[FJOI2016] 建筑师

本文探讨了一种特殊的建筑设计问题,即如何在确保没有两个建筑高度相同的情况下,让建筑群从两端看分别可见特定数量的建筑,以此达到一种美学上的平衡。文章提供了一种通过数学计算来找出符合条件的建筑方案数量的方法。

题目描述

小 Z 是一个很有名的建筑师,有一天他接到了一个很奇怪的任务:在数轴上建 nn 个建筑,每个建筑的高度是 1nn 之间的一个整数。小 Z 有很严重的强迫症,他不喜欢有两个建筑的高度相同。另外小 Z 觉得如果从最左边(所有建筑都在右边)看能看到 A 个建筑,从最右边(所有建筑都在左边)看能看到 BB 个建筑,这样的建筑群有着独特的美感。现在,小 Z 想知道满足上述所有条件的建筑方案有多少种?

如果建筑 i 的左(右)边没有任何建造比它高,则建筑 i 可以从左(右)边看到。两种方案不同,当且仅当存在某个建筑在两种方案下的高度不同。

输入格式

第一行一个整数 T,代表 TT 组数据。

接下来 T 行,每行三个整数 nABn、A、B

输出格式

对于每组数据输出一行答案 modmod 109+7109+7

样例输入

2
3 2 2
3 1 2

样例输出

2
1

数据规模与约定

对于 10%10% 的数据,1n101≤n≤10

对于 20%20% 的数据,1n1001≤n≤100

对于 40%40% 的数据,1n500001T51≤n≤50000,1≤T≤5

对于 70%70% 的数据,1n500001T20001≤n≤50000,1≤T≤2000

对于 100%100% 的数据,1n500001AB1001T2000001≤n≤50000,1≤A、B≤100,1≤T≤200000

题解

首先,我们考虑暴力该怎么做。
fi,j,kfi,j,k 为 前 ii 个中, 从左边能看到 j 个, 从右边能看到 kk 个的方案数。
fi,j,k=fi1,j1,k+fi1,j,k1+fi1,j,k×(i2)
因为左右两边是镜像关系,所以我们只要处理出 fi,jfi,j 为放了 ii 个,从一侧能看到 j 个的方案数即可。
这样就有 4040 分了。
然后我们设去掉最高的点之后, 当前从左边能看到的为 aa 个, 从右边能看到的为 b 个,我们每次加一条边有三种情况。
第一种情况为 a+1a+1, 第二种情况为 b+1b+1, 第三种情况为 a,ba,b 不变。
对于第一第二种都各有 11 种情况。
对于第三种的可能随着我们选边的进行从 n2 递减到 00
则设 fi,j 为选了 ii 个点,有 j 个点改变了 aab 的方案数。
fi,j=fi1,j1+fi1,j×(i1)fi,j=fi−1,j−1+fi−1,j×(i−1)
然后其中有 A1A−1 个点是用来改变 aa 的。
则最后的答案为 CA+B2A1×fn1,A+B2
然后这是个斯特林数???
嗯没错,就是个第一类斯特林数。
所以答案为 CA1A+B2×SA+B2n1CA+B−2A−1×Sn−1A+B−2
额说一下为什么是第一类斯特林数吧。
我们设除去最高的点之后,每个点之后被挡住了 xx 个点。
则这 x 个点有 x!x! 种方案。
算上挡住这些点的固定的那一个点,则这些点的方案数即为这些点的圆排列的方案数。
所以题意即为在去掉最高点之后的 n1n−1 个数中划分出 A+B2A+B−2 个圆排列并选出 A1A−1 个放在左边。
所以答案如上。
不知道有人是怎么打表看出来的,真的是神仙啊。

代码

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <set>
#include <stack>

#define R register
#define ll long long
#define db double
#define sqr(_x) (_x) * (_x)
#define Cmax(_a, _b) ((_a) < (_b) ? (_a) = (_b), 1 : 0)
#define Cmin(_a, _b) ((_a) > (_b) ? (_a) = (_b), 1 : 0)
#define Max(_a, _b) ((_a) > (_b) ? (_a) : (_b))
#define Min(_a, _b) ((_a) < (_b) ? (_a) : (_b))
#define Abs(_x) (_x < 0 ? (-(_x)) : (_x))

using namespace std;

