Matlab k-means聚类手势识别【源码 GUI】_如何用k-means实现动作识别-优快云博客

Matlab k-means聚类手势识别

一、简介

根据手的特征，提取手部轮廓特征，k-means聚类算法，训练得到手势识别的模型，然后用测试数据测试。

1 K-means算法原理介绍
K-means算法是最常用的一种聚类算法。算法的输入为一个样本集（或者称为点集），通过该算法可以将样本进行聚类，具有相似特征的样本聚为一类。

针对每个点，计算这个点距离所有中心点最近的那个中心点，然后将这个点归为这个中心点代表的簇。一次迭代结束之后，针对每个簇类，重新计算中心点，然后针对每个点，重新寻找距离自己最近的中心点。如此循环，直到前后两次迭代的簇类没有变化。

下面通过一个简单的例子，说明K-means算法的过程。如下图所示，目标是将样本点聚类成3个类别。
2 基本的步骤为：

step1：选定要聚类的类别数目k（如上例的k=3类），选择k个中心点。

step2：针对每个样本点，找到距离其最近的中心点（寻找组织），距离同一中心点最近的点为一个类，这样完成了一次聚类。

step3：判断聚类前后的样本点的类别情况是否相同，如果相同，则算法终止，否则进入step4。

step4：针对每个类别中的样本点，计算这些样本点的中心点，当做该类的新的中心点，继续step2。

3 上述步骤的关键两点是：

找到距离自己最近的中心点。

更新中心点。

二、源代码

%------------------hand shape analysis

close all

format long %显示小数点后4位的数据

%读入hand的landmark数值

fid=fopen('shapes.txt');

hand=fscanf(fid, '%g %g',[40,inf]); % X(1,1)X(2,1)...X(56,1);X(1,2)X(2,2)...X(56,2)

% choose 40 shapes as a row column

Shape=600*hand;

%-----------------------------------------------------

% shape 矩阵每行112列，对应一个手的数据，

% 前56列对应X坐标后56列对应Y坐标

% Odata中所有形状的质点已经平移到原点

temp=Shape;

[temp,X,Y]=show2D(temp);

% %--------Show unaligned shape

% plot(X,Y,'r*');

% title('unaligned hands');

%------------------Compute the shape metric---------------------------

%-------------------------计算each Shape Size-------------------------

T=temp*temp'; % Diag的对角元素为∑(x^2+y^2)

V=diag(T); % compute 对角线

size=sqrt(V); % Size 为40×1矩阵

%------------------------将Size归一化--------------------------------

%%% 根据形状大小的函数满足S(ax)=aS(x),每个坐标都除以对应Size的值

for i=1:40

preHand(i,:)=temp(i,:)/size(i); % preHand 为已经对准质点和大小

end

% -------------------------将各个形状以hand1为mean旋转------------------------

x1=preHand(1,:); % vector 1*40

x1=reshape(x1,56,2);

x2=preHand(2,:);

for i=2:40

x3=preHand(i,:);

x2=reshape(x3,56,2);

XD=x1'*x2;

[U,S,V]=svd(XD);

I=x2*V*U';

preHand(i,:)=reshape(I,1,112);

end

aligned=preHand;

for i=1:40

for j=1:56

XX(i,j)=aligned(i,j); % the mean x-axis coordinate of every landmark

YY(i,j)=aligned(i,j+56); % the mean y-axis coordinate of every landmark

end

plot(XX,YY,'ro')

%-----------------compute the mean shape coordinates

% every column of colm is the mean cooridnate of all the 40 hands'

% coordinate respectively

colm=mean(aligned); % mean(X) 求每一列元素的均值

for i=1:56

XX(i)=colm(i); % the mean x-axis coordinate of every landmark

YY(i)=colm(i+56); % the mean y-axis coordinate of every landmark

end

% subplot(1,2,1);

% figure;

% plot(XX,YY,'g-',XX,YY,'rx'); % show the mean shape of 40 hands

% title('the Mean Shape of Aligned');

% title('b1=0');

%---------------------------------------------------------------

% tangent space projection

absx=colm*colm';absx=absx*absx;

for i=1:40

xo=dot(colm,aligned(i,:)); % 矩阵点乘

xt(i,:)=absx*aligned(i,:)/xo;

end

%---------------------------------------------------------------

% PCA

[signals,PC,V] = pca1(xt');

% eAB=xt*xt'; % 应该减去均值球协方差矩阵

% eAb=xt*xt'/39;

% % eBA=xt'*xt;

% [PC,V]=eig(eAB);

% [PC1,V1]=eig(eAb);

% V=diag(V);

% V1=diag(V1);

