ArrayList.add(index, element)失败,都是size的误解

本文详细解析了在使用ArrayList时遇到的插入问题,通过深入分析源代码,揭示了size与容量的区别,并提供了解决方案。

在使用ArrayList时遇到一个很愚蠢的问题,想在大小为10的ArrayList的第5个位置插入10,结果抛异常。代码示例如下

ArrayList<Integer> arr=new ArrayList<Integer>(10);
arr.add(5, 10);

异常为
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 5, Size: 0
	at java.util.ArrayList.rangeCheckForAdd(ArrayList.java:643)
	at java.util.ArrayList.add(ArrayList.java:455)
很是郁闷,明明初始化了大小为10的空间,跑出的异常却告诉我size为0。好吧,只能直接点进去看源代码了。版本1.7

public void add(int index, E element) {
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);

        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
                         size - index);
        elementData[index] = element;
        size++;
    }
add方法,从异常看,是rangeCheckForAdd(index);这行,点进去,为rangeCheckForAdd(int index)这个函数

private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
        if (index > size || index < 0)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
    }

最终抛出去的异常内容来源为:

private String outOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
        return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size;
    }

这就是开始那个异常 Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Index: 5, Size: 0   

接下来只能看Size为啥为0了,源代码:

/**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;
貌似真相大白了,size只是此ArrayList所包含的元素个数,不是它的容量大小。

那么怎么办呢?看ArrayList的带参数构造函数

public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        super();
        if (initialCapacity < 0)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
    }

所以在构造函数里,根本就没有对size进行操作赋值,所以size == 0。但是在add时他又强制检查。所以只好都add一遍,让size递增,然后去从新set这个值:
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  arr.add(0);
}
arr.set(5, 10);

但是有没有感觉这种方法很愚蠢呢?