namespace Dntcry
{
    inline int read()
    {
        R int a = 0, b = 1; R char c = getchar();
        for(; c < '0' || c > '9'; c = getchar()) (c == '-') ? b = -1 : 0;
        for(; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = getchar()) a = (a << 1) + (a << 3) + c - '0';
        return a * b;
    }
    inline ll lread()
    {
        R ll a = 0, b = 1; R char c = getchar();
        for(; c < '0' || c > '9'; c = getchar()) (c == '-') ? b = -1 : 0;
        for(; c >= '0' && c <= '9'; c = getchar()) a = (a << 1) + (a << 3) + c - '0';
        return a * b;
    }
    const int Maxn = 50010, Maxl = 210, Mod = 1000000007;
    int T, n, A, B;
    ll S[Maxn][Maxl], C[Maxl][Maxl];
    void init(R int tmp1, R int tmp2)
    {
        for(R int i = 0; i <= tmp1; i++)
        {
            S[i][0] = 0;
            if(i <= tmp2) S[i][i] = 1;
            for(R int j = 1; j <= Min(i, tmp2); j++) 
                S[i][j] = (S[i - 1][j - 1] + (i - 1) * S[i - 1][j] % Mod) % Mod;
        }
        for(R int i = 0; i <= tmp2; i++) 
        {
            C[i][0] = 1;
            for(R int j = 1; j <= i; j++) 
                C[i][j] = (C[i - 1][j] + C[i - 1][j - 1]) % Mod;
        }
        return ;
    }
    int Main()
    {
        init(50000, 200);
        T = read();
        while(T--)
        {
            n = read(), A = read(), B = read(); 
            printf("%lld\n", S[n - 1][A + B - 2] * C[A + B - 2][A - 1] % Mod);
        }
        return 0;
    }
}
int main()
{
    return Dntcry :: Main();
}
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(C:\Users\x60102926\AppData\Local\nvm\v22.19.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\minipass-fetch\lib\index.js:130:14) npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.emit (node:events:519:28) npm warn old lockfile at emitErrorEvent (node:_http_client:105:11) npm warn old lockfile at _destroy (node:_http_client:898:9) npm warn old lockfile at onSocketNT (node:_http_client:918:5) npm warn old lockfile at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:91:21) { npm warn old lockfile code: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile errno: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile type: 'system' npm warn old lockfile } npm warn old lockfile Could not fetch metadata for @jridgewell/sourcemap-codec@1.5.5 FetchError: request to https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/@jridgewell%2fsourcemap-codec failed, reason: unable to verify the first certificate npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.<anonymous> (C:\Users\x60102926\AppData\Local\nvm\v22.19.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\minipass-fetch\lib\index.js:130:14) npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.emit (node:events:519:28) npm warn old lockfile at emitErrorEvent (node:_http_client:105:11) npm warn old lockfile at _destroy (node:_http_client:898:9) npm warn old lockfile at onSocketNT (node:_http_client:918:5) npm warn old lockfile at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:91:21) { npm warn old lockfile code: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile errno: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile type: 'system' npm warn old lockfile } npm warn old lockfile Could not fetch metadata for @jridgewell/resolve-uri@3.1.2 FetchError: request to https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/@jridgewell%2fresolve-uri failed, reason: unable to verify the first certificate npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.<anonymous> (C:\Users\x60102926\AppData\Local\nvm\v22.19.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\minipass-fetch\lib\index.js:130:14) npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.emit (node:events:519:28) npm warn old lockfile at emitErrorEvent (node:_http_client:105:11) npm warn old lockfile at _destroy (node:_http_client:898:9) npm warn old lockfile at onSocketNT (node:_http_client:918:5) npm warn old lockfile at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:91:21) { npm warn old lockfile code: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile errno: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile type: 'system' npm warn old lockfile } npm warn old lockfile Could not fetch metadata for @jridgewell/trace-mapping@0.3.31 FetchError: request to https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/@jridgewell%2ftrace-mapping failed, reason: unable to verify the first certificate npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.