% sumV=40*mean(V);

% compute the eigenvector of eBA

% PC1=xt'*PC;

% figure(2)

% bar(V);

% title('Shape eigenvalue');

% xlabel('Eigenvalue');

% ylabel('variance expansion factor(percent)');

% now the shape model can be x=xmean+PC1*B,

% where b {-3*sqrt(λ)，3*sqrt(λ)}

% Pb=PC(:,1)*3*sqrt(V1(1));

% Xz=colm+Pb1';

% Xz=colm-Pb1';

Pb2=signals(:,2)*3*sqrt(V(2));

Xz=colm-Pb2';

% Xz=colm-Pb2';

% for i=1:56

% Xp(i)=Xz(i); % the mean x-axis coordinate of every landmark

% Yp(i)=Xz(i+56); % the mean y-axis coordinate of every landmark

% end

function edgedemo(action, varargin)

%EDGEDEMO Edge detection demo.

% This demo uses the EDGE function to apply different edge detection

% The Saturn and Lifting Body images are courtesy of NASA.

% See also EDGE.

% $Revision: 1.19.4.7 $ $Date: 2004/04/01 16:12:06 $

% Function subroutines:

% InitializeEDGEDEMO - Initialization of controls, axes, and

% Images.

% ComputeEdgeMap - Computes the Edge map of the original

% image using edge.m

% SelectMethod - Selects Edge Detection method and enable/disable

% the appropriate controls

% LoadNewImage - Loads the selected Image

% UpdateThreshCtrl - Grabs the threshold from the Edit box and

% enables the Apply button

% UpdateDirectionality - Sets the directionality string based on the

% popup menu.

% Radio - Sets values for Radio Buttons and enables/disables

% the threshold edit box.

% UpdateLOGSize - Grabs the LOG filter size from edit box

% UpdateLOGSigma - Grabs LOG filter Sigma from edit box

% ActivateSPRControls - Turns on controls for Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts

% ActivateLOGControls - Turns on controls for LOG.

if nargin<1,

action='InitializeEDGEDEMO';

end;

feval(action,varargin{:});

return;

%%%

%%% Sub-function - InitializeEDGEDEMO

%%%

function InitializeEDGEDEMO()

% If dctdemo is already running, bring it to the foreground.

screenD = get(0, 'ScreenDepth');

if screenD>8

grayres=256;

else

grayres=128;

end

EdgeDemoFig = figure( ...

'Name','Edge Detection Demo', ...

'NumberTitle','off', 'HandleVisibility', 'on', ...

'tag', 'Edge Detection Demo', ...

'Visible','off', 'Resize', 'off',...

'BusyAction','Queue','Interruptible','off', ...

'Color', [.8 .8 .8], ...

'IntegerHandle', 'off', ...

'DoubleBuffer', 'on', ...

'Colormap', gray(grayres));

figpos = get(EdgeDemoFig, 'position');

% Adjust the size of the figure window

figpos(3:4) = [560 420];

horizDecorations = 10; % resize controls, etc.

vertDecorations = 45; % title bar, etc.

screenSize = get(0,'ScreenSize');

if (screenSize(3) <= 1)

% No display connected (apparently)

screenSize(3:4) = [100000 100000]; % don't use Inf because of vms

end

if (((figpos(3) + horizDecorations) > screenSize(3)) | ...

((figpos(4) + vertDecorations) > screenSize(4)))

% Screen size is too small for this demo!

delete(EdgeDemoFig);

error(['Screen resolution is too low ', ...

'(or text fonts are too big) to run this demo']);

end

dx = screenSize(3) - figpos(1) - figpos(3) - horizDecorations;

dy = screenSize(4) - figpos(2) - figpos(4) - vertDecorations;

if (dx < 0)

figpos(1) = max(5,figpos(1) + dx);

end

if (dy < 0)

figpos(2) = max(5,figpos(2) + dy);

end

set(EdgeDemoFig, 'position', figpos);

rows = figpos(4); cols = figpos(3);

hs = (cols-512) / 3; % Horizantal Spacing

bot = rows-2*hs-256; % Bottom of the images

%====================================

% Parameters for all buttons and menus

ifs = hs/2; % Intraframe Spacing

Std.Interruptible = 'off';

Std.BusyAction = 'queue';

%================================

% Original Image Axes

hdl.ImageAxes = axes(Std, ...

'Units', 'Pixels', ...

'Parent',EdgeDemoFig,...

'ydir', 'reverse', ...

'XLim', [.5 256.5], ...

'YLim', [.5 256.5],...

'CLim', [0 255], ...

'Position',[hs bot 256 256], ...