还是本来ArrayList就不适合做这种直接插入的操作吧!还没有直接用数组操作方便。






那你现在看看代码,有没有照着你总结的最终方案修改,然后看还有没有需要优化的建议,以下是代码 首先是java代码:package com.hghg.rbbj; import android.content.SharedPreferences; import android.os.Build; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Handler; import android.speech.tts.TextToSpeech; import android.speech.tts.UtteranceProgressListener; import android.util.Log; import android.view.View; import android.webkit.JavascriptInterface; import android.webkit.WebSettings; import android.webkit.WebView; import android.webkit.WebViewClient; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import java.io.InputStream; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.UUID; import java.util.regex.Pattern; import org.json.JSONArray; import org.json.JSONObject; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; private WebView mWebView; private TextToSpeech tts; private boolean isSpeaking = false; private boolean isPaused = false; private int currentSentenceIndex = 0; private int currentCharIndex = 0; private String[] sentences; private String fullOriginalText; private List<NodeInfo> nodeInfoList = new ArrayList<>(); private final Handler handler = new Handler(); private SharedPreferences sharedPreferences; private boolean isTTSInitialized = false; private int[][] sentencePositions; // 在类顶部声明 @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("TTSPreferences", MODE_PRIVATE); loadProgress(); initTextToSpeech(); setupWebView(); loadWebContent("file:///android_asset/index.html"); setupButtons(); } private void setupWebView() { mWebView = findViewById(R.id.mWebView); WebSettings settings = mWebView.getSettings(); settings.setJavaScriptEnabled(true); settings.setDomStorageEnabled(true); settings.setAllowFileAccess(true); settings.setAllowContentAccess(true); if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) { settings.setAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs(true); } mWebView.addJavascriptInterface(new TextNodeInterface(), "TextNodeInterface"); mWebView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient() { @Override public void onPageFinished(WebView view, String url) { // 注入高亮工具函数 injectHighlightHelper(); // 延迟采集文本节点 handler.postDelayed(() -> collectTextNodes(), 1000); } }); } private void injectHighlightHelper() { String helperJs = "(function() {" + "if (window.createHighlightAtNodeByText) return;" + // 防止重复注入 "window.createHighlightAtNodeByText = function(targetText, localStart, localEnd) {" + " var walker = document.createTreeWalker(document.body, NodeFilter.SHOW_TEXT, null);" + " var node;" + " while (node = walker.nextNode()) {" + " if (node.nodeType !== Node.TEXT_NODE || !node.parentNode || node.parentNode.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE && ['SCRIPT','STYLE'].includes(node.parentNode.tagName)) continue;" + " if (node.textContent.includes(targetText)) {" + " var text = node.textContent;" + " var before = text.substring(0, localStart);" + " var middle = text.substring(localStart, localEnd);" + " var after = text.substring(localEnd);" + " var parent = node.parentNode;" + " parent.innerHTML = '';" + " parent.appendChild(document.createTextNode(before));" + " var mark = document.createElement('mark');" + " mark.className = 'highlight';" + " mark.style.backgroundColor = 'yellow';" + " mark.style.color = 'black';" + " mark.style.padding = '2px';" + // 或者添加类名以便 CSS 控制 " mark.classList.add('tts-highlight');"+ " mark.textContent = middle;" + " parent.appendChild(mark);" + " parent.appendChild(document.createTextNode(after));" + " return;" + " }" + " }" + "};" + "})();"; mWebView.evaluateJavascript(helperJs, null); } private void collectTextNodes() { loadJsFromAssets("collect_text_nodes.js"); // 确保这个JS存在assets中 } private void loadJsFromAssets(String fileName) { try { InputStream is = getAssets().open(fileName); byte[] buffer = new byte[is.available()]; is.read(buffer); is.close(); String jsCode = new String(buffer, StandardCharsets.UTF_8); mWebView.evaluateJavascript(jsCode, null); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "加载JS失败: " + fileName, e); Toast.makeText(this, "脚本加载失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } private void splitSentences(String rawText) { String filteredText = rawText.replaceAll("[\\r\\n]+", "\n").trim(); List<String> sentenceList = new ArrayList<>(); List<int[]> positionList = new ArrayList<>(); // 存储 [start, end] String[] paragraphs = filteredText.split("\\n\\s*\\n|\\r\\n\\s*\\r\\n"); Pattern sentenceEnd = Pattern.compile("[。.!??!]"); int globalPos = 0; for (String para : paragraphs) { para = para.trim(); if (para.isEmpty()) { globalPos += 1; // 跳过段落分隔符 continue; } int last = 0; java.util.regex.Matcher matcher = sentenceEnd.matcher(para); while (matcher.find()) { String sentence = para.substring(last, matcher.end()).trim(); if (!sentence.isEmpty()) { int startInFull = globalPos + last; int endInFull = globalPos + matcher.end(); sentenceList.add(sentence); positionList.add(new int[]{startInFull, endInFull}); } last = matcher.end(); } if (last < para.length()) { String remaining = para.substring(last).trim(); if (!remaining.isEmpty()) { int startInFull = globalPos + last; int endInFull = globalPos + para.length(); sentenceList.add(remaining); positionList.add(new int[]{startInFull, endInFull}); } } globalPos += para.length() + 1; // 包括换行符占位 } sentences = sentenceList.toArray(new String[0]); sentencePositions = positionList.toArray(new int[0][]); // 新增字段 Log.d(TAG, "共分割出 " + sentences.length + " 个句子"); } private void highlightInOriginalText(int globalStart, int globalEnd) { Log.d(TAG, "高亮范围: [" + globalStart + ", " + globalEnd + ")"); if (fullOriginalText == null || globalStart >= globalEnd || globalEnd > fullOriginalText.length()) { return; } List<HighlightRange> ranges = findRangesInNodes(globalStart, globalEnd); if (ranges.isEmpty()) { Log.w(TAG, "未找到匹配节点进行高亮"); return; } StringBuilder js = new StringBuilder(); js.append("(function() {"); js.append(" var oldMarks = document.querySelectorAll('mark.highlight');") .append(" oldMarks.forEach(function(m) {") .append(" var p = m.parentNode;") .append(" p.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(m.textContent), m);") .append(" p.normalize();") .append(" });"); for (HighlightRange range : ranges) { String escapedText = escapeJsString(range.node.text.substring(range.startInNode, range.endInNode)); js.append(String.format( "createHighlightAtNodeByText('%s', %d, %d);", escapedText, range.startInNode, range.endInNode )); } js.append(" setTimeout(function(){") .append(" var h = document.querySelector('mark.highlight');") .append(" if(h)h.scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth',block:'center'});") .append(" }, 50);"); js.append("})();"); mWebView.evaluateJavascript(js.toString(), null); } private List<HighlightRange> findRangesInNodes(int start, int end) { List<HighlightRange> result = new ArrayList<>(); for (NodeInfo node : nodeInfoList) { int ns = node.start; int ne = node.start + node.text.length(); if (end <= ns || start >= ne) continue; int ls = Math.max(0, start - ns); int le = Math.min(node.text.length(), end - ns); if (ls < le) { result.add(new HighlightRange(node, ls, le)); } } return result; } private String escapeJsString(String s) { return s.replace("\\", "\\\\") .replace("'", "\\'") .replace("\"", "\\\"") .replace("\n", "\\n") .replace("\r", "\\r") .replace("\t", "\\t"); } private void speakFromCurrentPosition() { if (sentences == null || currentSentenceIndex >= sentences.length) { stopSpeaking(); return; } String sentence = sentences[currentSentenceIndex].trim(); if (sentence.isEmpty()) { currentSentenceIndex++; handler.postDelayed(this::speakFromCurrentPosition, 50); return; } // ✅ 直接使用预计算的位置,不再依赖 indexOf int[] range = sentencePositions[currentSentenceIndex]; int highlightStart = range[0] + currentCharIndex; int highlightEnd = range[1]; // 注意:end 是闭区间之后的位置 highlightInOriginalText(highlightStart, highlightEnd); String toSpeak = sentence.substring(currentCharIndex); Bundle params = new Bundle(); String utteranceId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); params.putCharSequence(TextToSpeech.Engine.KEY_PARAM_UTTERANCE_ID, utteranceId); int status = tts.speak(toSpeak, TextToSpeech.QUEUE_FLUSH, params, utteranceId); if (status == TextToSpeech.ERROR) { Log.e(TAG, "TTS 播放错误"); } } private void setupButtons() { Button speakButton = findViewById(R.id.speakButton); speakButton.setOnClickListener(v -> { if (isPaused && currentSentenceIndex < sentences.length) { isPaused = false; isSpeaking = true; speakFromCurrentPosition(); } else { startSpeaking(); } }); Button pauseButton = findViewById(R.id.pauseButton); pauseButton.setOnClickListener(v -> { if (isSpeaking) { tts.stop(); isSpeaking = false; isPaused = true; } }); Button stopButton = findViewById(R.id.stopButton); stopButton.setOnClickListener(v -> stopSpeaking()); } private void startSpeaking() { if (sentences == null || sentences.length == 0) { Toast.makeText(this, "尚未加载文本内容", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } isSpeaking = true; isPaused = false; currentCharIndex = 0; speakFromCurrentPosition(); } private void stopSpeaking() { if (tts != null) { tts.stop(); } isSpeaking = false; isPaused = false; currentCharIndex = 0; saveProgress(); removeHighlight(); } private void removeHighlight() { mWebView.evaluateJavascript("(function(){" + "var ms=document.querySelectorAll('mark.highlight');" + "ms.forEach(m=>{m.parentNode.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(m.textContent),m);});" + "})()", null); } private void saveProgress() { SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit(); editor.putInt("currentSentenceIndex", currentSentenceIndex); editor.putInt("currentCharIndex", currentCharIndex); editor.apply(); } private void loadProgress() { currentSentenceIndex = sharedPreferences.getInt("currentSentenceIndex", 0); currentCharIndex = sharedPreferences.getInt("currentCharIndex", 0); } private void initTextToSpeech() { tts = new TextToSpeech(this, status -> { if (status == TextToSpeech.SUCCESS) { isTTSInitialized = true; setUtteranceProgressListener(); } else { Toast.makeText(this, "TTS初始化失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } private void