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<h4>命名规约</h4>
<ul>
<li>【强制】命名约定通用准则：清晰、一致性、不能自我指涉<br>
<strong>清晰</strong>：命名应该既清晰又简短，但拒绝为了追求简短而丧失清晰性，拒绝为了简洁进行随意缩写。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命名</th>
<th style="text-align:center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>insertObject:atIndex:</td>
<td style="text-align:center">好的命名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>removeObjectAtIndex:</td>
<td style="text-align:center">好的命名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>removeObject:</td>
<td style="text-align:center">这样命名也不错，因为方法将移除通过参数引用的对象。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>destinationSelection</td>
<td style="text-align:center">好的命名</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>setBackgroundColor:</td>
<td style="text-align:center">好的命名</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>反例：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命名</th>
<th style="text-align:center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>insert:at:</td>
<td style="text-align:center">不清晰;插入什么?“at”表示什么?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>remove:</td>
<td style="text-align:center">不清晰:要移除什么?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>destSel</td>
<td style="text-align:center">不清晰，缩写含义不清</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>setBkgdColor:</td>
<td style="text-align:center">缩写含义不清</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>一致性</strong>：命名含义应该具有前后，全局的一致性，同个功能也应该使用同个名称。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命名</th>
<th style="text-align:center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>- (NSInteger)tag</td>
<td style="text-align:center">该方法同时定义在 NSView、 NSCell、 NSControl 这三个类里面。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>不能自我指涉</strong>：除掩码常量、通知外，名称不应该自我指涉(self-reference)。</p>
<p>正例：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命名</th>
<th style="text-align:center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>NSString</td>
<td style="text-align:center">可以使用</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NSUnderlineByWordMask</td>
<td style="text-align:center">掩码常量，可以使用Mask自我指涉</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NSTableViewColumnDidMoveNotification</td>
<td style="text-align:center">通知常量，可以使用Mask自我指涉</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>反例：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命名</th>
<th style="text-align:center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>NSStringObject</td>
<td style="text-align:center">NSString本身已经是Object了，不需要再在名字里显示指出</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>【强制】杜绝一切缩写，除以下已经长期使用形成共识的内容可以使用缩写。</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命名</th>
<th style="text-align:center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>alloc</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Allocate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>alt</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Alternate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>app</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Application.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>calc</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Calculate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>dealloc</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Deallocate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>func</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Function</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>horiz</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Horizontal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>info</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Information</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>init</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Initialize</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>int</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Integer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>max</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Maximum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>min</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Minimum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>msg</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Message</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>nib</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Interface Builder archive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>pboard</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Pasteboard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rect</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Rectangle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Rep</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Representation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>temp</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Temporary</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>vert</td>
<td style="text-align:center">Vertical</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】文件名、自定义类、Protocol禁止以以下系统前缀开头。<br>
【AC,AB,AS,AL,AU,AV,CX,CF,CK,CN,CA,CB,NS,CF,CG,CI,CL,CM,MIDI,CM,CS,CT,CV,EK,EA,GC,GK,GLK,GSS,HK,HM,AD,CG,IN,GS,LA,MK,MA,MP,MT,MS,MF,MTL,MTK,MDL,MC,NE,NK,NC,AL,EAGL,PK,PH,CA,QL,RP,SF,SCN,SL,SF,SK,SC,TW,UI,UN,VS,VT,WC,WK】</p></li>
<li><p>【参考】文件名、类、Protocol、常量、枚举等全局可见内容需要添加三个大写字符作为前缀，双字母前缀为 Apple 的类预留。尽管这个规范看起来有些古怪，但是这样做可以减少 Objective-C 没有命名空间所带来的问题。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】方法名、参数名、成员变量、局部变量都采用小写字符开头，名称中的单词首字符要大写的小驼峰形式。另外，请不要在方法名称中使用前缀（category方法除外）。</p></li>
