１.部署Ingress controller
ingress-nginx在github上的地址: https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
（1）下载ingress相关的yaml
[root@k8s-master ~]# mkdir ingress-nginx
[root@k8s-master ~]# cd ingress-nginx/
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# for file in namespace.yaml configmap.yaml rbac.yaml tcp-services-configmap.yaml with-rbac.yaml udp-services-configmap.yaml default-backend.yaml;do wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/$file;done
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# ll
total 28
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 199 Sep 29 22:45 configmap.yaml #configmap用于为nginx从外部注入配置的
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1583 Sep 29 22:45 default-backend.yaml #配置默认后端服务
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 69 Sep 29 22:45 namespace.yaml #创建独立的名称空间
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2866 Sep 29 22:45 rbac.yaml #rbac用于集群角色授权
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192 Sep 29 22:45 tcp-services-configmap.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 192 Sep 29 22:45 udp-services-configmap.yaml
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2409 Sep 29 22:45 with-rbac.yaml
（2）创建ingress-nginx名称空间
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# cat namespace.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx
---
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# kubectl apply -f namespace.yaml
namespace/ingress-nginx created
（3）创建ingress controller的pod
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# kubectl apply -f ./
configmap/nginx-configuration created
deployment.extensions/default-http-backend created
service/default-http-backend created
namespace/ingress-nginx configured
serviceaccount/nginx-ingress-serviceaccount created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding created
configmap/tcp-services created
configmap/udp-services created
deployment.extensions/nginx-ingress-controller created
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx -w
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
default-http-backend-7db7c45b69-gjrnl 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 35s
nginx-ingress-controller-6bd7c597cb-6pchv 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 34s
此处遇到一个问题，新版本的Kubernetes在安装部署中，需要从k8s.grc.io仓库中拉取所需镜像文件，但由于国内网络防火墙问题导致无法正常拉取。
docker.io仓库对google的容器做了镜像，可以通过下列命令下拉取相关镜像：
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# docker pull mirrorgooglecontainers/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5
1.5: Pulling from mirrorgooglecontainers/defaultbackend-amd64
9ecb1e82bb4a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d08e129315e2dd093abfc16283cee19eabc18ae6b7cb8c2e26cc26888c6fc56a
Status: Downloaded newer image for mirrorgooglecontainers/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# docker tag mirrorgooglecontainers/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5 k8s.gcr.io/defaultbackend-amd64:1.5
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mirrorgooglecontainers/defaultbackend-amd64 1.5 b5af743e5984 34 hours ago 5.13MB
k8s.gcr.io/defaultbackend-amd64 1.5 b5af743e5984 34 hours ago 5.13MB
2、部署后端服务
（1）查看ingress的配置清单选项
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# kubectl explain ingress.spec
KIND: Ingress
VERSION: extensions/v1beta1
RESOURCE: spec <Object>
DESCRIPTION:
Spec is the desired state of the Ingress. More info:
https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status
IngressSpec describes the Ingress the user wishes to exist.
FIELDS:
backend <Object> #定义后端有哪几个主机
A default backend capable of servicing requests that don't match any rule.
At least one of 'backend' or 'rules' must be specified. This field is
optional to allow the loadbalancer controller or defaulting logic to
specify a global default.
rules <[]Object> #定义规则
A list of host rules used to configure the Ingress. If unspecified, or no
rule matches, all traffic is sent to the default backend.
tls <[]Object>
TLS configuration. Currently the Ingress only supports a single TLS port,
443. If multiple members of this list specify different hosts, they will be
multiplexed on the same port according to the hostname specified through
the SNI TLS extension, if the ingress controller fulfilling the ingress
supports SNI.
（2）部署后端服务
[root@k8s-master ingress-nginx]# cd ../mainfests/
[root@k8s-master mainfests]# mkdir ingress && cd ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cp ../deploy-demo.yaml .
