题目描述:
Given a non-empty array of integers, return the k most frequent elements.
For example,
Given [1,1,1,2,2,3]
and k = 2, return [1,2]
.
Note:
- You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ number of unique elements.
- Your algorithm's time complexity must be better than O(n log n), where n is the array's size.
求数组中出现次数前k个数,时间复杂度要小于O(nlogn)。为求出现次数最大的k个数,必须按次数进行排序,所以先用哈希表统计每个值的出现次数,时间复杂度O(n),然后维护一个长度为k的优先队列,出现次数越小越靠近队首,当队列长度为k时,每push一个值就pop一个值,由于优先队列是由堆实现,每次排序的时间复杂度为O(logk),所以总时间复杂度O(nlogk)。
class comp{
public:
bool operator()(pair<int,int> a,pair<int,int> b)
{
return a.second>b.second;
}
};
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> topKFrequent(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
unordered_map<int,int> hash;
for(int i=0;i<nums.size();i++)
{
if(hash.count(nums[i])==0) hash[nums[i]]=1;
else hash[nums[i]]++;
}
priority_queue<pair<int,int>,vector<pair<int,int>>,comp> q;
unordered_map<int,int>::iterator it=hash.begin();
while(it!=hash.end())
{
pair<int,int> temp;
temp.first=it->first;
temp.second=it->second;
q.push(temp);
if(q.size()>k) q.pop();
it++;
}
vector<int> result;
while(!q.empty())
{
result.push_back(q.top().first);
q.pop();
}
return result;
}
};