</ul>
<pre><code>fileExistsAtPath:isDirectory:
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】如果方法代表一个对象执行的动作，则其名称应该以一个动词开头:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>- (void)invokeWithTarget:(id)target;
- (void)selectTabViewItem:(NSTabViewItem *)tabViewItem;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】请不要使用 “do”或者 “does”作为名称的一部分，因为这些辅助性的动词不能为名称增加更多的含义。同时，请不要在动词之前使用副词或者形容词。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】如果方法返回接收者的某个属性，则以属性名称作为方法名。如果方法没有间接地返回 一个或多个值，您也无须使用”get“这样的单词。</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (NSSize)cellSize;
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code> - (NSSize)calcCellSize;
- (NSSize)getCellSize;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】所有参数前面都应使用关键字。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (void)sendAction:(SEL)aSelector to:(id)anObject forAllCells:(BOOL)flag;
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>- (void)sendAction:(SEL)aSelector :(id)anObject :(BOOL)flag;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】如果您当前创建的方法比起它所继承的方法更有针对性，则您应该在已有的方法名称后 面添加关键字，并将其作为新方法的名称。</li>
</ul>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>命名</th>
<th style="text-align:center">说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frameRect;</td>
<td style="text-align:center">NSView</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frameRect mode:(int)aMode cellClass:(Class)factoryId numberOfRows:(int)rowsHigh numberOfColumns:(int)colsWide;</td>
<td style="text-align:center">NSMatrix 是 NSView 的子 类。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】请不要使用”and“来连接两个表示接受者属性的关键字。<br>
虽然下面的例子使用”and“这个词感觉还不错，但是随着创建的方法所带有的关键字越来 越多，这种方式会引起问题</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (int)runModalForDirectory:(NSString *)path file:(NSString *) name types:(NSArray *)fileTypes;
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>- (int)runModalForDirectory:(NSString *)path andFile:(NSString *)name andTypes:(NSArray *)fileTypes;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】如果方法描述了两个独立的动作，请使用”and“把它们连接起来。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (BOOL)openFile:(NSString *)fullPath withApplication:(NSString *)appName andDeactivate:(BOOL)flag;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】您可以使用情态动词(在动词前冠以“can”,"should","will"等)，使得方法的名称更加明 确，但是请不要使用“do”或“does”这样的情态动词。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (void)setCanHide:(BOOL)flag;
- (BOOL)canHide;
- (void)setShouldCloseDocument:(BOOL)flag;
- (BOOL)shouldCloseDocument;
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>- (void)setDoesAcceptGlyphInfo:(BOOL)flag;
- (BOOL)doesAcceptGlyphInfo;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】只有当方法间接地返回对象或者数值，您才需要在方法名称中使用 get"。这种格式只适 用于需要返回多个数据项的方法。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (void)getLineDash:(float *)pattern count:(int*)count phase:(float *)phase;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】下面是数条和方法参数命名相关的通用规则:<br>
(1)和方法名称一样， 参数的名称也是以小写的字符开头，并且后续单词的首字符要大写。 例如:removeObject:(id)anObject。<br>
(2)请不要在参数名称中使用"pointer"或者"ptr"。您应该使用参数的类型来声明参数是否是 一个指针。<br>
(3)请不要使用一到两个字符的名称作为参数名。<br>
(4)请不要使用只剩几个字符的缩写。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】方法名称的开头应标识出发送消息的对象所属的类:</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (BOOL)tableView:(NSTableView *)tableView shouldSelectRow:(int)row;
- (BOOL)application:(NSApplication *)sender openFile:(NSString
*)filename;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】如果调用某个方法是为了通知委托某个事件已经发生或者即将发生， 则请在方法名称 中使用“did”或者“will”这样的助动词。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (void)browserDidScroll:(NSBrowser *)sender;
- (NSUndoManager *)windowWillReturnUndoManager:(NSWindow *)window;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】如果调用某个方法是为了要求委托代表其他对象执行某件事，当然，您也可以在方法名 称中使用“did”或者“will”，但我们倾向于使用“should”。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender;
</code></pre>
<h4>常量定义</h4>
<ul>
<li>【强制】请使用NS_ENUM枚举类型来表示一群相互关联的整数值常量。枚举项以枚举类型为前缀。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<pre><code>typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger,NSMatrixMode) {
NSMatrixModeRadio = 0,
NSMatrixModeHighlight = 1,
NSMatrixModeList = 2,
NSMatrixModeTrack = 3
} ;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】请使用NS_OPTIONS定义一组相互关联的位移枚举常量。位移枚举常量是可以组合使用的。枚举项以枚举类型为前缀。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例:</p>
<pre><code>typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger,NSMatrixModeMask) {
NSMatrixModeMaskBorderless = 0,
NSMatrixModeMaskTitled = 1 << 0,
NSMatrixModeMaskClosable = 1 << 1,
NSMatrixModeMaskMiniaturizable = 1 << 2,
NSMatrixModeMaskResizable = 1 << 3
};
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】请使用 const 来创建浮点值常量。如果某个整数值常量和其他的常量不相关，您也可以使用 const 来创建，否则，则应使用枚举类型。下面的声明展示了 const 常量的格式:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>const float NSLightGray;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】通常情况下，请不要使用#define 预处器理命令创建常量。对于整数值常量，请使用枚举类型创建，而对于浮点值常量，请使用const 修饰符创建。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】有些符号，预处理器需要对其进行计算，以便决定是否要对某一代码块进行处理，则它 们应该使用大写字符表示。例如:</p></li>
</ul>
<pre><code>#ifdef DEBUG
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】推荐使用常量来代替字符串字面值和数字。常量应该用 static 声明为静态常量，而不要用 #define，除非它明确的作为一个宏来使用。<br>
这样能够方便复用，而且可以快速修改而不需要查找和替换</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>static NSString * const ZOCCacheControllerDidClearCacheNotification = @"ZOCCacheControllerDidClearCacheNotification";
static const CGFloat ZOCImageThumbnailHeight = 50.0f;
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>#define CompanyName @"Apple Inc."