[root@k8s-master ingress]# vim deploy-demo.yaml
#创建service为myapp
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myapp
namespace: default
spec:
selector:
app: myapp
release: canary
ports:
- name: http
targetPort: 80
port: 80
---
#创建后端服务的pod
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: myapp-backend-pod
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myapp
release: canary
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myapp
release: canary
spec:
containers:
- name: myapp
image: ikubernetes/myapp:v2
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f deploy-demo.yaml
service/myapp created
deployment.apps/myapp-backend-pod unchanged
（3）查看新建的后端服务pod
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
myapp-backend-pod-67f6f6b4dc-9jl9q 1/1 Running 0 7m
myapp-backend-pod-67f6f6b4dc-x5jsb 1/1 Running 0 7m
myapp-backend-pod-67f6f6b4dc-xzxbj 1/1 Running 0 7m
3、部署ingress-nginx service
通过ingress-controller对外提供服务，现在还需要手动给ingress-controller建立一个service，接收集群外部流量。方法如下：
（1）下载ingress-controller的yaml文件
[root@k8s-master ingress]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/master/deploy/provider/baremetal/service-nodeport.yaml
[root@k8s-master ingress]# vim service-nodeport.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: ingress-nginx
namespace: ingress-nginx
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
protocol: TCP
nodePort: 30080
- name: https
port: 443
targetPort: 443
protocol: TCP
nodePort: 30443
selector:
app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
---
（2）创建ingress-controller的service，并测试访问
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f service-nodeport.yaml
service/ingress-nginx created
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
default-http-backend ClusterIP 10.104.41.201 <none> 80/TCP 45m
ingress-nginx NodePort 10.96.135.79 <none> 80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP 11s
此时访问:192.168.56.12:30080
此时应该是404 ，调度器是正常工作的，但是后端服务没有关联
4、部署ingress
（1）编写ingress的配置清单
[root@k8s-master ingress]# vim ingress-myapp.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1 #api版本
kind: Ingress #清单类型
metadata: #元数据
name: ingress-myapp #ingress的名称
namespace: default #所属名称空间
annotations: #注解信息
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec: #规格
rules: #定义后端转发的规则
- host: myapp.magedu.com #通过域名进行转发
http:
paths:
- path: #配置访问路径，如果通过url进行转发，需要修改；空默认为访问的路径为"/"
backend: #配置后端服务
serviceName: myapp
servicePort: 80
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-myapp.yaml
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ingress
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-myapp myapp.magedu.com 80 46s
（2）查看ingress-myapp的详细信息
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl describe ingress ingress-myapp
Name: ingress-myapp
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
myapp.magedu.com
myapp:80 (<none>)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"nginx"},"name":"ingress-myapp","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"myapp.magedu.com","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"myapp","servicePort":80},"path":null}]}}]}}
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 1m nginx-ingress-controller Ingress default/ingress-myapp
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
default-http-backend-7db7c45b69-fndwp 1/1 Running 0 31m
nginx-ingress-controller-6bd7c597cb-6pchv 1/1 Running 0 55m
（3）进入nginx-ingress-controller进行查看是否注入了nginx的配置
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl exec -n ingress-nginx -it nginx-ingress-controller-6bd7c597cb-6pchv -- /bin/bash
www-data@nginx-ingress-controller-6bd7c597cb-6pchv:/etc/nginx$ cat nginx.conf
......
## start server myapp.magedu.com
server {
server_name myapp.magedu.com ;
listen 80;
set $proxy_upstream_name "-";
location / {
set $namespace "default";
set $ingress_name "ingress-myapp";
set $service_name "myapp";
set $service_port "80";
set $location_path "/";
rewrite_by_lua_block {
balancer.rewrite()
}
log_by_lua_block {
balancer.log()
monitor.call()
}
......
（4）修改本地host文件，进行访问
192.168.56.12 myapp.magedu.com
192.168.56.13 myapp.magedu.com
四、增加tomcat服务
（1）编写tomcat的配置清单文件
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cp deploy-demo.yaml tomcat-demo.yaml
[root@k8s-master ingress]# vim tomcat-demo.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: tomcat
namespace: default
spec:
selector:
app: tomcat
release: canary
ports:
- name: http
targetPort: 8080
port: 8080
- name: ajp
targetPort: 8009
port: 8009
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: tomcat-deploy
namespace: default
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: tomcat
release: canary
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: tomcat
release: canary
spec:
containers:
- name: tomcat
image: tomcat:8.5.34-jre8-alpine
#此镜像在dockerhub上进行下载，需要查看版本是否有变化，hub.docker.com
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 8080
name: ajp
containerPort: 8009
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
tomcat-deploy-6dd558cd64-b4xbm 1/1 Running 0 3m
tomcat-deploy-6dd558cd64-qtwpx 1/1 Running 0 3m
tomcat-deploy-6dd558cd64-w7f9s 1/1 Running 0 5m
（2）进入tomcat的pod中进行查看是否监听8080和8009端口，并查看tomcat的svc
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl exec tomcat-deploy-6dd558cd64-b4xbm -- netstat -tnl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8005 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8009 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
......
