SpringBoot集成RabbitMQ

• RabbitMQ基础
• RabbitMQ支持的消息模型

SpringBoot集成RabbitMQ

RabbitMQ官方提供的Java 客户端编码相对复杂，一般生产环境下我们更多会结合Spring 来使用。而Spring 的官方刚好基于RabbitMQ 提供了这样一套消息收发的模板工具SpringAMQP。并且还基于SpringBoot 对其实现了自动装配，使用起来非常方便。

SpringAmqp的官方地址：Spring AMQP

SpringAMQP提供了三个功能：

• 自动声明队列、交换机及其绑定关系
• 基于注解的监听器模式，异步接收消息
• 封装了RabbitTemplate工具，用于发送消息

一、搭建springBoot项目

包括三部分：

• mq-demo：父工程，管理项目依赖
• publisher：消息的发送者
• consumer：消息的消费者

在 mq-demo 这个父工程中，已经配置好了 SpringAMQP 相关的依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>mq-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>publisher</module>
        <module>consumer</module>
    </modules>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.12</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--AMQP依赖，包含RabbitMQ-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

二、消息发送

首先配置MQ 地址，在publisher 服务的application.yml 中添加配置：

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.137.120
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: 123456
    virtual-host: /
    connection-timeout: 600000

然后在publisher 服务中编写测试类SpringAmqpTest，并利用RabbitTemplate 实现消息发送：

package com.itheima.publisher;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringAmqpTest
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testSimpleQueue() {
        // 队列名称
        String queueName = "simple.queue";
        // 消息
        String message = "hello, spring amqp!";
        // 发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);
    }
}

启动生成者程序，测试是否能连接上MQ

注意：如果之前MQ 管理界面没有此队列，生成者程序启动成功之后，MQ 管理界面就不会显示创建的队列，主要是因为此时没有消费者，所以生成者不会产生队列。

三、消息接收

首先配置MQ 地址，在consumer 服务的application.yml 中添加配置：

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.137.120
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: 123456
    virtual-host: /
    connection-timeout: 600000

然后在consumer 服务的com.itheima.consumer.listener 包中新建一个类SpringRabbitListener， 代码如下：

package com.itheima.consumer.listener;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringRabbitListener
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {
    // 利用RabbitListener来声明要监听的队列信息
    // 将来一旦监听的队列中有了消息，就会推送给当前服务，调用当前方法，处理消息。
    // 可以看到方法体中接收的就是消息体的内容
    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "simple.queue"))
    public void listenSimpleQueueMessage(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("spring 消费者接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }
}

@RabbitListener 参数queuesToDeclare 表示如果此队列不存在，就会新建此队列。

四、测试

启动consumer 服务，然后在publisher 服务中运行测试代码，发送MQ 消息。最终consumer 收到消息：

问题解决

SpringBoot 连接RabbitMQ 时一直显示Socket Closed 或者An unexpected connection driver error occured，但是能正常访问Web管理台解决办法：网上查了好久才解决，我是因为修改过虚拟机的主机名导致的，

具体解决办法参考下面链接。
https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_44398687/article/details/115906743

五、work模型

让多个消费者绑定到一个队列，共同消费队列中的消息。

5.1、消息发送

这次循环发送，模拟大量消息堆积现象。在publisher 服务中的SpringAmqpTest 类中添加一个测试方法：

package com.itheima.publisher;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringAmqpTest
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testWorkQueue() {
        for(int i= 0;i<20;i++){
            // 队列名称
            String queueName = "work.queue";
            // 消息
            String message = "hello, work.queue!";
            // 发送消息
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message + i);
        }

    }
}

5.2、消息接收

要模拟多个消费者绑定同一个队列，我们在consumer服务的SpringRabbitListener 中添加2个新的方法：

package com.itheima.consumer.listener;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringRabbitListener
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {

    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "work.queue"))
    public void listenWorkQueueMessage1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }

    @RabbitListener(queuesToDeclare = @Queue(value = "work.queue"))
    public void listenWorkQueueMessage2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者2接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }
}

