【Docker】docker日常工作总结（涉及基础命令、基础名词概念、镜像(1)

2401_84591984

于 2024-05-10 21:26:08 发布

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分类专栏：程序员文章标签：大数据面试学习

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✨例如：进入到centos容器中了

在这里插入图片描述

选择tag，建议使用alpine：非常小

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker run --name nginx_1 nginx
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.6
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 5.13.0-40-generic
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT\_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2022/06/02 05:58:04 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
2022/06/02 05:58:06 [notice] 1#1: signal 28 (SIGWINCH) received

宿主机（ubuntu）的端口映射容器端口（访问宿主机中的1111端口相当于访问容器中的80端口）
-p：手动指定端口
-P：不需要手动指定端口，会随机的指定端口

✨例如启动nginx手动指定端口

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker run --name nginx_2 -p 1111:80 nginx
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.6
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 5.13.0-40-generic
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT\_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 34
2022/06/02 06:06:19 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 35
^C2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: signal 2 (SIGINT) received, exiting
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 33#33: exiting
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 34#34: exiting
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 32#32: exiting
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 35#35: exiting
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 34#34: exit
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 33#33: exit
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 32#32: exit
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 35#35: exit
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 35
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: worker process 32 exited with code 0
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: worker process 35 exited with code 0
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 33
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: worker process 33 exited with code 0
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: signal 17 (SIGCHLD) received from 34
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: worker process 34 exited with code 0
2022/06/02 06:07:31 [notice] 1#1: exit

✨小写p：宿主机访问1111端口
在这里插入图片描述
✨大写P：宿主机访问49161端口（随机指定的）

🌏 目前存在的问题：1、启动nginx，终端会展示日志；2、一旦关闭终端，容器将停止工作。
解决：

🌙9、后台运行容器

-d：指定容器在后台执行
特别注意：如果是手动指定端口，需要将防火墙中的这个端口放通

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker run --name nginx_4 -P -d nginx
fa855451e519418cf4348a16dcaf52dcbd53e971bc934e196bdb3130acd72026

- -rm：退出容器后，会自动将容器删除

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker run -it --name centos_1 --rm centos
[root@f992808f12cc /]# exit
exit

🌙10、创建容器的时候指定环境变量

-e：设置全局变量

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker run --rm -it -e USERNAME=kobe -e PASSWORD=123123 centos /bin/bash
[root@0489627cb70f /]# env
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
HOSTNAME=0489627cb70f
USERNAME=kobe
PASSWORD=123123
PWD=/
HOME=/root
TERM=xterm
SHLVL=1
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
LESSOPEN=||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s
_=/usr/bin/env

🌙11、进入正在运行中的容器

exec：进入正在运行中的容器

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker exec -it centos_1 /bin/bash
[root@7e1cf2a4bec7 /]#

✨当容器太多时，查看需要的容器

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ sudo docker ps | awk '/Up/ {print $1,$NF}'
95cf126972d5 centos_2
7e1cf2a4bec7 centos_1
d992bc0fa330 nginx_test
2c4108268aa9 jenkins
ae1fd6dd1b00 mysql

🌙12、查看某个容器的进程

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/桌面$ sudo docker top centos_1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                52297               52276               0                   14:31               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash
zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/桌面$

🌙13、查看容器资源利用率

CONTAINER ID   NAME       CPU %     MEM USAGE / LIMIT     MEM %     NET I/O       BLOCK I/O     PIDS
7e1cf2a4bec7   centos_1   0.00%     2.566MiB / 3.798GiB   0.07%     3.79kB / 0B   1.43MB / 0B   1

停止容器：sudo docker stop 容器id或者容器名称
重启容器：sudo docker restart 容器id或者容器名称
暂停容器：sudo docker paush 容器id或者容器名称
取消暂停容器：sudo docker unpaush 容器id或者容器名称
删除容器：sudo docker rm 容器id或者容器名称(前提是先暂停容器)
强制删除容器：sudo docker rm -f 容器id或者容器名称

二、网络

🌙1、网络类型：

✨bridge：

nat网络模型
虚拟交换机

✨host

与宿主机共享网络
–net=host

✨none

不配置网络
–net=none

✨overlay

不同网络进行通信

🌙2、查看容器的ip地址

sudo docker inspect nginx_1：查看容器的详细信息
sudo docker exec -it nginx_1 ip a：进入容器查看容器的ip
172.17.0.5

✨第一种方法：

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker exec -it nginx_1 ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
112: eth0@if113: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:05 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.5/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

✨第二方法：

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker inspect nginx_1 | grep "IPAddress"
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",
zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker inspect nginx_2 | grep "IPAddress"
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.6",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.6",
zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker inspect nginx_3 | grep "IPAddress"
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.7",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.7",

✨查看nginx_1、nginx_2、nginx_3三个容器的ip地址

在这里插入图片描述

🌏查看nginx_1、nginx_2、nginx_3三个容器的网关地址，得到结论：用sudo docker run创建的容器会默认挂载到docker0上面，docker0作为一个桥梁进行上网。所以可以上外网