tomcat ClusterIP 10.104.158.148 <none> 8080/TCP,8009/TCP 28m
（3）编写tomcat的ingress规则，并创建ingress资源
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cp ingress-myapp.yaml ingress-tomcat.yaml
[root@k8s-master ingress]# vim ingress-tomcat.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: tomcat
namespace: default
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
rules:
- host: tomcat.magedu.com #主机域名
http:
paths:
- path:
backend:
serviceName: tomcat
servicePort: 8080
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-tomcat.yaml
ingress.extensions/tomcat created
（4）查看ingress具体信息
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ingress
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-myapp myapp.magedu.com 80 3h
tomcat tomcat.magedu.com 80 5s
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl describe ingress
Name: ingress-myapp
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
myapp.magedu.com
myapp:80 (<none>)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"nginx"},"name":"ingress-myapp","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"myapp.magedu.com","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"myapp","servicePort":80},"path":null}]}}]}}
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
Events: <none>
Name: tomcat
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
tomcat.magedu.com
tomcat:8080 (<none>)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"nginx"},"name":"tomcat","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"tomcat.magedu.com","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"tomcat","servicePort":8080},"path":null}]}}]}}
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 2m nginx-ingress-controller Ingress default/tomcat
（5）测试访问：tomcat.mageud.com:30080
（6）总结
从前面的部署过程中，可以再次进行总结部署的流程如下：
①下载Ingress-controller相关的YAML文件，并给Ingress-controller创建独立的名称空间；
②部署后端的服务，如myapp，并通过service进行暴露；
③部署Ingress-controller的service，以实现接入集群外部流量；
④部署Ingress，进行定义规则，使Ingress-controller和后端服务的Pod组进行关联。
本次部署后的说明图如下：
四、构建TLS站点
（1）准备证书
[root@k8s-master ingress]# openssl genrsa -out tls.key 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.......+++
.......................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
[root@k8s-master ingress]# openssl req -new -x509 -key tls.key -out tls.crt -subj /C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=DevOps/CN=tomcat.magedu.com
（2）生成secret
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl create secret tls tomcat-ingress-secret --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key
secret/tomcat-ingress-secret created
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get secret
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
default-token-j5pf5 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 39d
tomcat-ingress-secret kubernetes.io/tls 2 9s
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl describe secret tomcat-ingress-secret
Name: tomcat-ingress-secret
Namespace: default
Labels: <none>
Annotations: <none>
Type: kubernetes.io/tls
Data
====
tls.crt: 1294 bytes
tls.key: 1679 bytes
（3）创建ingress
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl explain ingress.spec
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl explain ingress.spec.tls
[root@k8s-master ingress]# cp ingress-tomcat.yaml ingress-tomcat-tls.yaml
[root@k8s-master ingress]# vim ingress-tomcat-tls.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: ingress-tomcat-tls
namespace: default
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
spec:
tls:
- hosts:
- tomcat.magedu.com
secretName: tomcat-ingress-secret
rules:
- host: tomcat.magedu.com
http:
paths:
- path:
backend:
serviceName: tomcat
servicePort: 8080
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl apply -f ingress-tomcat-tls.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-tomcat-tls created
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl get ingress
NAME HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
ingress-myapp myapp.magedu.com 80 4h
ingress-tomcat-tls tomcat.magedu.com 80, 443 5s
tomcat tomcat.magedu.com 80 1h
[root@k8s-master ingress]# kubectl describe ingress ingress-tomcat-tls
Name: ingress-tomcat-tls
Namespace: default
Address:
Default backend: default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
TLS:
tomcat-ingress-secret terminates tomcat.magedu.com
Rules:
Host Path Backends
---- ---- --------
tomcat.magedu.com
tomcat:8080 (<none>)
Annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"nginx"},"name":"ingress-tomcat-tls","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"host":"tomcat.magedu.com","http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"tomcat","servicePort":8080},"path":null}]}}],"tls":[{"hosts":["tomcat.magedu.com"],"secretName":"tomcat-ingress-secret"}]}}
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal CREATE 20s nginx-ingress-controller Ingress default/ingress-tomcat-tls
（4）访问测试：https://tomcat.magedu.com:30443
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