5.3、测试

启动ConsumerApplication 后，在执行publisher 服务中刚刚编写的发送测试方法testWorkQueue。最终结果如下：

    D:\environment\jdk8\bin\java.exe -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.jmx.enabled=true -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true "-javaagent:D:\software\Idea2020\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=59895:D:\software\Idea2020\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\project\lxproject\practice-code\mq-demo\consumer\target\classes;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.18.26\lombok-1.18.26.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-amqp\2.7.12\spring-boot-starter-amqp-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.7.12\spring-boot-starter-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.7.12\spring-boot-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.7.12\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.7.12\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.12\logback-classic-1.2.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.12\logback-core-1.2.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.17.2\log4j-to-slf4j-2.17.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.17.2\log4j-api-2.17.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.36\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.36.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.30\snakeyaml-1.30.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-messaging\5.3.27\spring-messaging-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.3.27\spring-beans-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\amqp\spring-rabbit\2.4.12\spring-rabbit-2.4.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\amqp\spring-amqp\2.4.12\spring-amqp-2.4.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\retry\spring-retry\1.3.4\spring-retry-1.3.4.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\com\rabbitmq\amqp-client\5.14.2\amqp-client-5.14.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.3.27\spring-context-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.3.27\spring-aop-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.3.27\spring-expression-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-tx\5.3.27\spring-tx-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-test\2.7.12\spring-boot-starter-test-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-test\2.7.12\spring-boot-test-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-test-autoconfigure\2.7.12\spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\com\jayway\jsonpath\json-path\2.7.0\json-path-2.7.0.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\net\minidev\json-smart\2.4.11\json-smart-2.4.11.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\net\minidev\accessors-smart\2.4.11\accessors-smart-2.4.11.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\ow2\asm\asm\9.3\asm-9.3.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.36\slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\jakarta\xml\bind\jakarta.xml.bind-api\2.3.3\jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.3.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\jakarta\activation\jakarta.activation-api\1.2.2\jakarta.activation-api-1.2.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\assertj\assertj-core\3.22.0\assertj-core-3.22.0.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest\2.2\hamcrest-2.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter\5.8.2\junit-jupiter-5.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-api\5.8.2\junit-jupiter-api-5.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\opentest4j\opentest4j\1.2.0\opentest4j-1.2.0.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\platform\junit-platform-commons\1.8.2\junit-platform-commons-1.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\apiguardian\apiguardian-api\1.1.2\apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-params\5.8.2\junit-jupiter-params-5.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-engine\5.8.2\junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\platform\junit-platform-engine\1.8.2\junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\mockito\mockito-core\4.5.1\mockito-core-4.5.1.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\net\bytebuddy\byte-buddy\1.12.23\byte-buddy-1.12.23.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\net\bytebuddy\byte-buddy-agent\1.12.23\byte-buddy-agent-1.12.23.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\objenesis\objenesis\3.2\objenesis-3.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\mockito\mockito-junit-jupiter\4.5.1\mockito-junit-jupiter-4.5.1.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\skyscreamer\jsonassert\1.5.1\jsonassert-1.5.1.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\com\vaadin\external\google\android-json\0.0.20131108.vaadin1\android-json-0.0.20131108.vaadin1.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.3.27\spring-core-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.3.27\spring-jcl-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-test\5.3.27\spring-test-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\xmlunit\xmlunit-core\2.9.1\xmlunit-core-2.9.1.jar com.itheima.consumer.ConsumerApplication

      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
    ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
     =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
     :: Spring Boot ::               (v2.7.12)

    11-30 20:52:57:985  INFO 26412 --- [           main] c.itheima.consumer.ConsumerApplication   : Starting ConsumerApplication using Java 1.8.0_251 on LAPTOP-HTHCCEQH with PID 26412 (D:\project\lxproject\practice-code\mq-demo\consumer\target\classes started by duanb in D:\project\lxproject\practice-code)
    11-30 20:52:57:986  INFO 26412 --- [           main] c.itheima.consumer.ConsumerApplication   : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
    11-30 20:52:58:828  INFO 26412 --- [           main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory       : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.137.120:5672]
    11-30 20:52:58:847  INFO 26412 --- [           main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory       : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#72a85671:0/SimpleConnection@37d80fe7 [delegate=amqp://admin@192.168.137.120:5672/, localPort= 59905]
    11-30 20:52:58:918  INFO 26412 --- [           main] c.itheima.consumer.ConsumerApplication   : Started ConsumerApplication in 1.201 seconds (JVM running for 1.982)
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!0】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!1】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!2】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!3】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!4】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!5】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!6】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!7】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!8】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!9】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!10】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!11】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!12】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!13】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!14】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!15】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!16】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!17】
    消费者2接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!19】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!18】

