多模态模型终极指南:一文掌握2025最新进展,从入门到精通,收藏这篇就够了!

3DThinker:视觉语言模型的三维空间理解新突破 视觉语言模型(VLMs)作为多模态AI的核心技术,正在从二维图像理解向三维空间认知演进。其核心原理是通过特征对齐和潜在空间学习,将二维视觉特征映射到三维表征空间。这项技术的工程价值在于,它无需依赖外部3D标注数据或几何编码器,仅通过常规二维图像就能实现端到端的三维理解。在自动驾驶环境感知、AR/VR空间锚定等场景中,具备三维心理建模能力的模型可以更准确地推断物体背面特征、判断动态空间关系。3DThinker通过创新的两阶段训练框架(监督学习+强化学习),首次让VLMs获得了类似人类的'脑补'三维空间能力,在 阅读详情

我们从2025-10-20到2025-10-24的246篇文章中精选出10篇优秀的工作分享给读者,主要研究方向包括:元数据支持的自动驾驶问答, 多模态语言模型的越狱攻击, 多模态全身动作生成, 多说话人对话理解, 大模型视觉-语言-动作集成, 大规模数据集构建与图像编辑, 视觉搜索在多模态大语言模型中的表现, 医疗多模态大语言模型的主动检索推理, 3D空间推理, 视频字幕模型的指令遵循能力

  1. Robust Driving QA through Metadata-Grounded Context and Task-Specific Prompts
  2. Beyond Text: Multimodal Jailbreaking of Vision-Language and Audio Models through Perceptually Simple Transformations
  3. OmniMotion-X: Versatile Multimodal Whole-Body Motion Generation
  4. M3-SLU: Evaluating Speaker-Attributed Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models
  5. GigaBrain-0: A World Model-Powered Vision-Language-Action Model
  6. Pico-Banana-400K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Text-Guided Image Editing
  7. I Spy With My Model’s Eye: Visual Search as a Behavioural Test for MLLMs
  8. Proactive Reasoning-with-Retrieval Framework for Medical Multimodal Large Language Models
  9. Think with 3D: Geometric Imagination Grounded Spatial Reasoning from Limited Views
  10. IF-VidCap: Can Video Caption Models Follow Instructions?

1.Robust Driving QA through Metadata-Grounded Context and Task-Specific Prompts

Authors: Seungjun Yu, Junsung Park, Youngsun Lim, Hyunjung Shim

Affiliations: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19001

论文摘要

We present a two-phase vision-language QA system for autonomous driving that answers high-level perception, prediction, and planning questions. In Phase-1, a large multimodal LLM (Qwen2.5-VL-32B) is conditioned on six-camera inputs, a short temporal window of history, and a chain-of-thought prompt with few-shot exemplars. A self-consistency ensemble (multiple sampled reasoning chains) further improves answer reliability. In Phase-2, we augment the prompt with nuScenes scene metadata (object annotations, ego-vehicle state, etc.) and category-specific question instructions (separate prompts for perception, prediction, planning tasks). In experiments on a driving QA benchmark, our approach significantly outperforms the baseline Qwen2.5 models. For example, using 5 history frames and 10-shot prompting in Phase-1 yields 65.1% overall accuracy (vs.62.61% with zero-shot); applying self-consistency raises this to 66.85%. Phase-2 achieves 67.37% overall. Notably, the system maintains 96% accuracy under severe visual corruption. These results demonstrate that carefully engineered prompts and contextual grounding can greatly enhance high-level driving QA with pretrained vision-language models.