#define magicNumber 42
</code></pre>
<p>常量应该在头文件中以这样的形式暴露给外部：</p>
<pre><code>extern NSString *const ZOCCacheControllerDidClearCacheNotification;
</code></pre>
<p>并在实现文件中为它赋值。</p>
<ul>
<li>【强制】异常使用全局的 NSString 对象来标识，其名称按如下的方式进行组合:异常名称中的具有唯一性的那部分，其组成词应该拼写在一起， 并且每个单词的首字符要大写。<br>
[Prefix] + [UniquePartOfName] + Exception</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>NSColorListIOException
NSColorListNotEditableException
NSDraggingException
NSFontUnavailableException
NSIllegalSelectorException
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】Notification消息使用全局的 NSString 对象进行标识，其名称按如下的方式组合:<br>
[Name of associated class] + [Did | Will] + [UniquePartOfName] + Notification</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>NSApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification
NSWindowDidMiniaturizeNotification
NSTextViewDidChangeSelectionNotification
NSColorPanelColorDidChangeNotification
</code></pre>
<h4>类定义规约</h4>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】要尽可能地使用属性定义代替无修饰的实例变量。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>@interface Item : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString* name;
@end
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>@interface Item : NSObject {
NSString* _name
}
@end
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】如果需要自定义property的getter或setter方法时，请在声明property时一起声明掉。</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>@property(getter=my_XXX ,setter=my_setXXX) id xxx;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】对外暴露的属性，尽量定义为readonly。</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】不建议使用@dynamic修饰属性，除非你真的知道自己在干什么。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】在为某个类添加实例变量时，请记住下面几个因素:<br>
(1)只暴露必须的对外接口或属性在.h中，其它private保留在.m里。<br>
(2)请确保实例变量的名称能够扼要地描述它所保存的属性。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】不复写任何 <code>+ (void) load</code>方法。所有的load方法的执行在Class的装载阶段，会延长App的启动时间.且如果存在稳定性问题，也没有可以修复的时机。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】<code>+（void）initialize</code>必须判断class类型或使用<code>dispatch_once</code>防止执行多次.<br>
由于任何继承类也会执行父类的<code>initilize</code>，所以这里一定要做类型判断，或使用<code>dispatch_once</code>来保障不会执行多次</p></li>
</ul>
<pre><code>if (self == [NSFoo class]) {
// the initializing code
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】不应该显式地调用 <code>initialize</code>方法。如果需要触发初始化行为，则请调用一些无害的方法。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>[NSImage self];
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>[NSImage initialize];
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】在property的getter方法里不能再显式或者隐式的调用同一个property的getter方法，会导致死循环。</li>
</ul>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>@interface ALPerson : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@end
@implementation ALPerson
- (void)setName:(NSString *)name {
self.name = name;//死循环！
}
@end
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】方法调用，方法调用应尽量保持与方法声明的格式一致。当格式的风格有多种选择时，新的代码要与已有代码保持一致。</li>
</ul>
<p>调用时所有参数应该在同一行：</p>
<pre><code>[myObject doSomethingWith:arg1 name:arg2 error:arg3];
</code></pre>
<p>或者每行一个参数，以冒号对齐：</p>
<pre><code>[myObject doSomethingWith:arg1
name:arg2
error:arg3];
</code></pre>
<p>方法定义与方法声明一样，当关键字的长度不足以以冒号对齐时，下一行都要以四个空格进行缩进。</p>
<pre><code>[myObj short:arg1
longKeyword:arg2
evenLongerKeyword:arg3];
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】使用<code>nonnull、nullable,__kindof</code>来修饰方入参数、返回值、属性</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>@property (nonatomic, strong, nonnull) Sark *sark;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly, nullable) NSArray *friends;
+ (nullable NSString *)friendWithName:(nonnull NSString *)name;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】禁止从<code>designated initializer</code> 里面调用一个 <code>secondary initializer</code>。如果这样，调用很可能会调用一个子类重写的<code>init</code>方法并且陷入无限递归之中。<br>