可以看到消费者1和消费者2竟然每人消费了10条消息，公平消费。能者多劳在Spring 中有一个简单的配置，可以解决这个问题。我们修改consumer 服务的application.yml 文件，添加配置：

logging:
  pattern:
    dateformat: MM-dd HH:mm:ss:SSS

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.137.120
    port: 5672
    username: admin
    password: 123456
    virtual-host: /
    connection-timeout: 600000
    listener:
      simple:
        prefetch: 1 # 每次只能获取一条消息，处理完成才能获取下一个消息

再次测试，发现结果如下：

    D:\environment\jdk8\bin\java.exe -XX:TieredStopAtLevel=1 -noverify -Dspring.output.ansi.enabled=always -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote -Dspring.jmx.enabled=true -Dspring.liveBeansView.mbeanDomain -Dspring.application.admin.enabled=true "-javaagent:D:\software\Idea2020\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=58943:D:\software\Idea2020\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\charsets.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\deploy.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\javaws.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\jce.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\jfr.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\jsse.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\plugin.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\resources.jar;D:\environment\jdk8\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\project\lxproject\practice-code\mq-demo\consumer\target\classes;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.18.26\lombok-1.18.26.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-amqp\2.7.12\spring-boot-starter-amqp-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.7.12\spring-boot-starter-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.7.12\spring-boot-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.7.12\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.7.12\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.12\logback-classic-1.2.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.12\logback-core-1.2.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.17.2\log4j-to-slf4j-2.17.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.17.2\log4j-api-2.17.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.36\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.36.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\jakarta\annotation\jakarta.annotation-api\1.3.5\jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.30\snakeyaml-1.30.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-messaging\5.3.27\spring-messaging-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.3.27\spring-beans-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\amqp\spring-rabbit\2.4.12\spring-rabbit-2.4.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\amqp\spring-amqp\2.4.12\spring-amqp-2.4.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\retry\spring-retry\1.3.4\spring-retry-1.3.4.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\com\rabbitmq\amqp-client\5.14.2\amqp-client-5.14.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.3.27\spring-context-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.3.27\spring-aop-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.3.27\spring-expression-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-tx\5.3.27\spring-tx-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-test\2.7.12\spring-boot-starter-test-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-test\2.7.12\spring-boot-test-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-test-autoconfigure\2.7.12\spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-2.7.12.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\com\jayway\jsonpath\json-path\2.7.0\json-path-2.7.0.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\net\minidev\json-smart\2.4.11\json-smart-2.4.11.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\net\minidev\accessors-smart\2.4.11\accessors-smart-2.4.11.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\ow2\asm\asm\9.3\asm-9.3.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.36\slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\jakarta\xml\bind\jakarta.xml.bind-api\2.3.3\jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.3.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\jakarta\activation\jakarta.activation-api\1.2.2\jakarta.activation-api-1.2.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\assertj\assertj-core\3.22.0\assertj-core-3.22.0.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\hamcrest\hamcrest\2.2\hamcrest-2.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter\5.8.2\junit-jupiter-5.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-api\5.8.2\junit-jupiter-api-5.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\opentest4j\opentest4j\1.2.0\opentest4j-1.2.0.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\platform\junit-platform-commons\1.8.2\junit-platform-commons-1.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\apiguardian\apiguardian-api\1.1.2\apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-params\5.8.2\junit-jupiter-params-5.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\jupiter\junit-jupiter-engine\5.8.2\junit-jupiter-engine-5.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\junit\platform\junit-platform-engine\1.8.2\junit-platform-engine-1.8.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\mockito\mockito-core\4.5.1\mockito-core-4.5.1.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\net\bytebuddy\byte-buddy\1.12.23\byte-buddy-1.12.23.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\net\bytebuddy\byte-buddy-agent\1.12.23\byte-buddy-agent-1.12.23.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\objenesis\objenesis\3.2\objenesis-3.2.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\mockito\mockito-junit-jupiter\4.5.1\mockito-junit-jupiter-4.5.1.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\skyscreamer\jsonassert\1.5.1\jsonassert-1.5.1.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\com\vaadin\external\google\android-json\0.0.20131108.vaadin1\android-json-0.0.20131108.vaadin1.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.3.27\spring-core-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.3.27\spring-jcl-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\springframework\spring-test\5.3.27\spring-test-5.3.27.jar;D:\environment\maven-repository\org\xmlunit\xmlunit-core\2.9.1\xmlunit-core-2.9.1.jar com.itheima.consumer.ConsumerApplication