论文简评: 该论文提出了一种用于自动驾驶的视觉-语言问答系统,通过元数据支持的上下文和任务特定提示来提高问答系统的可靠性。动机在于现有的视觉-语言模型在处理开放式驾驶问答时容易产生幻觉和偏见。方法上,论文设计了两阶段的系统:第一阶段使用多模态大模型结合多视角相机输入和历史帧进行推理,并通过自一致性策略提高答案可靠性;第二阶段通过场景元数据和任务特定的提示来增强输入。实验结果表明,该方法在驾驶问答基准上显著优于现有基线模型,并在严重视觉损坏下仍保持高准确率,表明经过精心设计的提示和上下文可以大大增强预训练视觉-语言模型在高层次驾驶问答中的表现。

2.Beyond Text: Multimodal Jailbreaking of Vision-Language and Audio Models through Perceptually Simple Transformations

Authors: Divyanshu Kumar, Shreyas Jena, Nitin Aravind Birur, Tanay Baswa, Sahil Agarwal, Prashanth Harshangi

Affiliations: Enkrypt AI

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.20223

论文摘要

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, yet remain critically vulnerable to adversarial attacks that exploit weaknesses in cross-modal processing. We present a systematic study of multimodal jailbreaks targeting both vision-language and audio-language models, showing that even simple perceptual transformations can reliably bypass state-of-the-art safety filters. Our evaluation spans 1,900 adversarial prompts across three high-risk safety categories harmful content, CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear), and CSEM (Child Sexual Exploitation Material) tested against seven frontier models. We explore the effectiveness of attack techniques on MLLMs, including FigStep-Pro (visual keyword decomposition), Intelligent Masking (semantic obfuscation), and audio perturbations (Wave-Echo, Wave-Pitch, Wave-Speed). The results reveal severe vulnerabilities: models with almost perfect text-only safety (0% ASR) suffer >75% attack success under perceptually modified inputs, with FigStep-Pro achieving up to 89% ASR in Llama-4 variants. Audio-based attacks further uncover provider-specific weaknesses, with even basic modality transfer yielding 25% ASR for technical queries. These findings expose a critical gap between text-centric alignment and multimodal threats, demonstrating that current safeguards fail to generalize across cross-modal attacks. The accessibility of these attacks, which require minimal technical expertise, suggests that robust multimodal AI safety will require a paradigm shift toward broader semantic-level reasoning to mitigate possible risks.

论文简评: 这篇论文探讨了多模态大型语言模型(MLLMs)在面对越狱攻击时的脆弱性,尤其是在视觉-语言和音频-语言模型中的表现。研究动机在于当前的安全机制主要针对文本,无法有效应对跨模态的攻击。作者通过系统研究,展示了简单的感知转换如何绕过最先进的安全过滤器,评估了1,900个对抗性提示,涉及有害内容、CBRN和CSEM三大类。实验结果表明,虽然文本安全性几乎完美,但在感知转换输入下,攻击成功率超过75%,最高可达89%。这些发现揭示了现有安全措施在跨模态攻击中的不足,强调了需要在语义层面上进行更广泛的推理,以减轻潜在风险。

3.OmniMotion-X: Versatile Multimodal Whole-Body Motion Generation

Authors: Guowei Xu, Yuxuan Bian, Ailing Zeng, Mingyi Shi, Shaoli Huang, Wen Li, Lixin Duan, Qiang X

Affiliations: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; The University of Hong Kong; Tencent; Independent Researcher

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19789

论文摘要

This paper introduces OmniMotion-X, a versatile multimodal framework for whole-body human motion generation, leveraging an autoregressive diffusion transformer in a unified sequence-to-sequence manner. OmniMotion-X efficiently supports diverse multimodal tasks, including text-to-motion, music-to-dance, speech-to-gesture, and global spatial-temporal control scenarios (e.g., motion prediction, in-betweening, completion, and joint/trajectory-guided synthesis), as well as flexible combinations of these tasks. Specifically, we propose the use of reference motion as a novel conditioning signal, substantially enhancing the consistency of generated content, style, and temporal dynamics crucial for realistic animations. To handle multimodal conflicts, we introduce a progressive weak-to-strong mixed-condition training strategy. To enable high-quality multimodal training, we construct OmniMoCap-X, the largest unified multimodal motion dataset to date, integrating 28 publicly available MoCap sources across 10 distinct tasks, standardized to the SMPL-X format at 30 fps. To ensure detailed and consistent annotations, we render sequences into videos and use GPT-4o to automatically generate structured and hierarchical captions, capturing both low-level actions and high-level semantics. Extensive experimental evaluations confirm that OmniMotion-X significantly surpasses existing methods, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance across multiple multimodal tasks and enabling the interactive generation of realistic, coherent, and controllable long-duration motions.

