Pytho的图书管理系统

原创已于 2024-09-02 16:56:54 修改 · 1.4k 阅读

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#django #python #毕业设计 #期末作业 #计算机 #mysql

于 2024-06-17 12:25:01 首次发布

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前言：今天和友友们分享一款基于PythonWeb（django）框架开发的图书馆图书管理系统，想必这个题目是大部分该校会拿来座位课程设计或者毕业设计的选题，所以今天就来分享一下：

项目名称：基于Django的图书馆座位预约系统（该项目针对图书馆管理者开发）

项目实现功能：管理人员的登陆注册，图书的各项指标的排序检举，图书的借阅管理，图书的归还管理，以及对读者的借阅账号进行管理（说明：读者借书须出示借阅证，借阅证可以由图书馆管理人员办理），图书馆管理人员也可以录入图书信息到数据库中（单次录入和批量录入）

项目设计技术：Python，Django，MySQL，BootStrap

项目代码：

数据库搭建代码：

from django.db import models

# 设置管理员表，保存管理员信息
class manager(models.Model):
    id = models.CharField(verbose_name="账号", max_length=32, primary_key=True)
    password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密码", max_length=32)
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=32)
    contact = models.CharField(verbose_name="联系方式", max_length=20)

    class Meta:
        # 设置Admin的显示内容
        verbose_name = '管理员信息表'
        verbose_name_plural = '管理员信息表'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


# 设置图书信息，存储图书信息
class book(models.Model):
    bno = models.CharField(verbose_name="图书编号", max_length=32, primary_key=True)
    type = models.CharField(verbose_name="类别", max_length=20)
    title = models.CharField(verbose_name="书名", max_length=32)
    publisher = models.CharField(verbose_name="出版社", max_length=32)
    author = models.CharField(verbose_name="作者", max_length=32)
    year = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="年份")
    price = models.DecimalField(verbose_name="价格", max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)
    total = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="总藏书量")
    stock = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="当前库存")

    class Meta:
        # 设置Admin的显示内容
        verbose_name = '图书信息表'
        verbose_name_plural = '图书信息表'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title


# 借书证表，用于管理借书证
class card(models.Model):
    cno = models.CharField(verbose_name="卡号", max_length=32, primary_key=True)
    name = models.CharField(verbose_name="姓名", max_length=32)
    department = models.CharField(verbose_name="部门", max_length=32)
    type_choices = (
        (1, '学生'),
        (2, '教师'),
    )
    type = models.SmallIntegerField(verbose_name="类别", choices=type_choices)

    class Meta:
        # 设置Admin的显示内容
        verbose_name = '借书证信息表'
        verbose_name_plural = '借书证信息表'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name



# 借阅信息
class borrow_list(models.Model):
    book = models.ForeignKey(to="book", to_field="bno", verbose_name="书号", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    card = models.ForeignKey(to="card", to_field="cno", verbose_name="卡号", on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    borrow_time = models.DateField(verbose_name="借期")
    return_time = models.DateField(verbose_name="预计还期")
    manager = models.ForeignKey(to="manager", to_field="id", verbose_name="经办人", null=True, blank=True,
                                on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
    class Meta:
        # 设置Admin的显示内容
        verbose_name = '借阅信息表'
        verbose_name_plural = '借阅信息表'


# python manage.py makemigrations
# python manage.py migrate
# python manage.py createsuperuser

后端业务代码（views）：

import traceback
from django import forms
from django.shortcuts import redirect, render
from web import models

# 开始界面
def start(request):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'start.html')

# 进入管理员界面
def manager(request):
    # 在缓存中获取登录后管理员的信息
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    return render(request, 'manager.html', {"name": name})

# 管理借书证界面--管理员操作
def manager_card(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]

    # 获取POST的操作中输入的借书证id--定义为nid
    nid = request.POST.get("nid")
    # 如果没有获取到nid，nid为空
    if not nid:
        nid = ""
        queryset = models.card.objects.all()
        return render(request, 'manager_card.html', {"queryset": queryset, "name": name, "nid": nid})
    # 获取到nid，在table card中根据cno去搜索相应的借书证
    queryset = models.card.objects.filter(cno=nid)
    if queryset:
        # 如果有该借书证，则将该cno存储到缓存中，nid=该cno
        request.session["info"]["nid"] = nid
        request.session.set_expiry(60 * 60 * 24 * 1)
        print(request.session["info"])
        return render(request, 'manager_card.html', {"queryset": queryset, "name": name, "nid": nid})
    # 没有该借书证
    else:
        return render(request, 'manager_card.html', {"error_msg": "无该借书证，请检查", "name": name, "nid": nid})