setUtteranceProgressListener() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) { tts.setOnUtteranceProgressListener(new UtteranceProgressListener() { @Override public void onStart(String utteranceId) {} @Override public void onDone(String utteranceId) { handler.post(() -> { currentSentenceIndex++; currentCharIndex = 0; if (currentSentenceIndex < sentences.length) { speakFromCurrentPosition(); } else { isSpeaking = false; saveProgress(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "朗读完成", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } @Override public void onError(String utteranceId) {} }); } } @Override protected void onDestroy() { if (tts != null) { tts.stop(); tts.shutdown(); } super.onDestroy(); } // --- 数据类 --- public static class NodeInfo { String text; int start; NodeInfo(String text, int start) { this.text = text; this.start = start; } } public static class HighlightRange { NodeInfo node; int startInNode, endInNode; HighlightRange(NodeInfo node, int start, int end) { this.node = node; this.startInNode = start; this.endInNode = end; } } // --- JS 接口 --- public class TextNodeInterface { @JavascriptInterface public void onTextNodesCollected(String fullText, String nodeInfoJson) { runOnUiThread(() -> { if (fullText == null || fullText.trim().isEmpty()) { Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "未提取到有效文本", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } fullOriginalText = fullText; nodeInfoList.clear(); try { JSONArray arr = new JSONArray(nodeInfoJson); for (int i = 0; i < arr.length(); i++) { JSONObject obj = arr.getJSONObject(i); String text = obj.getString("text"); int start = obj.getInt("start"); nodeInfoList.add(new NodeInfo(text, start)); } Log.d(TAG, "✅ 成功解析 " + nodeInfoList.size() + " 个文本节点"); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "解析 nodeInfo 失败", e); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "结构解析失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); return; } splitSentences(fullOriginalText); }); } } private void loadWebContent(String url) { mWebView.loadUrl(url); } @Override public void onBackPressed() { if (mWebView.canGoBack()) { mWebView.goBack(); } else { super.onBackPressed(); } }} 接着是 js代码:// collect_text_nodes.js (function() { var textNodes = []; var fullText = ''; function traverse(node) { if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) { var text = node.textContent; if (text && text.trim().length > 0) { textNodes.push({ text: text, start: fullText.length }); fullText += text; } } else if (node.nodeType === Node.ELEMENT_NODE) { var tag = node.tagName.toLowerCase(); if (tag !== 'script' && tag !== 'style' && tag !== 'noscript') { for (var i = 0; i < node.childNodes.length; i++) { traverse(node.childNodes[i]); } } } } // 更丰富的主内容区域探测 var containerSelectors = [ '#content', '.content', '#main', '.main', '.article', '.post-body', '[role="main"]', 'main', '.entry-content' ]; var container = null; for (var i = 0; i < containerSelectors.length; i++) { var el = document.querySelector(containerSelectors[i]); if (el) { container = el; break; } } if (!container) container = document.body; traverse(container); // 处理 iframe(仅同源) var iframes = document.getElementsByTagName('iframe'); for (var i = 0; i < iframes.length; i++) { try { var iframeWin = iframes[i].contentWindow; var iframeDoc = iframes[i].contentDocument || iframeWin.document; if (iframeDoc && iframeDoc.body) { traverse(iframeDoc.body); } } catch (e) { console.warn("无法访问 iframe (跨域?):", iframes[i].src); } } // 回调 Java try { if (typeof window.TextNodeInterface !== 'undefined') { window.TextNodeInterface.onTextNodesCollected(fullText, JSON.stringify(textNodes)); } else { console.error("❌ 未注册 TextNodeInterface,请检查 addJavascriptInterface"); } } catch (e) { console.error("❌ 回传数据失败:", e); } console.log("✅ collect_text_nodes.js 执行完成,文本节点数:", textNodes.length, ", 总长度:", fullText.length); })();
最新发布
10-15
### Java ArrayList.add() 方法的元素添加位置 在 Java 中,`ArrayList.add(E e)` 方法会将指定的元素追加到集合的末尾[^1]。这意味着新添加的元素总是位于当前集合中最后一个元素之后。如果需要将元素插入到集合的前面或其他特定位置,则可以使用 `ArrayList.add(int index, E element)` 方法,该方法允许在指定索引处插入元素,并将原有元素向后移动。 以下是一个简单的代码示例展示 `ArrayList.add(E e)` 的行为: ```java import java.util.ArrayList; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add("A"); // 添加到末尾 list.add("B"); // 添加到末尾 list.add("C"); // 添加到末尾 System.out.println(list); // 输出: [A, B, C] } } ``` 如果使用 `ArrayList.add(int index, E element)` 方法,则可以控制元素的插入位置: ```java import java.util.ArrayList; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add("A"); list.add("B"); list.add(0, "X"); // 在索引 0 处插入 System.out.println(list); // 输出: [X, A, B] } } ``` 需要注意的是,`ArrayList.add(E e)` 不会覆盖已有元素,而是在集合末尾追加新元素[^2]。如果出现覆盖现象,通常是由于逻辑错误或引用了相同的对象实例导致的[^4]。 ### 性能注意事项 当使用 `ArrayList.add(int index, E element)` 方法时,若插入位置不是集合末尾,则会涉及数组元素的移动操作,这可能导致性能开销增加,尤其是在大规模数据集上[^3]。 #### 示例代码:插入元素到中间位置 ```java import java.util.ArrayList; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add("A"); list.add("B"); list.add("D"); list.add(2, "C"); // 在索引 2 处插入 "C" System.out.println(list); // 输出: [A, B, C, D] } } ```
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