论文简评: 这篇论文提出了OmniMotion-X,一个用于全身动作生成的多模态框架,结合了自回归扩散变压器以支持文本到动作、音乐到舞蹈、语音到手势等多种任务。通过引入参考动作作为条件信号,OmniMotion-X显著提高了生成内容的一致性和动态表现。作者还构建了OmniMoCap-X,这是一个整合了28个公开MoCap源的多模态动作数据集,旨在提高训练质量。实验结果显示,OmniMotion-X在多个多模态任务中表现优异,能够生成真实、连贯且可控的长时动作。

4.M3-SLU: Evaluating Speaker-Attributed Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models

Authors: Yejin Kwon, Taewoo Kang, Hyunsoo Yoon, Changouk Kim

Affiliations: Yonsei University

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19358

论文摘要

We present M3-SLU, a new multimodal large language model (MLLM) benchmark for evaluating multi-speaker, multi-turn spoken language understanding. While recent models show strong performance in speech and text comprehension, they still struggle with speaker-attributed reasoning, the ability to understand who said what and when in natural conversations. M3-SLU is built from four open corpora (CHiME-6, MELD, MultiDialog, and AMI) and comprises over 12,000 validated instances with paired audio, transcripts, and metadata. It includes two tasks: (1) Speaker-Attributed Question Answering and (2) Speaker Attribution via Utterance Matching. We provide baseline results for both cascaded pipelines and end-to-end MLLMs, evaluated using an LLM-as-Judge and accuracy metrics. Results show that while models can capture what was said, they often fail to identify who said it, revealing a key gap in speaker-aware dialogue understanding. M3-SLU offers as a challenging benchmark to advance research in speaker-aware multimodal understanding.

论文简评: 这篇论文提出了一个新的多模态大语言模型基准M3-SLU,用于评估多说话人多轮次的口语理解。动机在于现有模型虽然在语音和文本理解上表现良好,但在识别说话人方面仍存在困难。M3-SLU包含从四个开放语料库构建的12,000多个实例,任务包括说话人属性问答和通过话语匹配进行说话人归属。实验表明,现有模型在理解对话内容方面表现尚可,但在识别说话人上仍有显著差距,揭示了多说话人理解的关键挑战。

5.GigaBrain-0: A World Model-Powered Vision-Language-Action Model

Authors: GigaBrain Team, Angen Ye, Boyuan Wang, Chaojun Ni, Guan Huang, Guosheng Zhao, Haoyun Li, Jie Li, Jiagang Zhu, Lv Feng, Peng Li, Qiuping Deng, Runqi Ouyang, Wenkang Qin, Xinze Chen, Xiaofeng Wang, Yang Wang, Yifan Li, Yilong Li, Yiran Ding, Yuan Xu, Yun Ye, Yukun Zhou, Zhehao Dong, Zhenan Wang , et al. (2 additional authors not shown)