'XTick',[],'YTick',[]);

set(get(hdl.ImageAxes, 'title'), 'string', 'Original Image');

%================================

% Edge Map Axes

hdl.EdgeAxes = axes(Std, ...

'Units', 'Pixels', ...

'Parent',EdgeDemoFig,...

'ydir', 'reverse', ...

'XLim', [.5 256.5], ...

'YLim', [.5 256.5],...

'CLim', [0 1], ...

'Position',[cols-hs-256 bot 256 256], ...

'XTick',[],'YTick',[]);

set(get(hdl.EdgeAxes, 'title'), 'string', 'Edge Map');

%================================

% Original Image

hdl.Image = image(Std, ...

'CData', [], ...

'CDataMapping', 'scaled', ...

'Parent',hdl.ImageAxes,...

'Xdata', [1 256],...

'Ydata', [1 256],...

'EraseMode', 'none');

%================================

% Edge Map Image

hdl.Edge = image(Std, ...

'CData', [], ...

'CDataMapping', 'scaled', ...

'Parent',hdl.EdgeAxes,...

'Xdata', [1 256],...

'Ydata', [1 256],...

'EraseMode', 'none');

% Background color for frames

bgcolor = [0.45 0.45 0.45];

fgcolor = [1 1 1]; % For text

%================================

% The Menu frame - image and method popups go here

mfleft=hs;

mfbot=hs;

mfwid=(3*cols/8)-1.5*hs; % 2*cols/7

mfht=bot-2*hs;

hdl.MenuFrame = uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style', 'frame', ...

'Units', 'pixels', ...

'Position', [mfleft mfbot mfwid mfht], ...

'BackgroundColor', bgcolor);

%====================================

% The LoadNewImage menu : ip-> Image Popup

ipwid = mfwid-2*ifs;

ipht = 21; % (mfht-5*ifs)/3;

ipleft = mfleft+ifs;

ipbot = mfbot+1.7*ifs + 2*ipht;

hdl.ImgPop=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','popupmenu', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[ipleft ipbot ipwid ipht], ...

'Enable','on', ...

'Tag','ImagesPop',...

'Callback','edgedemo(''LoadNewImage'')');

% Text label for Image Menu Popup

% The Method menu : mp-> Method Popup

hdl.Method = 'Sobel';

mpwid = ipwid;

mpht = ipht;

mpleft = ipleft;

mpbot = mfbot+1.2*ifs;

hdl.MethodPop=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','popupmenu', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[mpleft mpbot mpwid mpht], ...

'Enable','on', ...

'String','Sobel|Prewitt|Roberts|Laplacian of Gaussian|Canny', ...

'Tag','MethodPop',...

'Callback','edgedemo(''SelectMethod'')');

% Text label for Method Popup

uicontrol( Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','text', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[mpleft mpbot+mpht mpwid 18], ...

'Horiz','left', ...

'Background',bgcolor, ...

'Foreground',fgcolor, ...

'String','Edge Detection Method:');

%================================

% The Parameter frame - method specific parameters go here

pfleft =(3*cols/8)+0.5*hs; % 2*cols/7

pfbot = 1.5*hs;

pfwid =(3*cols/8)-hs; % 3*cols/7

pfht = bot-2.5*hs;

hdl.ParamFrame = uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style', 'frame', ...

'Units', 'pixels', ...

'Position', [ pfleft pfbot pfwid pfht ], ...

'BackgroundColor', bgcolor);

%====================================

% Controls for Sobel/Prewitt/Roberts edge detectors:

% Text label for Threshold Controls

labelleft = pfleft+ifs;

labelwid = pfwid/2-hs;

labelbot = pfbot+2*pfht/3;

hdl.sprThLbl = uicontrol(Std,...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','text', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[labelleft labelbot labelwid 18], ...

'Horiz','left', ...

'String','Threshold:', ...

'BackgroundColor',bgcolor, ...

'ForegroundColor',fgcolor);

hdl.Threshold = 0; % Initial value

raleft = pfleft + pfwid/2 - hs/2;

rabot = pfbot+2*pfht/3+hs/6;

rawid = pfwid/2;

raht = ipht;

hdl.RadioAutomatic=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','radiobutton', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[raleft rabot rawid raht], ...

'String','Automatic', ...

'value',1,'Userdata',1, ...

'Callback','edgedemo(''Radio'',''auto'')');

rmleft = pfleft + pfwid/2 - hs/2;

rmbot = pfbot+pfht/3+hs/3;

rmwid = hs*1.5;

rmht = ipht;

hdl.RadioManual=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','radiobutton', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[rmleft rmbot rmwid rmht], ...

'String','', ...

'value',0,'Userdata',0, ...