# 删除借书证--管理员操作
def manager_card_delete(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    nid = request.GET.get('nid')
    print(nid)
    # 在card中找到该cno对应的card，然后删除
    models.card.objects.filter(cno=nid).delete()
    return redirect('/manager/card/', {"name": name})


# 添加借书证的属性和table card中的属性一致，可以使用Modelform生成表单
# ---------------------   创建Modelform：借书证   ------------------------------
class CardModelform(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.card
        fields = '__all__'

    # 将生成的ModelForm中的生成的widget属性改为form-control
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control"}


# 添加借书证--管理员操作
def manager_card_add(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = CardModelform()
        return render(request, 'manager_card_add.html', {"form": form, "name": name})

    # 管理员POST提交数据，进行数据校验
    form = CardModelform(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 如果输入的数据合理，校验成功，则保存到table card
        form.save()
        return redirect('/manager/card/')

    # 如果输入的数据不合理，则在原有界面上报错，同时保留已输入的form数据
    return render(request, 'manager_card_add.html', {"form": form, "name": name})


# 图书入库界面
def book_add(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    return render(request, 'book_add.html', {"name": name})


# -------------------- 创建Modelform：图书信息   ------------------
class BookModelform(forms.ModelForm):
    num = forms.IntegerField(label='数量')
    book_id = forms.CharField(label='书号')

    class Meta:
        model = models.book
        # 改变一下field的顺序，调整表单输入栏目顺序
        fields = ['book_id', 'type', 'title',
                  'publisher', 'author', 'year', 'price', 'num']

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            field.widget.attrs = {"class": "form-control"}


# 单本入库
def book_add_one(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    form = BookModelform()
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'book_add_one.html', {"form": form, "name": name})
    # 管理员POST提交数据，进行数据校验
    data = request.POST
    form = BookModelform(data=request.POST)
    bno = data['book_id']
    if form.is_valid():
        obj = models.book.objects.filter(bno=bno)
        if obj:
            # print(data['num'])
            row_object = obj[0]
            row_object.stock = row_object.stock + int(data['num'])
            row_object.total = row_object.total + int(data['num'])
            row_object.save()
        else:
            models.book.objects.create(bno=bno, type=data['type'], title=data['title'], publisher=data['publisher'],
                                       year=data['year'], author=data['author'], price=data['price'], total=data['num'],
                                       stock=data['num'])
            # print(newbooks)
        return redirect('/book/add/suc/', {"name": name})
    return render(request, 'book_add_one.html', {"form": form, "name": name})


# 入库成功
def book_add_suc(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'book_add_suc.html')
    # POST操作，返回添加页面
    return redirect('/book/add/', {"name": name})


# 批量入库
def book_add_multi(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    # GET时跳转至界面
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, 'book_add_multi.html', {"name": name})
    # POST操作时，得到上传的文件newbooks
    file_object = request.FILES.get("newbooks")
    # print(file_object)
    if not file_object:
        return render(request, 'book_add_multi.html', {"name": name, "error_msg": "不得上传为空"})
    # 判断上传的文件类型
    name = file_object.name
    type = name[name.rfind('.'):]
    print("文件类型：", type)
    if type != '.txt':
        return render(request, 'book_add_multi.html', {"name": name, "error_msg": "仅支持txt文件，请重新上传"})
    # 读取文件数据
    try:
        file = file_object.read()
        # print("file", file)
        # 将其转化为字符串形式
        file = file.decode('gb2312')
        # 按行读取
        list = file.split('\r\n')
        print("list:", list)
        if list == [''] or list == "":
            return render(request, 'book_add_multi.html', {"name": name, "error_msg": "文件数据有误，请修改后重新上传！"})

        # 去除括号
        # list[-1] = list[-1][1:-1]
        # print("list-1:", list[-1])

        querysetlist = []
        # 对list中的每一个字符串进行字符串切割，切割', '
        for obj in list:
            # 去除括号
            obj = str(obj[1:-1])
            print('obj:', obj)
            if obj == "":
                continue
            data = obj.split(',')
            print("data:", data)
            if len(data) != 8:
                return render(request, 'book_add_multi.html', {"name": name, "error_msg": "文件数据有误，请检查修改后重新上传！"})

            book = models.book.objects.filter(bno=data[0])
            if book:
                # 如果新添加的图书的bno已经存在，直接修改库存
                row_object = book[0]
                row_object.stock = row_object.stock + int(data[7])
                row_object.total = row_object.total + int(data[7])
                row_object.save()
            else:
                # 如果不存在，则需要创建
                querysetlist.append(
                    models.book(bno=data[0], type=data[1], title=data[2], publisher=data[3], year=int(data[4]),
                                author=data[5], price=float(data[6]), total=int(data[7]), stock=int(data[7])))