a. Objective-C 有指定初始化方法<code>(designated initializer)</code>和间接<code>(secondary initializer)</code>初始化方法的观念。<code>designated</code> 初始化方法是提供所有的参数，<code>secondary</code> 初始化方法是一个或多个，并且提供一个或者更多的默认参数来调用<code>designated</code> 初始化的初始化方法。<br>
b. 一个类应该有且只有一个<code>designated</code>初始化方法，其他的初始化方法应该调用这个<code>designated</code>的初始化方法<br>
c. 在希望提供你自己的初始化函数的时候，应该遵守这三个步骤来保证获得正确的行为：<br>
(1)定义你的<code>designated initializer</code>，确保调用了直接超类的 <code>designated initializer</code>。<br>
(2)重载直接超类的 <code>designated initializer</code>。调用你的新的 <code>designated initializer</code>。<br>
(3)为新的 <code>designated initializer</code> 写文档。可以用编译器的指令 <code>__attribute__((objc_designated_initializer))</code>来标记。用编译器指令<code>__attribute__((unavailable(Invoke the new designated initializer))</code>让父类的 <code>designated initializer</code> 失效.</li>
</ul>
<p>正例</p>
<pre><code>@interface ZOCNewsViewController : UIViewController
- (instancetype)initWithNews:(ZOCNews *)news __attribute__((objc_designated_initializer));
- (instancetype)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil __attribute__((unavailable("Invoke the designated initializer,call initWithNews:")));
- (instancetype)init __attribute__((unavailable("Invoke the designated initializer,call initWithNews:"));
@end
@implementation ZOCNewsViewController
- (id)initWithNews:(ZOCNews *)news
{
//调用直接父类的 designated initializer
self = [super initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil];
if (self) {
_news = news;
}
return self;
}
// 重载直接父类的 designated initializer
// 如果你没重载 initWithNibName:bundle: ，而且调用者决定用这个方法初始化你的类(这是完全合法的)。 initWithNews: 永远不会被调用，所以导致了不正确的初始化流程，你的类的特定初始化逻辑没有被执行。
- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
// call the new designated initializer
return [self initWithNews:nil];
}
@end
</code></pre>
<p>反例</p>
<pre><code>@implementation ParentObject
//designated initializer
- (instancetype)initWithURL:(NSString*)url title:(NSString*)title {
if (self = [super init]) {
_url = [url copy];
_title = [title copy];
}
return self;
}
//secondary initializer
- (instancetype)initWithURL:(NSString*)url {
return [self initWithURL:url title:nil];
}
@end
@interface ChildObject : ParentObject
@end
@implementation ChildObject
//designated initializer
- (instancetype)initWithURL:(NSString*)url title:(NSString*)title {
//在designated intializer中调用 secondary initializer，错误的
if (self = [super initWithURL:url]) {
}
return self;
}
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
// 这里会死循环
ChildObject* child = [[ChildObject alloc] initWithURL:@"url" title:@"title"];
}
@end
</code></pre>
<h4>注释规约</h4>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】头文件中的暴露的方法或者属性都必须添加注释</p></li>
<li><p>注释建议使用Xcode自带工具插入默认格式。<code>option+command+/</code>即可自动插入。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】自动生成的代码注释中的<code>placeholder</code>要替换掉</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】建议对于复杂难懂逻辑添加注释</p></li>
</ul>
<h4>代码组织规约</h4>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】当一个类功能很多时，建议使用Category的方式进行功能划分,这些Category可以放在同一个文件中。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<pre><code>@interface UIViewController (UIViewControllerRotation)
+ (void)attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)toInterfaceOrientation NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0, 6_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;
@end
@interface UIViewController (UILayoutSupport)
@property(nonatomic,readonly,strong) id<UILayoutSupport> topLayoutGuide NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
@property(nonatomic,readonly,strong) id<UILayoutSupport> bottomLayoutGuide NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
@end
@interface UIViewController (UIKeyCommand)
- (void)addKeyCommand:(UIKeyCommand *)keyCommand NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
- (void)removeKeyCommand:(UIKeyCommand *)keyCommand NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);
@end
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】建议使用<code>#pragma marks -</code>来进行方法分组，提高可读性，具体样例如下，建议把生命周期，事件，property方法以及protocol方法进行区分。</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<pre><code>#pragma mark - Lifecycle
