How Modal Windows Work

本文介绍了模态窗口及其会话机制在应用程序中的实现方式。模态窗口限制了用户的交互,确保用户必须完成特定任务才能继续操作。文章还讨论了两种运行模态窗口的方法:一种是简单的垄断事件循环;另一种是在执行长时间操作的同时发送事件到模态窗口。

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How Modal Windows Work

You can make a whole window or panel run in application-modal fashion, using the application’s normal event loop machinery but restricting input to the modal window or panel. Modal operation is useful for windows and panels that require the user’s attention before an action can proceed. Examples include error messages and warnings, as well as operations that require input, such as open dialogs, or dialogs that apply to multiple windows.

There are two mechanisms for operating an application-modal window or panel. The first, and simpler, is to invoke the runModalForWindow: method of NSApplication, which monopolizes events for the specified window until one of stopModalabortModal, or stopModalWithCode: is invoked, typically by a button’s action method. The stopModal method ends the modal status of the window or panel from within the event loop. It doesn’t work if invoked from a method invoked by a timer or by a distributed object because those mechanisms operate outside of the event loop. To terminate the modal loop in these situations, you can use abortModal. The stopModal method is typically invoked when the user clicks the OK button (or equivalent), abortModal when the user clicks the Cancel button (or presses the Escape key). These two methods are equivalent to stopModalWithCode: with the appropriate argument.

The second mechanism for operating a modal window or panel, called a modal session, allows the application to perform a long operation while it still sends events to the window or panel. Modal sessions are particularly useful for panels that allow the user to cancel or modify an operation. To begin a modal session, invoke beginModalSessionForWindow: on the application, which sets the window up for the session and returns an identifier used for other session-controlling methods. At this point, the application can run in a loop that performs the operation, invoking runModalSession: on the application object on each pass so that pending events can be dispatched to the modal window. This method returns a code indicating whether the operation should continue, stop, or abort, which is typically established by the methods described above for runModalForWindow:. After the loop concludes, you can remove the window from the screen and invoke endModalSession: on the application to restore the normal event loop.

Note: You can write a modal event loop for a view object so that the object has access to all events pertaining to a particular task, such as tracking the mouse in the view. For an example, see “Responding to User Events and Actions” in “Creating a Custom View”.

The normal behavior of a modal window or session is to exclude all other windows and panels from receiving events. For windows and panels that serve as general auxiliary controls, such as menus and the Font panel, this behavior is overly restrictive. The user must be able to use menu key equivalents (such as those for Cut and for Paste) and change the font of text in the modal window, and this requires that non-modal panels be able to receive events. To support this behavior, an NSWindow subclass overrides theworksWhenModal method to return YES. This allows the window to receive mouse and keyboard events even when a modal window is present. If a subclass needs to work when a modal window is present, it should generally be a subclass of NSPanel, not of NSWindow.

Modal windows and modal sessions provide different levels of control to the application and the user. Modal windows restrict all action to the window itself and any methods invoked from the window. Modal sessions allow the application to continue an operation while accepting input only through the modal session window. Beyond this, you can use distributed objects to perform background operations in a separate thread, while allowing the user to perform other actions with any part of the application. The background thread can communicate with the main thread, allowing the application to display the status of the operation in a non-modal panel, perhaps including controls to stop or affect the operation as it occurs. Note that because AppKit isn’t thread-safe, the background thread should communicate with a designated object in the main thread that in turn interacts with the AppKit.

Before Mac OS X version 10.6, if a modal window was open, application termination would be prevented if the user attempted to terminate that window’s application. Beginning in Mac OS X version 10.6, you can callsetPreventsApplicationTerminationWhenModal: with a value of NO, and the window will not prevent application termination when modal. The current value of this property may be accessed by callingpreventsApplicationTerminationWhenModal. The default value is NO.

### Vue 3.3.4 Compatible Ant Design Vue Version For ensuring compatibility between Vue 3.3.4 and `ant-design-vue`, the recommended approach is to use a version of `ant-design-vue` that has been tested with this specific minor release of Vue 3.x. The latest stable versions of `ant-design-vue` are generally designed to work well with recent releases within the Vue 3 series, including patches up to .xx minors. To find the most compatible version: 1. **Version Alignment**: Given that both projects follow semantic versioning principles, using the `next` tag or a major version aligned closely with your Vue installation should provide good results. For instance, installing via npm as shown can be beneficial[^1]: ```bash npm i --save ant-design-vue@next ``` 2. **Testing Compatibility**: After installation, thoroughly test components like `<a-modal>` which have special considerations such as requiring certain slots (`modalRender`) for functionality when integrating additional libraries like vueuse[^2]. Given these points, while there might not exist an officially documented "best match" specifically for Vue 3.3.4 due to rapid updates in dependencies, sticking close to the latest `ant-design-vue` under active development (indicated by tags like `@next`) typically ensures broad compatibility across various features and bug fixes introduced in newer Vue 3 subversions. --related questions-- 1. How does one ensure seamless integration of third-party UI libraries into custom Vue applications? 2. What strategies can developers employ to maintain component library compatibility during framework upgrades? 3. Can you explain how semantic versioning impacts dependency management in JavaScript ecosystems? 4. In what scenarios would it be necessary to utilize experimental or pre-release packages over stable ones?
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