STM32标准库串口发送与接收（基础版）

最新推荐文章于 2025-09-19 15:44:31 发布

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CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#stm32 #单片机 #嵌入式硬件 #mcu #c语言

本文介绍了如何在C语言中使用STM32的USART1进行串口初始化，包括设置GPIO、配置波特率和模式，以及提供发送和接收函数示例。主函数中演示了如何发送数据和处理接收数据的中断。

Step1、串口初始化函数

void SerialPort_Init(void)
{
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE);
	RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);
	
	GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;
	GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;
	GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);
	
	USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 9600;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;
	USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;
	USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure);
	
	USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);
	
	NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);
	
	NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;
	NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;
	NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);
	
	USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE);
}

Step2、串口发送函数

void SendArr(uint16_t * Arr, uint16_t Size) {
	for (uint16_t i = 0; i < Size; i++) {
		USART_SendData(USART1, *(Arr + i));
		while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	}
}
void SendStr(char * Str) {
	for(uint8_t i = 0; *(Str + i) != '\0'; i++) {
		USART_SendData(USART1, *(Str + i));
		while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
	}
}

Step3、串口接收函数

void USART1_IRQHandler(void) {//以接收包头为0xff包尾为0xee载荷数据4位为例
	static uint8_t myindex = 0;
	static uint8_t flag = 0;
	if (USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) == SET) {
		uint16_t RxData = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);
		if(flag == 0 && RxData == Packetheader) {//验证包头
			flag = 1;
		}
		else if(flag == 1) {
			RxDataPack[myindex++] = RxData;
			while(myindex == Capacity) {
				flag = 2;
				myindex = 0;
			}
		}
		else if(flag == 2 && RxData == Packettail) {//验证包尾
			flag = 0;
			RxFlag = RXSET;//置位
		}
		USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE);
	}
}

Step4、主函数

int main(){
	SerialPort_Init();
	uint16_t arr[] = {0xff, 0x22, 0x33, 0x88, 0x66, 0xee};
	SendArr(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(uint16_t));
//  SendStr("hello world\r\n");//验证串口发送接口
	while(1){
		if(RxFlag == RXSET)//串口接收完毕
			SendArr(RxDataPack, sizeof(RxDataPack) / sizeof(uint16_t));
			RxFlag = RXRESET;
	}
}

Step5、封装

#define Capacity 4//载荷数据数量
#define Packetheader 0xff//自定义包头
#define Packettail 0xee//自定义包尾

typedef enum {
	RXSET,
	RXRESET
}Rx;
Rx RxFlag = RXRESET;

uint16_t RxDataPack[Capacity];