Affiliations: GigaAI

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19430

论文摘要

Training Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models for generalist robots typically requires large-scale real-world robot data, which is expensive and time-consuming to collect. The inefficiency of physical data collection severely limits the scalability, and generalization capacity of current VLA systems. To address this challenge, we introduce GigaBrain-0, a novel VLA foundation model empowered by world model-generated data (e.g., video generation, real2real transfer, human transfer, view transfer, sim2real transfer data). By leveraging world models to generate diverse data at scale, GigaBrain-0 significantly reduces reliance on real robot data while improving cross-task generalization. Our approach further improves policy robustness through RGBD input modeling and embodied Chain-of-Thought (CoT) supervision, enabling the model to reason about spatial geometry, object states, and long-horizon dependencies during task execution. This leads to substantial gains in real-world performance on dexterous, long-horizon, and mobile manipulation tasks. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GigaBrain-0 achieves superior generalization across variations in appearances (e.g., textures, colors), object placements, and camera viewpoints. Additionally, we present GigaBrain-0-Small, an optimized lightweight variant designed to run efficiently on devices such as the NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin.

论文简评: 这篇论文探讨了训练通用机器人所需的视觉-语言-动作模型(VLA)的数据收集瓶颈。论文提出了GigaBrain-0,这是一种利用世界模型生成数据的VLA基础模型,旨在减少对真实机器人数据的依赖并提高任务泛化能力。通过使用合成数据和增强的RGBD输入建模,该模型展示了在多样化环境中的优异表现,尤其是在长时间和复杂操作任务中。此外,GigaBrain-0-Small的提出展示了其在低功耗设备上的有效性。整体实验结果表明,该方法在外观变化、物体放置和摄像机视角变化的条件下表现优异。

6.Pico-Banana-400K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Text-Guided Image Editing

Authors: Yusu Qian, Eli Bocek-Rivele, Liangchen Song, Jialing Tong, Yinfei Yang, Jiasen Lu, Wenze Hu, Zhe Gan

Affiliations: Apple

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19808

论文摘要

Recent advances in multimodal models have demonstrated remarkable text-guided image editing capabilities, with systems like GPT-4o and Nano-Banana setting new benchmarks. However, the research community’s progress remains constrained by the absence of large-scale, high-quality, and openly accessible datasets built from real images. We introduce Pico-Banana-400K, a comprehensive 400K-image dataset for instruction-based image editing. Our dataset is constructed by leveraging Nano-Banana to generate diverse edit pairs from real photographs in the OpenImages collection. What distinguishes Pico-Banana-400K from previous synthetic datasets is our systematic approach to quality and diversity. We employ a fine-grained image editing taxonomy to ensure comprehensive coverage of edit types while maintaining precise content preservation and instruction faithfulness through MLLM-based quality scoring and careful curation. Beyond single turn editing, Pico-Banana-400K enables research into complex editing scenarios. The dataset includes three specialized subsets: (1) a 72K-example multi-turn collection for studying sequential editing, reasoning, and planning across consecutive modifications; (2) a 56K-example preference subset for alignment research and reward model training; and (3) paired long-short editing instructions for developing instruction rewriting and summarization capabilities. By providing this large-scale, high-quality, and task-rich resource, Pico-Banana-400K establishes a robust foundation for training and benchmarking the next generation of text-guided image editing models.

论文简评: 这篇论文介绍了一个名为Pico-Banana-400K的大规模数据集,旨在解决现有图像编辑数据集缺乏高质量、多样性以及可共享性的问题。通过利用先进的多模态大模型和自动化质量控制方法,作者构建了一个涵盖35种编辑类型的约40万例的图像编辑数据集。实验结果表明,该数据集在全局风格化变换上表现良好,但在精细几何布局和排版上仍存在挑战。此数据集为未来图像编辑模型的开发提供了丰富的训练资源。

7.I Spy With My Model’s Eye: Visual Search as a Behavioural Test for MLLMs

Authors: John Burden, Jonathan Prunty, Ben Slater, Matthieu Tehenan, Greg Davis, Lucy Cheke