在这里插入图片描述

🌙3、创建网络：默认指定的网关地址和子网地址

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker network create -d bridge mynet2
80a7f08272dde3d0b7dd7a91b67b823415e554dd5d8bae8bee0293697b055680

✨查看详情

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker network inspect mynet2
[
    {
        "Name": "mynet2",
        "Id": "80a7f08272dde3d0b7dd7a91b67b823415e554dd5d8bae8bee0293697b055680",
        "Created": "2022-06-02T19:44:30.465164936+08:00",
        "Scope": "local",
        "Driver": "bridge",
        "EnableIPv6": false,
        "IPAM": {
            "Driver": "default",
            "Options": {},
            "Config": [
                {
                    "Subnet": "172.20.0.0/16",
                    "Gateway": "172.20.0.1"
                }
            ]
        },
        "Internal": false,
        "Attachable": false,
        "Ingress": false,
        "ConfigFrom": {
            "Network": ""
        },
        "ConfigOnly": false,
        "Containers": {},
        "Options": {},
        "Labels": {}
    }
]

🌙4、创建网络：手动指定网关

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker network create -d bridge --subnet 172.16.200.0/24 mynet3
0e062b2fd2340178cc7e6fc72377418314236f9f2be826cb504d45e18be124da

🌏使用sudo docker run 创建的容器会默认加入到docker0桥接网络里面，这个桥接网络里面是不支持通过容器的名字去访问的；
但是我们自己创建的桥接网络，除了可以使用ip地址去访问以外，还可以通过容器名称去访问。

🌙5、删除网络

sudo docker network rm 网络
如果容器正在启动中，不能直接删除网络，需要先将容器删除，再删除网络

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker network rm mynet1
[sudo] zhilong 的密码： 
mynet1

sudo docker network prune：把无用的网络删除

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/docker$ sudo docker network prune
WARNING! This will remove all custom networks not used by at least one container.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Networks:
mynet
mynet2
mynet3

三、Volume

实现容器和宿主机之间的数据共享

🌙1、介绍

使用数据卷实现数据持久化
数据备份、数据共享

将宿主机中的目录和容器中的目录进行映射
将宿主机中的文件和容器中的文件进行映射
将数据卷与容器中的目录进行映射

🌙2、例如将目录“/home/zhilong/Desktop/shell_text”与容器中的目录做映射

-v：映射
如果冒号左边的目录或者文件不存在，会自动创建数据卷，通过sudo docker volume ls查看
sudo docker inspect 数据卷名称：查看数据卷的详细信息
可以查看数据卷的路径：/var/lib/docker/volumes/数据卷名称/_data

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text$ sudo docker run --name nginx_02 -d -P -v /home/zhilong/Desktop/shell_text/nginx_test:/usr/share/nginx/html/ nginx:alpine
42ea2b7b22f51ff6f43de6362b1b81c4112e3ddf155e4c0f100c9b33acd09cbd

🌙3、在宿主机的nginx_test目录下创建一个index.html文件，通过容器去访问

🌏进入容器中，可以看到和宿主机中有一样的文件

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text$ sudo docker exec -it nginx_02
"docker exec" requires at least 2 arguments.
See 'docker exec --help'.

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]

Run a command in a running container
zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text$ sudo docker exec -it nginx_02 /bin/sh
/ # cd /usr/share/nginx/html
/usr/share/nginx/html # ls
6.html      index.html
/usr/share/nginx/html #

在这里插入图片描述

🌏在容器的/usr/share/nginx/html/目录下创建文件，也可以到宿主机中看到；容器中的目录、文件和宿主机中的文件和目录是一致的。
可以在宿主机中动态的修改文件，容器中可以动态的识别文件

🌙4、假如nginx_1容器挂掉了，去创建一个新的容器nginx_2，同样做映射，数据并不会丢

🌙5、创建数据卷

sudo docker volume create 数据卷

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/nginx_test$ sudo docker volume create v1
v1

🌙6、删除数据卷

sudo docker volume rm 数据卷

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/nginx_test$ sudo docker volume rm v101
Error: No such volume: v101



![img](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/e2e64afd46b67f2c73c4a2ae5acdf004.png)
![img](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/img_convert/7ff2ab17b1cd8725ecce6ffcb77b002f.png)

**网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。**

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1

🌙6、删除数据卷

sudo docker volume rm 数据卷

zhilong@zhilong-virtual-machine:~/Desktop/shell_text/nginx_test$ sudo docker volume rm v101
Error: No such volume: v101



[外链图片转存中...(img-78mL0xWx-1715347536488)]
[外链图片转存中...(img-ViWPjZQ7-1715347536488)]

**网上学习资料一大堆，但如果学到的知识不成体系，遇到问题时只是浅尝辄止，不再深入研究，那么很难做到真正的技术提升。**

**[需要这份系统化资料的朋友，可以戳这里获取](https://bbs.youkuaiyun.com/forums/4f45ff00ff254613a03fab5e56a57acb)**


**一个人可以走的很快，但一群人才能走的更远！不论你是正从事IT行业的老鸟或是对IT行业感兴趣的新人，都欢迎加入我们的的圈子（技术交流、学习资源、职场吐槽、大厂内推、面试辅导），让我们一起学习成长！**