      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
    ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
     =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
     :: Spring Boot ::               (v2.7.12)

    11-30 21:07:54:422  INFO 488 --- [           main] c.itheima.consumer.ConsumerApplication   : Starting ConsumerApplication using Java 1.8.0_251 on LAPTOP-HTHCCEQH with PID 488 (D:\project\lxproject\practice-code\mq-demo\consumer\target\classes started by duanb in D:\project\lxproject\practice-code)
    11-30 21:07:54:424  INFO 488 --- [           main] c.itheima.consumer.ConsumerApplication   : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
    11-30 21:07:55:322  INFO 488 --- [           main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory       : Attempting to connect to: [192.168.137.120:5672]
    11-30 21:07:55:341  INFO 488 --- [           main] o.s.a.r.c.CachingConnectionFactory       : Created new connection: rabbitConnectionFactory#297ea53a:0/SimpleConnection@1a15b789 [delegate=amqp://admin@192.168.137.120:5672/, localPort= 58952]
    11-30 21:07:55:401  INFO 488 --- [           main] c.itheima.consumer.ConsumerApplication   : Started ConsumerApplication in 1.257 seconds (JVM running for 2.047)
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!0】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!1】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!2】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!3】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!4】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!5】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!6】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!7】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!8】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!9】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!10】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!11】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!12】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!13】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!14】
    消费者1接收到消息：【hello, work.queue!15】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!16】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!17】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!18】
    消费者2接收到消息.............：【hello, work.queue!19】

能者多劳，这样充分利用每一个消费者的处理能力，可以有效避免消息积压问题。

六、fanout模型

广播，将消息交给所有绑定到交换机的队列。

6.1、消息发送

在publisher 服务的SpringAmqpTes 类中添加测试方法：

package com.itheima.publisher;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringAmqpTest
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    @Test
    public void testFanoutQueue() {
        // 队列名称
        String exchangeName = "logs";
        // 消息
        String message = "hello, fanout!";
        // 发送消息 参数1：交换机名称 参数2：路由key 参数3：消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "",message);



    }
}

6.2、消息接收

在consumer服务的SpringRabbitListener 中添加两个方法，作为消费者：

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, // 创建临时队列
                                         exchange = @Exchange(name="logs",type="fanout")  // 绑定交换机
                                        ))
public void listenFanoutQueueMessage1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
    System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, // 创建临时队列
                                         exchange = @Exchange(name="logs",type="fanout")  // 绑定交换机
                                        ))
public void listenFanoutQueueMessage2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
    System.out.println("消费者2接收到消息。。。。：【" + msg + "】");
}

6.3、测试

七、Direct

在某些场景下，我们希望不同的消息被不同的队列消费。这时就要用到Direct 类型的Exchange。

7.1、消息发送

在publisher 服务的SpringAmqpTest 类中添加测试方法：

package com.itheima.publisher;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringAmqpTest
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testDirectQueue() {
        // 队列名称
        String exchangeName = "logs";
        // 消息
        String message = "hello, fanout!";
        // 发送消息 参数1：交换机名称 参数2：路由key 参数3：消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "error",message);