- (instancetype)init {}
- (void)dealloc {}
- (void)viewDidLoad {}
- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {}
- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {}
#pragma mark - Custom Accessors
- (void)setCustomProperty:(id)value {}
- (id)customProperty {}
#pragma mark - IBActions
- (IBAction)submitData:(id)sender {}
#pragma mark - Public
- (void)publicMethod {}
#pragma mark - Private
- (void)privateMethod {}
#pragma mark - Protocol conformance
#pragma mark - UITextFieldDelegate
#pragma mark - UITableViewDataSource
#pragma mark - UITableViewDelegate
#pragma mark - NSCopying
- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {}
#pragma mark - NSObject
- (NSString *)description {}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】建议合理使用group或folder来组织工程结构，而不是全部放在source里，物理group与工程中group要对应</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】过期方法，不要直接删除，先标记为<code>depcrated</code>。</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】建议类继承关系不要超过2层，并且抽取公共逻辑到父类，尽量避免父类，子类方法调用跳跃</p></li>
<li><p>【参考】尽量减少继承，可以考虑组合，<code>category，protocol</code>等方式</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】每个文件.m的方法数目不应该超过20个，每个方法的行数不应该超过200行。</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>每个方法应该只做一件事情。当函数过长时，它做的事情通常会不明确，后续会很难理解与维护。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>【强制】函数内嵌套不能太深,一个函数内大括号里嵌套大括号不能超过三层。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>超过三层已经很难理解一个函数的作用，可以将其中的一些逻辑抽离成一个单独的函数</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】建议业务bundle使用统一的前缀来标识</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】头文件中只暴露出需要给他人调用的类、方法及属性，私有类、方法、变量放在.m中</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】Release包必须关闭Log</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】必须清理工程中的所有warning</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】长条件判断建议使用bool变量来代替</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>太长不容易调试，且不直观。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>BOOL isConditionSatisfied = (1 == a.x && 3==b.y && 2 == c.x);
if (isConditionSatisfied){
doSomething()
}
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>if (a.x = 1 && b.y =3 && c.x = 2){
doSomething()
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】条件判断,推荐加大括号，即使一行，容易导致的错误为，当 if 语句里面的一行被注释掉，下一行就会在不经意间成为了这个 if 语句的一部分。<a href="http://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/16528/single-statement-if-block-braces-or-no/16530#16530" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">参考</a>
</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>if (!error) {
return success;
}
</code></pre>
<p>反对：</p>
<pre><code>if (!error)
return success;
</code></pre>
<p>或</p>
<pre><code>if (!error) return success;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】对三目运算使用时，要注意简化，<code>x=a?a:b</code>只要写成<code>x=a?:b</code> 即可；</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】编写<code>switch</code>语句的时候, 一定要实现<code>default:</code>，防止外部异常调用，内部没有处理的情况,</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】<code>switch</code>里每个<code>case</code>里需要强制有<code>break;</code></p></li>
<li><p>【强制】<code>switch</code>里每个<code>case</code>里都要使用<code>{}</code>所有代码括起来,就算只有一行;</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>最佳实践</h2>
<h4>多线程</h4>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】自建线程必须命名。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】多线程访问同一个对象时，必须注意临界区的保护</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】单例创建要使用线程安全模式，并且禁止在单例的<code>init</code>方法中使用<code>dispatch_sync</code>来阻塞线程，极易出现死锁</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>+ (instancetype)sharedInstance {
static id sharedInstance = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
sharedInstance = [[self alloc] init];
});
return sharedInstance;
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】在多线程环境下使用懒加载方式加载变量，会有<code>crash</code>风险，必须加锁<em>保护</em>