'Callback','edgedemo(''Radio'',''manual'')');

thleft = rmleft+rmwid;

thwid = rawid-rmwid;

thbot = rmbot;

thht = rmht;

hdl.ThreshCtrl = uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Enable', 'off', ...

'Style','edit', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[thleft thbot thwid thht], ...

'Horiz','right', ...

'Background','white', ...

'Foreground','black', ...

'String','0',...

'callback','edgedemo(''UpdateSprThresh'')');

% The Directionality Popup menu : dp-> Direction Popup

dpwid = pfwid/2;

dpht = ipht;

dpleft = pfleft + pfwid/2 - hs/2;

dpbot = pfbot+.4*hs;

hdl.sprDirPop=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','popupmenu', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[dpleft dpbot dpwid dpht], ...

'Enable','on', ...

'String','Both|Horizontal|Vertical', ...

'Tag','DirectionPop',...

'Callback','edgedemo(''UpdateDirectionality'')');

% Text label for Directionality Popup

labelleft = pfleft+ifs;

labelwid = pfwid/2-hs; %5*hs/4

labelbot = dpbot;

hdl.sprDirLbl = uicontrol( Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','text', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[labelleft labelbot labelwid 18], ...

'Horiz','left', ...

'Background',bgcolor, ...

'Foreground',fgcolor, ...

'String','Direction:');

hdl.Directionality = 'both';

hdl.logSigmaCtrl=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','edit', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[dpleft dpbot dpwid dpht], ...

'Horiz','right', ...

'Background','white', ...

'Foreground','black', ...

'String','2', ...

'Tag','DirectionPop',...

'Visible', 'off', ...

'Callback','edgedemo(''UpdateLOGSigma'')');

% Text label for Sigma edit box

hdl.logSigmaLbl = uicontrol( Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','text', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[labelleft labelbot labelwid 18], ...

'Horiz','left', ...

'Background',bgcolor, ...

'Foreground',fgcolor, ...

'Visible', 'off', ...

'String','Sigma:');

hdl.LogSigma = 2;

%====================================

% Status bar

colr = get(EdgeDemoFig,'Color');

hdl.Status = uicontrol( Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','text', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Background', colr, ...

'Foreground', [.8 0 0], ...

'Position',[pfleft 2 pfwid 18], ...

'Horiz','center', ...

'Tag', 'Status', ...

'String','Initializing Edge Detection Demo...');

%================================

% The Button frame - Apply, Info, and Close buttons go here

bfleft = (3*cols/4)+.5*hs; % 5*cols/7

bfbot = hs;

bfwid = (cols/4)-1.5*hs; % 2*cols/7

bfht = bot-2*hs;

hdl.ButtonFrame = uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style', 'frame', ...

'Units', 'pixels', ...

'Position', [ bfleft bfbot bfwid bfht ], ...

'BackgroundColor', bgcolor);

%====================================

% The APPLY button

btnwid = bfwid - 2*ifs;

btnht = (bfht-4*ifs)/3; % 21

btnleft = bfleft + ifs;

btnbot = bfbot + bfht - ifs - btnht;

hdl.Apply=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','pushbutton', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[btnleft btnbot btnwid btnht], ...

'Enable','off', ...

'String','Apply', ...

'Callback','edgedemo(''ComputeEdgeMap'')');

%====================================

% The INFO button

btnbot = bfbot + bfht - 2*ifs - 2*btnht;

hdl.Help=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','pushbutton', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[btnleft btnbot btnwid btnht], ...

'Enable','off', ...

'String','Info', ...

'Callback','helpwin edgedemo');

%====================================

% The CLOSE button

btnbot = bfbot + ifs;

hdl.Close=uicontrol(Std, ...

'Parent', EdgeDemoFig, ...

'Style','pushbutton', ...

'Units','pixels', ...

'Position',[btnleft btnbot btnwid btnht], ...

'Enable','off', ...

'String','Close', ...

'Callback','close(gcbf)');

set(EdgeDemoFig, 'Userdata', hdl, 'Visible', 'on');

drawnow

LoadNewImage(EdgeDemoFig);

drawnow

set(EdgeDemoFig, 'HandleVisibility', 'Callback');

set([hdl.Apply hdl.Help hdl.Close] , 'Enable', 'on');

return

%%%

%%% Sub-Function - ComputeEdgeMap

%%%

function ComputeEdgeMap(DemoFig)

if nargin<1

callb = 1; % We're in a callback

DemoFig = gcbf;

else

callb = 0; % We're in the initialization

end

三、参考运行图

Matlab k-means聚类手势识别【源码 GUI】

Matlab k-means聚类手势识别

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