261. Graph Valid Tree

本文介绍了一种使用Union-Find算法来判断一组无向边是否构成有效树的方法。通过实现Quick-Union算法,确保了图中不存在环且所有节点都是连通的。文中提供了一个具体的解决方案,并通过示例展示了算法的工作原理。

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Problem

Given n nodes labeled from 0 to n - 1 and a list of undirected edges (each edge is a pair of nodes), write a function to check whether these edges make up a valid tree.

For example:

Given n = 5 and edges = [[0, 1], [0, 2], [0, 3], [1, 4]], return true.

Given n = 5 and edges = [[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 3], [1, 4]], return false.

Show Hint

    Note: you can assume that no duplicate edges will appear in edges. Since all edges are undirected, [0, 1] is the same as [1, 0] and thus will not appear together inedges.

    Solution 


    想到union find 就好办了。

    实现 union - find , 有两种实现方式,quick-union 和 quick-find ( 参看 这里 )
    quick-union 实现比较简单 : 初始化大小为n, default value  = -1的数组 arr,    arr[ i ]= j 就表示 i 的父节点是  j  ,
    这样如果两个数字的父节点相同就说明在同一个union里; 参考下图





    Solution

    class Solution {
        
        int find(const vector<int>& arr, int e){
            if(arr[e] == -1){
                return e;
            }
            return find(arr, arr[e]);
        }
    public:
        bool validTree(int n, vector<pair<int, int>>& edges) {
            
            vector<int> root(n, -1);
            for( auto edge : edges){
                int set1 = find(root, edge.first);
                int set2 = find(root, edge.second);
                if(set1 == set2) 
                     return false;
                root[set1] = set2;
            }
            return edges.size() == n -1; // <span style="color:#ff0000;">buggy 不能简单的return true. e.g. edge太少,没能连通。</span>
        }
    };



    D:\workview\box1\.venv\Scripts\python.exe "D:\workview\box1\专业 - 年级分布桑基图与堆叠柱状图.py" Traceback (most recent call last): File "D:\workview\box1\专业 - 年级分布桑基图与堆叠柱状图.py", line 132, in <module> plot_major_sankey() File "D:\workview\box1\专业 - 年级分布桑基图与堆叠柱状图.py", line 54, in plot_major_sankey fig = go.Figure(go.Sankey( ^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\graph_objs\_sankey.py", line 955, in __init__ self._set_property("node", arg, node) File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 4422, in _set_property _set_property_provided_value(self, name, arg, provided) File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 398, in _set_property_provided_value obj[name] = val ~~~^^^^^^ File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 4944, in __setitem__ self._set_compound_prop(prop, value) File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 5355, in _set_compound_prop val = validator.validate_coerce(val, skip_invalid=self._skip_invalid) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\_plotly_utils\basevalidators.py", line 2489, in validate_coerce v = self.data_class(v, skip_invalid=skip_invalid, _validate=_validate) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\graph_objs\sankey\_node.py", line 684, in __init__ self._process_kwargs(**dict(arg, **kwargs)) File "D:\workview\box1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\plotly\basedatatypes.py", line 4470, in _process_kwargs raise err ValueError: Invalid property specified for object of type plotly.graph_objs.sankey.Node: 'font' Did you mean "line"? Valid properties: align Sets the alignment method used to position the nodes along the horizontal axis. color Sets the `node` color. It can be a single value, or an array for specifying color for each `node`. If `node.color` is omitted, then the default `Plotly` color palette will be cycled through to have a variety of colors. These defaults are not fully opaque, to allow some visibility of what is beneath the node. colorsrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `color`. customdata Assigns extra data to each node. customdatasrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `customdata`. groups Groups of nodes. Each group is defined by an array with the indices of the nodes it contains. Multiple groups can be specified. hoverinfo Determines which trace information appear when hovering nodes. If `none` or `skip` are set, no information is displayed upon hovering. But, if `none` is set, click and hover events are still fired. hoverlabel :class:`plotly.graph_objects.sankey.node.Hoverlabel` instance or dict with compatible properties hovertemplate Template string used for rendering the information that appear on hover box. Note that this will override `hoverinfo`. Variables are inserted using %{variable}, for example "y: %{y}" as well as %{xother}, {%_xother}, {%_xother_}, {%xother_}. When showing info for several points, "xother" will be added to those with different x positions from the first point. An underscore before or after "(x|y)other" will add a space on that side, only when this field is shown. Numbers are formatted using d3-format's syntax %{variable:d3-format}, for example "Price: %{y:$.2f}". https://github.com/d3/d3-format/tree/v1.4.5#d3-format for details on the formatting syntax. Dates are formatted using d3-time-format's syntax %{variable|d3-time-format}, for example "Day: %{2019-01-01|%A}". https://github.com/d3/d3-time- format/tree/v2.2.3#locale_format for details on the date formatting syntax. The variables available in `hovertemplate` are the ones emitted as event data described at this link https://plotly.com/javascript/plotlyjs-events/#event- data. Additionally, every attributes that can be specified per-point (the ones that are `arrayOk: true`) are available. Variables `sourceLinks` and `targetLinks` are arrays of link objects.Finally, the template string has access to variables `value` and `label`. Anything contained in tag `<extra>` is displayed in the secondary box, for example "<extra>{fullData.name}</extra>". To hide the secondary box completely, use an empty tag `<extra></extra>`. hovertemplatesrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `hovertemplate`. label The shown name of the node. labelsrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `label`. line :class:`plotly.graph_objects.sankey.node.Line` instance or dict with compatible properties pad Sets the padding (in px) between the `nodes`. thickness Sets the thickness (in px) of the `nodes`. x The normalized horizontal position of the node. xsrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `x`. y The normalized vertical position of the node. ysrc Sets the source reference on Chart Studio Cloud for `y`. Did you mean "line"? Bad property path: font ^^^^ 进程已结束,退出代码为 1
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    06-26
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