</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>//多线程环境下调用
- (NSCache *)contactCache
{
if (!_contactCache) {
@synchronized(self) {
if (!_contactCache) {
_contactCache = [[NSCache alloc] init];
_contactCache.name = @"contactCache";
}
}
}
return _contactCache;
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】<code>performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:</code>要在有<code>Runloop</code>的线程里调用，否则调用无法生效。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>说明：异步线程默认是没有<code>runloop</code>的，除非手动创建；而主线程是系统会自动创建<code>Runloop</code>的。所以在异步线程调用是请先确保该线程是有<code>Runloop</code>的。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】禁止随意创建长驻线程，除非是在整个app运行周期内都必须存在且有任务运行的。</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】<code>NSNotificationCenter</code>在iOS 8及更老系统上存在多线程bug，<code>selector</code>执行到一半时可能会因为<code>self</code>销毁而触发<code>crash</code>，解决方案是在<code>selector</code>里开始的地方引入下面的宏：</p></li>
</ul>
<pre><code>- (void)onMultiThreadNotificationTrigged:(NSNotification *)notify
{
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
__strong typeof(self) strongSelf = wself;
if (! weakSelf) {
return;
}
[strongSelf doSomething];
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】在多线程应用中，<code>Notification</code>在哪个线程中<code>post</code>，就在哪个线程中被转发，而不一定是在注册观察者的那个线程中。如果发送消息的不在主线程，而接受消息的回调里做了UI操作，需要让其在主线程执行。</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】仅当必须保证顺序执行时才使用<code>dispatch_sync</code>，否则容易出现死锁，应避免使用，可使用<code>dispatch_async</code>。</p></li>
</ul>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>// 禁止。出现死锁，报错:EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION。原因:在主队列中同步的添加一个block到主队列中
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
dispatch_block_t block = ^() {
NSLog(@"%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
};
dispatch_sync(mainQueue, block);
}
</code></pre>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code> // 推荐
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
dispatch_block_t block = ^() {
NSLog(@"%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
};
dispatch_async(mainQueue, block); //使用异步操作
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【参考】使用 <code>performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:</code>和 <code>cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget</code>组合的时候要小心</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
<code>afterDelay</code>会增加receiver的引用计数，<code>cancel</code>则会对应减一</li>
<li>如果在<code>receiver</code>的引用计数只剩下1 （仅为delay）时，调用<code>cancel</code>之后会立即销毁<code>receiver</code>，后续再调用<code>receiver</code>的方法就会<code>crash</code>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
[NSObject cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:self];
if (!weakSelf)
{
//NSLog(@"self被销毁");
return;
}
[self doOther];
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】禁止在非主线程中进行UI元素的操作</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】在主线程中禁止进行同步网络资源读取，使用<code>NSURLSession</code>进行异步获取</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】如果需要进行大文件或者多文件的IO操作，禁止主线程使用，必须进行异步处理</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】对剪贴板的读取必须要放在异步线程处理，最新Mac和iOS里的剪贴板共享功能会导致有可能需要读取大量的内容，导致读取线程被长时间阻塞</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
UIPasteboard *pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard];
if (pasteboard.string.length > 0) {//这个方法会阻塞线程
NSString *text = [pasteboard.string copy];
[pasteboard setValue:@"" forPasteboardType:UIPasteboardNameGeneral];
if (text == nil || [text isEqualToString:@""]) {
return ;
}
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
[self processShareCode:text];
});
}
});
</code></pre>
