zoj 3279 Ants (线段树单点更新)

Ants

Time Limit: 2 Seconds      Memory Limit: 32768 KB

echo is a curious and clever girl, and she is addicted to the ants recently.

She knows that the ants are divided into many levels depends on ability, also, she finds the number of each level will change.

Now, she will give two kinds of operations as follow :

First, "p a b", the number of ants in level a change to b.

Second, "q x", it means if the ant's ability is rank xth in all ants, what level will it in?

Input

There are multi-cases, and you should use EOF to check whether it is in the end of the input. The first line is an integer n, means the number of level. (1 <= n <= 100000). The second line follows n integers, the ith integer means the number in level i. The third line is an integer k, means the total number of operations. Then following k lines, each line will be "p a b" or "q x", and 1 <= x <= total ants, 1 <= a <= n, 0 <= b. What's more, the total number of ants won't exceed 2000000000 in any time.

Output

Output each query in order, one query each line.

Sample Input

3
1 2 3
3
q 2
p 1 2
q 2

Sample Output

2
1

Author: Lin, Yue
Source: ZOJ Monthly, December 2009

分析:每次更新的时候都递归到端点进行更新

当查询排名的 时候,左边的值大于等于所查排名就向左边搜,否则则向右边搜索,直到搜到叶子节点为止。

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int N=100000;
int sum=0;
int tr[4*N];
void PushUp(int i)
{
    tr[i]=tr[2*i]+tr[2*i+1];
}
void build(int i,int l,int r)
{
    if(l==r)
    {
        scanf("%d",&tr[i]);
        return;
    }
    int mid=(l+r)/2;
    build(2*i,l,mid);
    build(2*i+1,mid+1,r);
    PushUp(i);
}
void update(int i,int l,int r,int x,int c)
{
    if(l==r&&l==x)
    {
        tr[i]=c;
        return;
    }
    int mid=(l+r)/2;
    if(x<=mid) update(2*i,l,mid,x,c);
    else update(2*i+1,mid+1,r,x,c);
    PushUp(i);
}
int query(int i,int l,int r,int x)
{
    int c;
    if(l==r)
    {
        return l;
    }
    int mid=(l+r)/2;
    if(tr[i<<1]>=x) c=query(2*i,l,mid,x);
    else c=query(2*i+1,mid+1,r,x-tr[i<<1]);
    return c;
}
int main()
{
    int n,k,x,c;
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        build(1,1,n);
        scanf("%d",&k);
        for(int i=1;i<=k;i++)
        {
            char a[5];
            scanf("%s",a);
            if(a[0]=='q')
            {
                scanf("%d",&x);
                printf("%d\n",query(1,1,n,x));
            }
            else
            {
                scanf("%d%d",&x,&c);
                update(1,1,n,x,c);
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}


### ZOJ 1088 线段树 解题思路 #### 题目概述 ZOJ 1088 是一道涉及动态维护区间的经典问题。通常情况下,这类问题可以通过线段树来高效解决。题目可能涉及到对数组的区间修改以及单点查询或者区间查询。 --- #### 线段树的核心概念 线段树是一种基于分治思想的数据结构,能够快速处理区间上的各种操作,比如求和、最大值/最小值等。其基本原理如下: - **构建阶段**:通过递归方式将原数组划分为多个小区间,并存储在二叉树形式的节点中。 - **更新阶段**:当某一段区间被修改时,仅需沿着对应路径向下更新部分节点即可完成全局调整。 - **查询阶段**:利用懒惰标记(Lazy Propagation),可以在 $O(\log n)$ 时间复杂度内完成任意范围内的计算。 具体到本题,假设我们需要支持以下两种主要功能: 1. 对指定区间 `[L, R]` 执行某种操作(如增加固定数值 `val`); 2. 查询某一位置或特定区间的属性(如总和或其他统计量)。 以下是针对此场景设计的一种通用实现方案: --- #### 实现代码 (Python) ```python class SegmentTree: def __init__(self, size): self.size = size self.tree_sum = [0] * (4 * size) # 存储区间和 self.lazy_add = [0] * (4 * size) # 延迟更新标志 def push_up(self, node): """ 更新父节点 """ self.tree_sum[node] = self.tree_sum[2*node+1] + self.tree_sum[2*node+2] def build_tree(self, node, start, end, array): """ 构建线段树 """ if start == end: # 到达叶节点 self.tree_sum[node] = array[start] return mid = (start + end) // 2 self.build_tree(2*node+1, start, mid, array) self.build_tree(2*node+2, mid+1, end, array) self.push_up(node) def update_range(self, node, start, end, l, r, val): """ 区间更新 [l,r], 加上 val """ if l <= start and end <= r: # 当前区间完全覆盖目标区间 self.tree_sum[node] += (end - start + 1) * val self.lazy_add[node] += val return mid = (start + end) // 2 if self.lazy_add[node]: # 下传延迟标记 self.lazy_add[2*node+1] += self.lazy_add[node] self.lazy_add[2*node+2] += self.lazy_add[node] self.tree_sum[2*node+1] += (mid - start + 1) * self.lazy_add[node] self.tree_sum[2*node+2] += (end - mid) * self.lazy_add[node] self.lazy_add[node] = 0 if l <= mid: self.update_range(2*node+1, start, mid, l, r, val) if r > mid: self.update_range(2*node+2, mid+1, end, l, r, val) self.push_up(node) def query_sum(self, node, start, end, l, r): """ 查询区间[l,r]的和 """ if l <= start and end <= r: # 完全匹配 return self.tree_sum[node] mid = (start + end) // 2 res = 0 if self.lazy_add[node]: self.lazy_add[2*node+1] += self.lazy_add[node] self.lazy_add[2*node+2] += self.lazy_add[node] self.tree_sum[2*node+1] += (mid - start + 1) * self.lazy_add[node] self.tree_sum[2*node+2] += (end - mid) * self.lazy_add[node] self.lazy_add[node] = 0 if l <= mid: res += self.query_sum(2*node+1, start, mid, l, r) if r > mid: res += self.query_sum(2*node+2, mid+1, end, l, r) return res def solve(): import sys input = sys.stdin.read data = input().split() N, Q = int(data[0]), int(data[1]) # 数组大小 和 操作数量 A = list(map(int, data[2:N+2])) # 初始化数组 st = SegmentTree(N) st.build_tree(0, 0, N-1, A) idx = N + 2 results = [] for _ in range(Q): op_type = data[idx]; idx += 1 L, R = map(int, data[idx:idx+2]); idx += 2 if op_type == 'Q': # 查询[L,R]的和 result = st.query_sum(0, 0, N-1, L-1, R-1) results.append(result) elif op_type == 'U': # 修改[L,R]+X X = int(data[idx]); idx += 1 st.update_range(0, 0, N-1, L-1, R-1, X) print("\n".join(map(str, results))) solve() ``` --- #### 关键点解析 1. **初始化与构建**:在线段树创建过程中,需要遍历输入数据并将其映射至对应的叶子节点[^1]。 2. **延迟传播机制**:为了优化性能,在执行批量更新时不立即作用于所有受影响区域,而是记录更改意图并通过后续访问逐步生效[^2]。 3. **时间复杂度分析**:由于每层最多只访问两个子树分支,因此无论是更新还是查询都维持在 $O(\log n)$ 范围内[^3]。 ---
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