Affiliations: University of Cambridge

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.19678

论文摘要

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve strong performance on vision-language tasks, yet their visual processing is opaque. Most black-box evaluations measure task accuracy, but reveal little about underlying mechanisms. Drawing on cognitive psychology, we adapt classic visual search paradigms – originally developed to study human perception – to test whether MLLMs exhibit the pop-out effect, where salient visual features are detected independently of distractor set size. Using controlled experiments targeting colour, size and lighting features, we find that advanced MLLMs exhibit human-like pop-out effects in colour or size-based disjunctive (single feature) search, as well as capacity limits for conjunctive (multiple feature) search. We also find evidence to suggest that MLLMs, like humans, incorporate natural scene priors such as lighting direction into object representations. We reinforce our findings using targeted fine-tuning and mechanistic interpretability analyses. Our work shows how visual search can serve as a cognitively grounded diagnostic tool for evaluating perceptual capabilities in MLLMs.
论文简评: 这篇论文研究了多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)在视觉处理中的不透明性,动机在于通过视觉搜索实验揭示这些模型的内部机制。采用经典的视觉搜索范式,作者设计了实验以测试MLLMs是否展现类似于人类的“pop-out”效应。实验结果显示,先进的MLLMs在颜色或大小为基础的搜索中表现出人类般的“pop-out”效应,但在需要整合多个特征的搜索中表现出能力限制。论文通过针对性微调和机制解释分析强化了这些发现,证明视觉搜索可以作为评估MLLMs感知能力的工具。

8.Proactive Reasoning-with-Retrieval Framework for Medical Multimodal Large Language Models

Authors: Lehan Wang, Yi Qin, Honglong Yang, Xiaomeng Li

Affiliations: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18303

论文摘要

Incentivizing the reasoning ability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is essential for medical applications to transparently analyze medical scans and provide reliable diagnosis. However, existing medical MLLMs rely solely on internal knowledge during reasoning, leading to hallucinated reasoning and factual inaccuracies when encountering cases beyond their training scope. Although recent Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods elicit the medical model’s proactive retrieval ability during reasoning, they are confined to unimodal LLMs, neglecting the crucial visual information during reasoning and retrieval. Consequently, we propose the first Multimodal Medical Reasoning-with-Retrieval framework, Med-RwR, which actively retrieves external knowledge by querying observed symptoms or domain-specific medical concepts during reasoning. Specifically, we design a two-stage reinforcement learning strategy with tailored rewards that stimulate the model to leverage both visual diagnostic findings and textual clinical information for effective retrieval. Building on this foundation, we further propose a Confidence-Driven Image Re-retrieval (CDIR) method for test-time scaling when low prediction confidence is detected. Evaluation on various public medical benchmarks demonstrates Med-RwR’s significant improvements over baseline models, proving the effectiveness of enhancing reasoning capabilities with external knowledge integration. Furthermore, Med-RwR demonstrates remarkable generalizability to unfamiliar domains, evidenced by 8.8% performance gain on our proposed EchoCardiography Benchmark (ECBench), despite the scarcity of echocardiography data in the training corpus. Our data, model, and codes will be made publicly available at https://github.com/xmed-lab/Med-RwR.

论文简评: 这篇论文的动机在于提升医疗多模态大语言模型(MLLMs)的推理能力,以便更好地分析医学影像并提供可靠的诊断。传统的医疗MLLMs在推理时仅依赖内部知识,可能导致虚构的推理和事实错误。为解决此问题,作者提出了一个多模态医学推理与检索框架(MED-RWR),通过查询外部知识来增强推理过程。具体来说,论文设计了一种两阶段的强化学习策略,激励模型结合视觉和文本信息进行检索。实验结果表明,MED-RWR在多个公共医疗基准测试上表现优于基线模型,并在数据稀缺的领域(如超声心动图)显示出显著的泛化能力。

9.Think with 3D: Geometric Imagination Grounded Spatial Reasoning from Limited Views

Authors: Zhangquan Chen, Manyuan Zhang, Xinlei Yu, Xufang Luo, Mingze Sun, Zihao Pan, Yan Feng, Peng Pei, Xunliang Cai, Ruqi Huang