    }
}

7.2、消息接收

在consumer 服务的SpringRabbitListener 中添加方法：

package com.itheima.consumer.listener;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringRabbitListener
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, // 创建临时队列
            key = {"info","error"},  //路由key
            exchange = @Exchange(name="logs",type="direct")  // 绑定交换机
    ))
    public void listenDirectQueueMessage1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, // 创建临时队列
            key = {"error"},  //路由key
            exchange = @Exchange(name="logs",type="direct")  // 绑定交换机
    ))
    public void listenDirectQueueMessage2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者2接收到消息。。。。：【" + msg + "】");
    }

}

7.3、测试

由于使用的error 这个key，所以两个消费者都收到了消息：

修改生成者的路由key，修改为info，查看测试结果。

八、topic交换机

8.1、消息发送

在publisher服务的SpringAmqpTest 类中添加测试方法：

package com.itheima.publisher;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringAmqpTest
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    @Test
    public void testTopicQueue() {
        // 队列名称
        String exchangeName = "topics";
        // 发送消息 参数1：交换机名称 参数2：路由key 参数3：消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "user.save.findAll","user.save.findAll的消息");


    }
}

8.2、消息接收

在consumer 服务的SpringRabbitListener 中添加方法：

package com.itheima.consumer.listener;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringRabbitListener
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, // 创建临时队列
            key = {"user.*"},  //路由key
            exchange = @Exchange(name="topics",type="topic")  // 绑定交换机
    ))
    public void listenTopicQueueMessage1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }

    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue, // 创建临时队列
            key = {"user.#"},  //路由key
            exchange = @Exchange(name="topics",type="topic")  // 绑定交换机
    ))
    public void listenTopicQueueMessage2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者2接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }

}

8.3、测试

九、测试默认转换器

9.1、创建测试队列

首先，在consumer服务中声明一个新的配置类。

在config包下，创建一个队列。

package com.itheima.consumer.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description MessageConfig
 * @since 2023/12/5
 */
@Configuration
public class MessageConfig {

    @Bean
    public Queue objectQueue(){
        return new Queue("object.queue");
    }
}

重启consumer服务以后，该队列就会被自动创建出来了。

9.2、发送消息

在publisher 模块的SpringAmqpTest 中新增一个消息发送的代码。发送一个map消息。

package com.itheima.publisher;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description SpringAmqpTest
 * @since 2023/11/29
 */
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testObjectQueue() {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("name","rabbitMq");
        map.put("version","3.8.30");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("object.queue",map);

    }
}

查看控制台

可以看到结果不是读取出来。

十、配置JSON 转换器

查看源码，发现rabbitMQ默认使用的是JDK序列化方式，由于JDK序列化的消息可读性差、消息太大等问题，所以要改变它的消息转换器，建议采用JSON序列化替代默认的JDK序列化。

在父工程的pom 中引入jackson 依赖，这样子工程就可以继承父工程的依赖。

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
  <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
  <version>2.10.3</version>
</dependency>

注意，如果项目中引入了 spring-boot-starter-web 依赖， 则无需再次引入Jackson依赖。

配置消息转换器，在 publisher 和 consumer 两个服务的配置包中， 新建rabbitmq 配置类，添加一个Bean 即可。

package com.itheima.publisher.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * @author db
 * @version 1.0
 * @description RabbitmqMessageConfig
 * @since 2023/12/5
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitmqMessageConfig {

    @Bean
    public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }
}

执行刚才的消息发送的代码，到MQ的控制台查看消息结构：

消费者接收Object

在consumer 中新建一个新的消费者，接受Map 格式的消息。

@RabbitListener(queues = "object.queue")
public void listenObjectMessage(Map<String,Object> msg) throws InterruptedException {
    System.out.println("消费者接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

代码地址：https://gitee.com/duan138/practice-code/tree/master/rabbitmq-java

十一、总结

通过以上配置即可在SpringBoot中初步集成RabbitMQ，并且改变消息转换器设置，使得消息更简洁易读，但是这只是简单的消息发送和接收，不能保证生成端发送的消息消费端一定能接收到，后续我们继续学习消息的可靠性投递等知识。

参考：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mN4y1Z7t9

---

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