        # 批量创建不存在的图书目录
        models.book.objects.bulk_create(querysetlist)
        return redirect('/book/add/suc/', {"name": name})
    except:
        print(traceback.format_exc())
        return render(request, 'book_add_multi.html', {"name": name, "error_msg": "文件数据有误，请修改后重新上传！"})


# 图书查询列表，通过get得到传递的参数
def book_list(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    search_b = request.GET.get('b', "")
    search_t = request.GET.get('t', "")
    search_a = request.GET.get('a', "")
    search_p = request.GET.get('p', "")
    search_pl = request.GET.get('pl', "")
    search_pr = request.GET.get('pr', "")
    search_yl = request.GET.get('yl', "")
    search_yr = request.GET.get('yr', "")
    order = request.GET.get('order', "")

    # 通过得到的order来进行排序
    if order == 'bno_1' or (not order):
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('bno')
    if order == 'bno_2':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('-bno')
    if order == 'year_1':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('year')
    if order == 'year_2':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('-year')
    if order == 'title_1':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('title')
    if order == 'title_2':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('-title')
    if order == 'year_1':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('year')
    if order == 'year_2':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('-year')
    if order == 'price_1':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('price')
    if order == 'price_2':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('-price')
    if order == 'stock_1':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('stock')
    if order == 'stock_2':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('-stock')
    if order == 'total_1':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('total')
    if order == 'total_2':
        res = models.book.objects.all().order_by('-total')

    # 对关键字进行筛选
    if search_b:
        res = res.filter(bno__contains=search_b)
    if search_t:
        res = res.filter(title__contains=search_t)
    if search_a:
        res = res.filter(author__contains=search_a)
    if search_p:
        res = res.filter(publisher__contains=search_p)
    if search_pl:
        res = res.filter(price__gte=search_pl)
    if search_pr:
        res = res.filter(price__lte=search_pr)
    if search_yl:
        res = res.filter(year__gte=search_yl)
    if search_yr:
        res = res.filter(year__lte=search_yr)

    # 筛选出前50条数据
    res = res.all()[:50]

    return render(request, 'book_list.html',
                  {"name": name, "queryset": res, "search_b": search_b, "search_t": search_t, "search_a": search_a,
                   "search_p": search_p, "search_pl": search_pl, "search_pr": search_pr, "search_yl": search_yl,
                   "search_yr": search_yr, "order": order})


# 借阅图书--管理员操作（管理员信息存于cookies）
# --------------------- 创建form：借书记录   -------------------------
class Borrowform(forms.Form):
    bno = forms.CharField(
        label="书号",
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )

    borrow_date = forms.DateField(
        label="借期(YYYY-MM-DD)",
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )

    return_date = forms.DateField(
        label="预计还期(YYYY-MM-DD)",
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )


# 借阅图书--管理员操作
def book_borrow(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    nid = request.session["info"]["nid"]
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = Borrowform()
        return render(request, 'book_borrow.html', {"form": form, "name": name, "nid": nid})

    # 管理员POST提交数据，进行数据校验
    form = Borrowform(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        # 输入的数据符合Modelsform的规定格式
        data = form.cleaned_data
        # 查询是否存在输入的bno的图书
        borrow_book = models.book.objects.filter(bno=data['bno'])
        if borrow_book:
            # 存在该图书
            the_book = models.book.objects.filter(bno=data['bno'])[0]

        if not borrow_book:
            return render(request, 'book_borrow.html',
                          {"form": form, "error_msg": "该图书不存在，请检查", "name": name, "nid": nid})
        elif the_book.stock <= 0:
            # 该书库存不足，去寻找预计归还时间最早的
            earliest_books = models.borrow_list.objects.filter(
                book_id=data['bno']).order_by("return_time")
            if earliest_books:
                earliest_book = earliest_books[0]
                return render(request, 'book_borrow.html',
                              {"form": form, "name": name, "nid": nid, "error_msg": "库存不足，借阅失败,预计最快归还时间: ",
                               "date": earliest_book.return_time})
            else:
                return render(request, 'book_borrow.html',
                              {"form": form, "error_msg": "该图书无库存，请检查", "name": name, "nid": nid})
        else:
            # 借阅成功，触发器：该图书的库存-1
            the_book.stock -= 1
            the_book.save()
            models.borrow_list.objects.create(
                book_id=data['bno'], card_id=nid, manager_id=id, borrow_time=data['borrow_date'],
                return_time=data['return_date'])
            return render(request, 'book_borrow.html', {"form": form, "suc_msg": "借阅成功", "name": name, "nid": nid})
    # 输入数据有误（不符合form）
    return render(request, 'book_borrow.html', {"form": form, "name": name, "nid": nid})