<anonymous> (C:\Users\x60102926\AppData\Local\nvm\v22.19.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\minipass-fetch\lib\index.js:130:14) npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.emit (node:events:519:28) npm warn old lockfile at emitErrorEvent (node:_http_client:105:11) npm warn old lockfile at _destroy (node:_http_client:898:9) npm warn old lockfile at onSocketNT (node:_http_client:918:5) npm warn old lockfile at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:91:21) { npm warn old lockfile code: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile errno: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile type: 'system' npm warn old lockfile } npm warn old lockfile Could not fetch metadata for @jridgewell/remapping@2.3.5 FetchError: request to https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/@jridgewell%2fremapping failed, reason: unable to verify the first certificate npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.<anonymous> (C:\Users\x60102926\AppData\Local\nvm\v22.19.0\node_modules\npm\node_modules\minipass-fetch\lib\index.js:130:14) npm warn old lockfile at ClientRequest.emit (node:events:519:28) npm warn old lockfile at emitErrorEvent (node:_http_client:105:11) npm warn old lockfile at _destroy (node:_http_client:898:9) npm warn old lockfile at onSocketNT (node:_http_client:918:5) npm warn old lockfile at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:91:21) { npm warn old lockfile code: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile errno: 'UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE', npm warn old lockfile type: 'syst
最新发布
12-12
你遇到的错误: ``` UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE ``` 以及请求失败指向了华为内部仓库: ``` https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/... ``` 这表明你的 npm 配置使用的是 **华为公司内网私有镜像源**,而你现在的问题是:**Node.js 无法验证该 HTTPS 服务器证书的有效性(通常是自签名证书)**。 --- ## 🔍 错误原因分析 - 公司私有 NPM 仓库(如 `cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com`)通常使用 **企业内网 CA 签发的 SSL 证书**。 - 你的操作系统或 Node.js 没有信任这个 CA 证书 → 导致 `UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE`。 - 这不是网络不通,而是 TLS 握手失败 —— 安全机制阻止了请求。 --- ## ✅ 解决方案(按推荐顺序) ### ✅ 方法一:安装企业根证书(安全、推荐) > 💡 联系你们公司的 IT 或前端基团队获取“企业根证书”(一般是 `.crt` 或 `.pem` 文件)。 #### 步骤如下: 1. **获取企业 CA 证书文件** 比如叫 `huawei-ca.crt` 2. **配置 npm 使用该证书** ```bash npm config set cafile "C:\path\to\huawei-ca.crt" ``` 示例: ```bash npm config set cafile "C:\certs\huawei-ca.crt" ``` ✅ 这样 npm 就会信任你们公司签发的所有证书。 3. (可选)验证是否生效 ```bash npm config get cafile ``` --- ### ✅ 方法二:临时关闭 SSL 验证(仅测试用!不推荐生产) 如果你只是想快速验证是否是证书问题,可以临时禁用: ```bash npm config set strict-ssl false ``` ⚠️ 警告:这样做会让所有 HTTPS 请求不再校验证书,存在中间人攻击风险! > ❌ 不议长期使用,尤其不要在正式开发中开启。 恢复命令: ```bash npm config set strict-ssl true ``` --- ### ✅ 方法三:设置 NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS 环境变量(高级用法) 适用于 Electron、CI 环境等场景。 ```bash set NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS=C:\certs\huawei-ca.crt ``` 然后运行 npm 命令: ```bash npm install ``` 这样 Node.js 会在默认 CA 基础上额外信任你提供的证书。 --- ### ✅ 方法四:检查代理设置(如有使用) 有些公司需要配合代理才能访问内部仓库: ```bash npm config get proxy npm config get https-proxy ``` 如果应该设置但没设,可以: ```bash npm config set proxy http://proxy.yourcompany.com:8080 npm config set https-proxy http://proxy.yourcompany.com:8080 ``` > 具体地址请咨询 IT 部门。 --- ## 🧪 如何确认问题是出在证书上? 你可以手动测试连接: ```bash curl -v https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/ ``` 或者用浏览器打开这个链接: 👉 [https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/](https://cmc.centralrepo.rnd.huawei.com/npm/) - 如果浏览器提示“不安全”、“证书不受信任”,那就是证书问题。 - 正常情况下你应该看到一个 JSON 响应(可能是 forbidden,但不能是证书错误)。 --- ## 📌 总结与议 | 方案 | 是否推荐 | 说明 | |------|--------|------| | ✅ `cafile` 设置企业 CA 证书 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 安全、规范 | | ⚠️ `strict-ssl=false` | ⚠️ 仅临时 | 快速排查可用,禁止提交到项目 | | ✅ `NODE_EXTRA_CA_CERTS` | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | 适合自动化脚本和 CI | | 🔁 检查代理和网络 | 必须做 | 确保能连通内网服务 | --- 上述代码通过设置 `npm config set cafile` 来指定企业级 CA 证书路径,使 Node.js 能够信任公司私有 NPM 仓库的 HTTPS 证书,从而解决 `UNABLE_TO_VERIFY_LEAF_SIGNATURE` 错误。这是企业内网环境下安全合规的做法。 ---
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