2024CST预选赛——赛前复习

一、内容

本文主要练习一下：

1.运行的环境和框架

2.滚动加载的操作

3.切换窗口

4.悬停操作

二、题目流程 

 

三、代码 

package cst;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class myTest {


    private WebDriver driver;

    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp(){
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\google\\chrome-win64\\chrome-win64\\chromedriver.exe");

        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
        driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

        driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/");
        driver.manage().window().maximize();
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_UI() throws InterruptedException {


        System.out.println(1);
        driver.findElement(By.id("kw")).sendKeys("java" + Keys.ENTER);
        //滚动加载方法一
        JavascriptExecutor executor = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
        WebElement java = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("._no-spacing_lzhxo_29 em"));
        //如果移到的这个地方被导航栏遮住了
        int visible = java.getLocation().y;
        executor.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0," + (visible - 190) + ")");

        //注意：这里的winodow.scrollTo(0,visible)是滚动到可见区域，如果visible是负数，则向上滚动，如果是正数，则向下滚动，w是小写
        java.click();

        //切换窗口方法一
        driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().toArray()[1].toString());
        System.out.println(driver.getTitle());

        //悬停操作，perform()是执行前面所有的操作
        Actions actions = new Actions(driver);
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        WebElement zhiShi = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"root\"]/div/div[1]/div[5]/div[1]/div/dl[4]/dt/a"));
        actions.moveToElement(zhiShi).perform();
        driver.findElement(By.linkText("环游《山海经》")).click();


        //切换窗口方法二
        Set<String> windows = driver.getWindowHandles();
        ArrayList<String> windowList = new ArrayList<>(windows);
        driver.switchTo().window(windowList.get(windows.size()-1));
        System.out.println(driver.getTitle());


        //滚动加载方法二,点击扶桑树，要先滑到这里在进行点击
        WebElement image = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[@id=\"vertical-5\"]/div[2]/div/div[1]/div/div[1]/a/div[1]/div[2]"));
        executor.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true)", image);
        executor.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0,-70)");
        image.click();

        //获得当前页面的标题
        Set<String> windows1 = driver.getWindowHandles();
        ArrayList<String> windowList1 = new ArrayList<>(windows1);
        driver.switchTo().window(windowList1.get(windows1.size()-1));
        System.out.println(driver.getTitle());

        //返回百科专题页面，并关掉此页面
        Set<String> windows2 = driver.getWindowHandles();
        ArrayList<String> windowList2 = new ArrayList<>(windows2);
        driver.switchTo().window(windowList2.get(windows2.size()-2));
        System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        driver.close();

        //再关闭扶桑花页面

        driver.switchTo().window(driver.getWindowHandles().toArray()[2].toString());
        System.out.println("________");
        driver.close();

    }

    @AfterEach
    public void teatDown() throws InterruptedException {
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        //this.driver.quit();


    }

    public void takeScreenShot(String fileName){
        File file = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
        try {
            FileUtils.copyFile(file, new File("C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\screenshot\\"+fileName+".png"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

}

四、总结 

当你点击不到或输入不进去值的时候，可能是因为：

1.没切换到当前的窗口

2.有iframe，要先切换到iframe里，在进行操作，要操作位于iframe之外的元素，也要先切换出来

WebElement iframe = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@scrolling=\"no\"]"));

driver.switchTo().frame(iframe);

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

3.网速太慢 ，用显示等待或隐式等待

还有一个下拉框（比如选择家住在在哪个省份）

WebElement select_table = driver.findElement(By.xpath("/html/body/table/tbody/tr[6]/td[2]/select"));
             Select select = new Select(select_table);
             //通过顺序选择 0开始
             select.selectByIndex(4);//陕西
             Thread.sleep(1000);
             //通过文字选择
             select.selectByVisibleText("北京");
             Thread.sleep(1000);