# 归还图书--管理员操作（管理员信息存于cookies）
# ------------------------- 创建form：还书信息   ---------------------
class Returnform(forms.Form):
    bno = forms.CharField(
        label="书号",
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control"})
    )


# 归还图书
def book_return(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    nid = request.session["info"]["nid"]

    if request.method == "GET":
        form = Returnform()
        return render(request, 'book_return.html', {"form": form, "name": name, "nid": nid})
    # POST操作，得到提交的数据
    form = Returnform(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        data = form.cleaned_data
        bno = data['bno']
        cno = nid
        # 检验借阅信息是否合理
        info = models.borrow_list.objects.filter(book_id=bno, card_id=cno)
        # 存在该条借阅记录，进行归还，触发器：库存+1
        if info:
            obj = info[0]
            obj.delete()
            the_book = models.book.objects.filter(bno=data['bno'])[0]
            the_book.stock += 1
            the_book.save()
            return render(request, 'book_return.html', {"form": form, "suc_msg": "归还成功", "name": name, "nid": nid})
        else:
            # 不存在该条记录
            return render(request, 'book_return.html',
                          {"form": form, "error_msg": "归还失败，该书不存在该借书证借阅列表中", "name": name, "nid": nid})
    return render(request, 'book_return.html', {"form": form, "name": name, "nid": nid})


# 将借书、还书整合在一起，实现对所借图书的查询
def book_modify(request):
    name = request.session["info"]["name"]
    id = request.session["info"]["id"]
    # GET操作，同时清楚原保留的借书证信息
    if request.method == "GET":
        request.session["info"]["nid"] = ""
        request.session.set_expiry(60 * 60 * 24 * 7)
        return render(request, 'book_modify.html', {'name': name})

    # POST操作，得到输入的借书证信息
    nid = request.POST.get("nid")
    card = models.card.objects.filter(cno=nid)

    if card:
        # 如果借书证存在，则返回借阅的图书信息，同时将借书证号存于缓存，用于之后归还和借阅，免除重新输入借书证号
        books = models.borrow_list.objects.filter(
            card_id=nid).order_by('book_id')
        request.session["info"]["nid"] = nid
        request.session.set_expiry(60 * 60 * 24 * 7)
        print(request.session["info"])

        queryset = []
        for obj in books:
            queryset.append(models.book.objects.get(bno=obj.book_id))
        return render(request, 'book_modify.html', {"queryset": queryset, "name": name, "nid": nid})
    else:
        # 借书证不存在
        return render(request, 'book_modify.html', {"error_msg": "无该借书证，请检查", "name": name, "nid": nid})

后台管理admin设置

from django.contrib import admin
from .models import manager, book, card, borrow_list

# 修改title和header
admin.site.site_title = '图书借阅管理系统后台'
admin.site.site_header = '图书借阅管理系统后台'


# 在后台管理系统中图书借阅数据表
@admin.register(borrow_list)
class BorrowAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 设置模型字段，用于Admin后台数据的列名设置
    list_display = ['id', 'book', 'card', 'borrow_time', 'return_time', 'manager']
    # 设置可搜索的字段并在Admin后台数据生成搜索框
    search_fields = ['id', 'book', 'card', 'borrow_time', 'return_time', 'manager']
    # 设置排序方式
    ordering = ['id']


# 在后台管理系统中注册借书卡数据表
@admin.register(card)
class CardAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 设置模型字段，用于Admin后台数据的列名设置
    list_display = ['cno', 'name', 'department', 'type']
    # 设置可搜索的字段并在Admin后台数据生成搜索框
    search_fields = ['cno', 'name', 'department', 'type']
    # 设置排序方式
    ordering = ['cno']


# 在后台管理系统中图书数据信息表
@admin.register(book)
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 设置模型字段，用于Admin后台数据的列名设置
    list_display = ['bno', 'type', 'title', 'publisher', 'author', 'year', 'price', 'total', 'stock']
    # 设置可搜索的字段并在Admin后台数据生成搜索框
    search_fields = ['bno', 'type', 'title', 'publisher', 'author']
    # 设置排序方式
    ordering = ['bno']


# 在后台管理系统中注册管理员数据表
@admin.register(manager)
class ManagerAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 设置模型字段，用于Admin后台数据的列名设置
    list_display = ['id', 'name', 'password', 'contact']
    # 设置可搜索的字段并在Admin后台数据生成搜索框
    search_fields = ['id', 'name', 'password', 'contact']
    # 设置排序方式
    ordering = ['id']

项目结构：