<h4>内存管理</h4>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】请慎重使用单例，避免造成产生不必要的常驻内存。</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】单例初始化方法中尽量保证单一职责,尤其不要进行其他单例的调用。极端情况下，两个单例对象在各自的单例初始化方法中调用，会造成死锁。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】<code>Delegate</code>需要用<code>weak</code>进行引用。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】使用<code>block</code>时，需要在<code>block</code>访问外部<code>weak</code>修饰的<code>self</code>，内部在重新<code>strong</code>处理。避免<code>RetainCycle</code>。</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】<code>strong</code>引用 子实例，<code>weak</code>引用<code>parent</code>，基础类型使用<code>assign，NSString，NSArray，block</code>使用<code>copy</code></p></li>
<li><p>【强制】对类添加属性时使用 <code>copy</code>方式还是使用<code>retain</code>方式规约：</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>对实现 <code>NSCopying</code>协议的对象使用<code>copy</code>方式。通常情况下,诸如<code>NSString、NSURL, block,NSArray</code> 这样的对象应该能被copy;</li>
<li>像<code>UIView</code>的对象则应该可以被保持。<code>strong</code>引用 子实例，<code>weak</code>引用<code>parent.</code>
</li>
<li>基础类型使用<code>assign</code>。</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】在<code>dealloc</code>中要记得要<code>remove observer， callback=null</code></p></li>
<li><p>【强制】会循环使用的<code>Timer</code>(指定了<code>repeat</code>参数为<code>YES</code>)，必须要在合适的时机调用<code>invalidate</code>方法，否则会出现内存泄漏，在使用类的析构函数中调用<code>Timer</code>的<code>invalidate</code>方法为时已晚，因为<code>timer</code>会对其传递的目标<code>object</code>增加引用计数，若不调用<code>invalidate</code>，使用类根本得不到析构。<br>
对于指定了<code>repeat</code>参数为<code>NO</code>的<code>Timer</code>，则可以不调用<code>invalidate</code>方法。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】在<code>init</code> 和<code>dealloc</code>中不允许使用<code>self</code>访问属性（父类属性除外），只允许通过"_变量名"直接访问。</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>容易出现重复创建对象，甚至<code>crash</code>问题</li>
<li>在<code>init</code>和<code>dealloc</code>阶段，<code>self</code>是一个不完整的对象。</li>
<li>由于<code>accessor</code>方法是可以被子类重写的，在调用父类<code>init</code>初始化的时候，使用<code>self</code>访问属性会调到子类重写的（如果有）<code>getter</code>或<code>setter</code>，这就出现了先于子类<code>init</code>访问其属性或调用子类方法的情况，如果子类<code>getter</code>或<code>setter</code>中有一些特殊的处理逻辑，在某些极端情况下就可能出现行为不一致的问题。 由于在<code>init</code>函数返回前，对象结构和结构是不稳定的，在<code>init</code>函数内对任何方法的调用（尤其是<code>public</code>方法）都应该慎之又慎。<code>dealloc</code>同理。</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】在非<code>init</code>和<code>dealloc</code>方法中访问属性推荐通过<code>getter</code>方法获取，不推荐直接使用“_变量名”。</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】在<code>init</code>中不需要直接使用的<code>Property</code>,建议使用<code>lazyloading</code>的方法创建。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】在创建大量临时的<code>UIImage</code>，或者 <code>Model</code> 之类的对象的时，用<code>@autoreleasepool</code>使<code>autorelease</code> 对象在结束时间释放，缓解内存的压力。比如：</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>NSMutableArray *dataList = [NSMutableArray new];
NSMutableArray *imageList = [NSMutableArray new];
[dataList enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSDictionary *dict, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {
@autoreleasepool {
NSData *data = dataList[idx];
UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:data];
//可能对 image 进行一些处理，裁剪之类的
[imageList addObject:image];
}
}];
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【强制】在使用到 <code>UIScrollView，UITableView，UICollectionView</code>的 <code>Class</code> 中，需要在<code>dealloc</code>方法里手动的把对应的 <code>delegate, dataSouce</code>置为 <code>nil</code>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>防止在<code>scrollView</code>滑动时页面退出，<code>delegate</code>释放,出现<code>crash</code>问题</li>
<li>苹果在iOS9上已经将以上类的<code>delegate</code>及<code>datasource</code>由<code>assign</code>改为了<code>weak</code>,如果只支持9.0以上，则不需要手动置<code>nil</code>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】在<code>dealloc</code>中，避免将<code>self</code>作为参数传递。如果被<code>retain</code>住，到下个<code>runloop</code>周期再次释放，则会造成多次释放<code>crash</code>。</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>-(void)dealloc{
[self unsafeMethod:self];
//因为当前已经在self所指向对象的销毁阶段，如果在unsafeMethod:中将self放到了autorelease pool中，那么self会被retain住，计划下个runloop周期再进行销毁；但是dealloc运行结束后，self对象的内存空间就直接被回收了，self变成了野指针
//当到了下个runloop周期，self指向的对象实际上已经被销毁，会因为非法访问造成crash问题