Affiliations: Tsinghua University; Meituan; National University of Singapore

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18632

论文摘要

Though recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across a wide range of multimodal tasks, understanding 3D spatial relationships from limited views remains a significant challenge. Previous reasoning methods typically rely on pure text (e.g., topological cognitive maps) or on 2D visual cues. However, their limited representational capacity hinders performance in specific tasks that require 3D spatial imagination. To address this limitation, we propose 3DThinker, a framework that can effectively exploits the rich geometric information embedded within images while reasoning, like humans do. Our framework is the first to enable 3D mentaling during reasoning without any 3D prior input, and it does not rely on explicitly labeled 3D data for training. Specifically, our training consists of two stages. First, we perform supervised training to align the 3D latent generated by VLM while reasoning with that of a 3D foundation model (e.g., VGGT). Then, we optimize the entire reasoning trajectory solely based on outcome signals, thereby refining the underlying 3D mentaling. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmarks show that 3DThinker consistently outperforms strong baselines and offers a new perspective toward unifying 3D representations into multimodal reasoning. Our code will be available at https://github.com/zhangquanchen/3DThinker.

论文简评: 这篇论文探讨了在有限视角下进行3D空间推理的挑战,并提出了一个名为3DThinker的新框架。3DThinker通过利用视觉语言模型中的3D潜在表示进行推理,无需依赖显式标注的3D数据。该方法包括两个训练阶段:首先通过监督学习将3D潜在特征对齐,然后通过强化学习优化推理轨迹。实验结果表明,3DThinker在多个基准测试中均优于现有的强基线模型,并展示了将3D表示统一到多模态推理中的新视角。

10.IF-VidCap: Can Video Caption Models Follow Instructions?

Authors: Shihao Li, Yuanxing Zhang, Jiangtao Wu, Zhide Lei, Yiwen He, Runzhe Wen, Chenxi Liao, Chengkang Jiang, An Ping, Shuo Gao, Suhan Wang, Zhaozhou Bian, Zijun Zhou, Jingyi Xie, Jiayi Zhou, Jing Wang, Yifan Yao, Weihao Xie, Yingshui Tan, Yanghai Wang, Qianqian Xie, Zhaoxiang Zhang, Jiaheng Li

Affiliations: Nanjing University; Kuaishou Technology; Shanghai University; CASIA; M-A-P

https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.18726

论文摘要

Although Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in video captioning, practical applications require captions that follow specific user instructions rather than generating exhaustive, unconstrained descriptions. Current benchmarks, however, primarily assess descriptive comprehensiveness while largely overlooking instruction-following capabilities. To address this gap, we introduce IF-VidCap, a new benchmark for evaluating controllable video captioning, which contains 1,400 high-quality samples. Distinct from existing video captioning or general instruction-following benchmarks, IF-VidCap incorporates a systematic framework that assesses captions on two dimensions: format correctness and content correctness. Our comprehensive evaluation of over 20 prominent models reveals a nuanced landscape: despite the continued dominance of proprietary models, the performance gap is closing, with top-tier open-source solutions now achieving near-parity. Furthermore, we find that models specialized for dense captioning underperform general-purpose MLLMs on complex instructions, indicating that future work should simultaneously advance both descriptive richness and instruction-following fidelity.

论文简评: 该论文提出了IF-VidCap,一个新的基准,用于评估视频字幕模型在遵循复杂指令时的表现。动机在于现有的多模态大语言模型虽然在视频描述任务中表现良好,但在遵循细粒度指令方面仍存在显著差距。通过引入1,400条包含27种不同约束类型的指令,IF-VidCap测试了多种模型的能力,结果显示闭源模型通常优于开源模型。该研究还开发了一种新的训练数据集,并通过微调增强了模型的指令遵循能力。实验结果表明,IF-Captioner-Qwen在ISR和CSR指标上显著优于基础模型,验证了新基准和方法的有效性。


