如何建立一个 MECE 框架？

1. 理论

你觉得你这个结构 ME 不 MECE ？

MECE = Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive 相互独立，完全穷尽
MECE发音：“mee-see.”

Why：Combining these two elements will enable you to take a large amount of information and simplify it into multiple groups of separate and distinct ideas.
What：MECE is a principle used by management consulting firms to describe a way of organizing information.
The MECE principle suggests that to understand and fix any large problem, you need to understand your options by sorting them into categories that are: Mutually Exclusive– Items can only fit into one category at a time and Collectively Exhaustive – All items can fit into one of the categories.

MECE is a systematic problem-solving framework that helps to solve complex problems. It can help you eliminate confusion and focus on key data that points the way toward success.

In case interviews, the MECE principle is a valuable tool for creating management consulting firms that break down complicated problems into basic components you can evaluate and help you get to the root of the problem. Thinking this way is useful because it helps you avoid duplication and clarifies your options for resolving the problem.

How：（five principles:）
1、The Small Elements of a Set Cannot Overlap
2、The Sum of Parts Must Equal the Whole Group
3、Small Elements Must Parallel One Another
4、You Should Always Leverage the Magic of Three

The “Rule of Three” describes the fact that sets of three items tend to be memorable and intuitive.

5、Look Out for Logical Errors and Inconsistencies

2. 案例

2.1 例子：管理咨询

1、The Profitability Framework
与其它的案例面试问题不同，Profitability 是一种十分高效且精确的方法，用于解析盈利问题的根本。

盈利框架的每一步都基于 MECE 思维：

• First, profits are broken down into revenues and costs.
• Then, revenues are broken down into volume and price per unit (PPU).
• Costs are broken down into fixed costs and variable costs.
• Variable costs can be further broken down into volume and cost per unit.

In this case, the “operation” involves questioning items to try to find the source of the decline in profit.

The profitability framework, in particular, is helpful because it demonstrates how multiple data sets within your MECE analysis can be applied to a problem.

2.2 应用：案例面试

面对案例面试的问题，你首先要做的就是给出一个 high-level 的回答，这个回答要以一种易于理解的方式组织起来。

Let’s say that the interviewer asks you, “How can this company grow?”

Here are some possible ways to organize your answer to that question:

• Products/Services – Existing vs. New
• Customers – Existing vs. New
• Distribution Channels – Existing vs. New

3. MECE构思方案

3.1 传统框架：大分类

• 3C战略三角
  
• 波特五力

• 等等

这些方法适合在前期制定出一个整体框架。
对于每个case下的小问题，则需要其它的框架（非典型框架）来进行分析

3.2 非典型框架：小分类

这里的小分类，最常用的是正反框架，比如：

• external 和 internal（外部的和内部的）
• qualitative 和 quantitative （定量的和定性的）
• …

通过以上方法，从大分类再到小分类，就会让框架显得非常MECE而且有层次逻辑感。

剩下来的就是不断地练习，用在日常生活中：

In terms of practicing your MECE skills, use the framework in everyday life as much as possible.

参考：

1. MECE (Mutually Exclusive Collectively Exhaustive)
2. 咨询面试｜如何建立一个MECE的框架⁉️