(bfh));
	bfh.bfType = ((WORD)('M' << 8) | 'B');
	bfh.bfOffBits = 54;
	bfh.bfSize = 54 + bih.biSizeImage;

	// Correct the param
	// 
	if (bAlign == false)
	{
		if (bih.biSizeImage == (DWORD)bih.biWidth * bih.biBitCount * abs(bih.biHeight) / 8)
		{
			bAlign = true;
		}
	}
	//

	HANDLE hFile = NULL;
	do
	{
		hFile = CreateFile(
			pFileName,
			GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
			FILE_SHARE_READ,
			NULL,
			CREATE_ALWAYS,
			FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
			NULL);
		if (hFile == NULL || hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		{
			hFile = NULL;
			break;
		}

		DWORD dwWrited = 0;
		if (WriteFile(hFile, &bfh, sizeof(bfh), &dwWrited, NULL) == false)
		{
			break;
		}
		if (WriteFile(hFile, &bih, sizeof(bih), &dwWrited, NULL) == false)
		{
			break;
		}
		if (bAlign)
		{
			if (WriteFile(hFile, pBuf, bih.biSizeImage, &dwWrited, NULL) == false)
			{
				break;
			}
		}
		else
		{
			// bitmap format pitch
			// ...................................xxx for 32 bit aligned
			//
			const BYTE* pRow = static_cast<const BYTE*>(pBuf);
			const LONG   nRow = bih.biSizeImage / abs(bih.biHeight);

			LONG n = 0;
			for (n = abs(bih.biHeight); n > 1; n--)
			{
				if (!WriteFile(hFile, pRow, nRow, &dwWrited, NULL))
				{
					break;
				}
				pRow += bih.biWidth * bih.biBitCount / 8;
			}

			if (n != 1)
			{
				break;
			}

			if (!WriteFile(hFile, pRow, bih.biWidth * bih.biBitCount / 8, &dwWrited, NULL))
			{
				break;
			}
			LONG nPlus = nRow - bih.biWidth * bih.biBitCount / 8;
			if (nPlus > 0)
			{
				if (!WriteFile(hFile, pRow, nPlus, &dwWrited, NULL))
				{
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		CloseHandle(hFile);
		return S_OK;

	} while (false);

	if (hFile)
	{
		CloseHandle(hFile);
	}

	return E_FAIL;
}

测试：

#include "bmp.h"  
 
const char* fileName1 = "D:\\opencv_pic\\Lena.bmp";
const char* fileName2 = "D:\\opencv_pic\\Lena - 副本.bmp";
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[])  
{  
	ClImage* img = clLoadImage(fileName1);  
	bool flag = clSaveImage(fileName2, img);  
	if(flag)  
	{
		printf("save ok...\n");  
	}
	else
	{
		printf("save failure...\n");
	}
	return 0;  
}

 2024.5.20：更新读取RGBA和谐RGBA图片的函数

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