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深度学习工具包Deprecation notice.-----This toolbox is outdated and no longer maintained.There are much better tools available for deep learning than this toolbox, e.g. [Theano](http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/), [torch](http://torch.ch/) or [tensorflow](http://www.tensorflow.org/)I would suggest you use one of the tools mentioned above rather than use this toolbox.Best, Rasmus.DeepLearnToolbox================A Matlab toolbox for Deep Learning.Deep Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning deep hierarchical models of data.It is inspired by the human brain's apparent deep (layered, hierarchical) architecture.A good overview of the theory of Deep Learning theory is[Learning Deep Architectures for AI](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~bengioy/papers/ftml_book.pdf)For a more informal introduction, see the following videos by Geoffrey Hinton and Andrew Ng.* [The Next Generation of Neural Networks](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M) (Hinton, 2007)* [Recent Developments in Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdIURAu1-aU) (Hinton, 2010)* [Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmNOAtZIgIk) (Ng, 2011)If you use this toolbox in your research please cite [Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data](http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6284)```@MASTERSTHESIS\{IMM2012-06284, author = "R. B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012",}```Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot comDirectories included in the toolbox-----------------------------------`NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks`CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks`DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks`SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders`CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders`util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries`data/` - Data used by the examples`tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is workingFor references on each library check REFS.mdSetup-----1. Download.2. addpath(genpath('DeepLearnToolbox'));Example: Deep Belief Network---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_DBNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit RBM and visualize its weightsrand('state',0)dbn.sizes = [100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);figure; visualize(dbn.rbm{1}.W'); % Visualize the RBM weights%% ex2 train a 100-100 hidden unit DBN and use its weights to initialize a NNrand('state',0)%train dbndbn.sizes = [100 100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);%unfold dbn to nnnn = dbnunfoldtonn(dbn, 10);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';%train nnopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.10, 'Too big error');```Example: Stacked Auto-Encoders---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_SAEload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x)/255;test_x = double(test_x)/255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit SDAE and use it to initialize a FFNN% Setup and train a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE)rand('state',0)sae = saesetup([784 100]);sae.ae{1}.activation_function = 'sigm';sae.ae{1}.learningRate = 1;sae.ae{1}.inputZeroMaskedFraction = 0.5;opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;sae = saetrain(sae, train_x, opts);visualize(sae.ae{1}.W{1}(:,2:end)')% Use the SDAE to initialize a FFNNnn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';nn.learningRate = 1;nn.W{1} = sae.ae{1}.W{1};% Train the FFNNopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.16, 'Too big error');```Example: Convolutional Neural Nets---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_CNNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255;test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255;train_y = double(train_y');test_y = double(test_y');%% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network %will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. %With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% errorrand('state',0)cnn.layers = { struct('type', 'i') %input layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer};cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y);opts.alpha = 1;opts.batchsize = 50;opts.numepochs = 1;cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y);%plot mean squared errorfigure; plot(cnn.rL);assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error');```Example: Neural Networks---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_NNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);% normalize[train_x, mu, sigma] = zscore(train_x);test_x = normalize(test_x, mu, sigma);%% ex1 vanilla neural netrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples[nn, L] = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.08, 'Too big error');%% ex2 neural net with L2 weight decayrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.weightPenaltyL2 = 1e-4; % L2 weight decayopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex3 neural net with dropoutrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.dropoutFraction = 0.5; % Dropout fraction opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex4 neural net with sigmoid activation functionrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; % Sigmoid activation functionnn.learningRate = 1; % Sigm require a lower learning rateopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex5 plotting functionalityrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]);opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through datann.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex6 neural net with sigmoid activation and plotting of validation and training error% split training data into training and validation datavx = train_x(1:10000,:);tx = train_x(10001:end,:);vy = train_y(1:10000,:);ty = train_y(10001:end,:);rand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")

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