CHEM 100/100G Molecules that Changed the World 2020C/C++

Java Python CHEM 100/100G

SUMMER SCHOOL 2020

CHEMISTRY

Molecules that Changed the World

SECTION A: Answer QUESTION ONE

QUESTION ONE (answer ALL parts a-o):

(a)  Match these terms with their definition/description. Write the term that matches the description for each question number in your answer booklet.

.    atom

.    glyphosate

.    molecule

.    tin

i)         Smallest particle still characterising a chemical element.

ii)        The smallest unit of a chemical compound - a group of atoms chemically bonded together and acting as a unit.

iii)       What Napolean’s buttons were made of – in low temperatures convert from a metallic state to a powder.

iv)       A currently-used herbicide produced by Monsanto and sold as Round Up. (0.5 marks each, 2 marks total)

(b) DDT and Thalidomide are both molecules that many would argue “changed the world”. Choose ONE of these and briefly explain why it was so important to society and what human health issues and/or environmental impacts your chosen molecule has. (3 marks)

For parts (c)-(g) write the correct answer (A, B, C or D) in your answer booklet alongside the question number.

(c)   Which of these statements on bacteria is FALSE:

A: Bacteria have a cell wall

B: Bacteria reproduce quickly, through binary fission

C: Bacteria are more complex than animal cells

D: Bacteria can be divided into two types; Gram positive and Gram negative (1 mark)

(d) Natural products are compounds that are isolated from natural sources. Which of these are known sources for natural products:

A: Microbes

B: Flowers

C: Trees

D: All of the above (1 mark)

(e) After Alexander Fleming made the initial discovery of penicillin in 1928, he did not pursue further research on it, for what reason?

A: He discovered it was very unstable and did not believe an unstable compound would be of great clinical use

B: He discovered the mould broth he made (which contained penicillin) was toxic

C: He did not think his discovery was important or impactful

D: He did not think the world was ready for penicillin (1 mark)

(f)  Which of these statements on the development and use of penicillin is FALSE?

A: Florey and Chain were the first to develop a way to obtain enough penicillin to demonstrate its efficacy

B: American pharmaceutical companies developed techniques to produce large quantities of penicillin during World War 2

C: After the war, penicillin was unrestricted and could be brought over-the-counter D: Bacterial strains resistant to penicillin have only started occurring in the last 20  years (1 mark)

(g) Drawn below is the structure of&