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】除非是非法参数等提前判断提前<code>return</code>的可以写在最前面。其他的<code>return</code>建议有效返回值尽量只剩最后一个。提前<code>return</code>时，要注意是否有对象没有被释放(常见的有<code>CF对象</code>)，是否有锁没有释放等配对问题。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】禁止一次性申请超过10MB的内存。</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>内存过高将会导致app被kill，并且没有crash堆栈。而申请大内存将会增加内存峰值，更容易出现内存过高而crash。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4>集合</h4>
<p>包括，但不限于 <code>NSMutableDictionay,NSMutableArray,NSMutableSet</code></p>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】插入对象需要做判空处理。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】注意线程安全问题，必要时加锁，保障线程安全</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】先<code>copy</code>，再枚举操作，禁止对非临时变量的可变集合进行枚举操作，多线程情况下有可能因为可变集合在进行枚举时发生改变进而crash。</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>//正确的写法
- (void)checkAllValidItems{
[_arrayLock lock];
NSArray *array = [oldArray copy];
[_arrayLock unlock];
[array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
//do something using obj
}];
}
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>//错误的写法
-(void)checkAllValidItems{
[self.allItems enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {
//do something using obj
//如果在enumerate过程中其它线程对self.allItems进行了变更操作，这里就会引发crash
}];
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】大部分情况下都不使用可变集合作为成员变量，如果确实需要进行集合的增删改操作，使用临时可变集合变量处理，之后再进行赋值操作。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】禁止返回<code>mutable</code>对象，禁止<code>mutable</code>对象作为入参传递。</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】如果使用<code>NSMutableDictionary</code>作为缓存，推荐使用<code>NSCache</code>代替</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】容器类使用泛型来指定对象的类型</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>@property (readonly) NSArray<NSURL *> *imageURLs;
NSDictionary<NSString *, NSNumber *> *mapping = @{@"a": @1, @"b": @2};
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>@property (readonly) NSArray *imageURLs;
NSDictionary *mapping = @{@"a": @1, @"b": @2};
</code></pre>
<h4>字符串</h4>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】当使用<code>keypaths:@"xx"</code>时候，尽量使用<code>NSStringFromSelector(@selector(xx))</code>方式，防止某个<code>key</code>被删除后没有编译感知</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】取<code>substring</code>的时候要考虑<code>emoji</code>字符的问题，防止截到中间<code>crash</code></p></li>
</ul>
<pre><code>- (NSString *)dt_substringToIndex:(NSUInteger)index
{
//... 越界判断
NSRange wRange = [self rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange:NSMakeRange(0, index)];
return [self substringWithRange:wRange];
}
</code></pre>
<h4>锁</h4>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】专锁专用，一个<code>lock</code>对象只负责一个任务。这样可以在逻辑上进行区分，也可以避免潜在的死锁问题</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】不同锁的使用场景：<br>
(1)性能最好的属<code>pthread_mutex、dispatch_semaphore</code>，另外<code>dispatch_semaphore</code>在等待的时候会释放CPU资源，所以适合用在等待耗时较长的场景；<br>
(2)<code>@synchronized</code>是最简单易用的递归锁，不会有忘记<code>unlock</code>的情况，但性能也是最低的，适合用在对性能要求不高的场景;<br>
(3)其他的还有<code>NSLock</code>，性能介于上面二者之间，也有对应的条件锁<code>NSConditionLock</code>和递归锁<code>NSRecursiveLock</code>，因为是<code>Objective-C</code>对象，适合用在偏<code>Objective-C</code>编程的场景，比如需要把锁存放在<code>NSDictionary</code>中的场景。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】在使用锁的过程中如果要<code>return</code>，切记要先进行<code>unlock</code>; 如果可能有<code>exception</code>发生，那么需要在<code>@finally</code>中进行锁的释放</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>- (void) exclusiveMethod1{
[self.lock lock];
if (condition == true){
//这里要记得unlcok，否则下次在进入这个方法就会发生线程被死锁的问题
[self.lock unlock];
return;
}
[self.lock unlock];
}
- (void) exclusiveMethod2{
[self.lock lock];
@try{
//异常发生
}@catch(NSException* ex){
}@finally{
//此处需要进行锁的回收
[self.lock unlock];
}
}
</code></pre>
<h4>IO</h4>
<ul>
<li><p>【参考】尽量减少使用<code>NSUserDefault</code>.</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】<code>[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]</code>会<code>block</code>当前线程直到所有<code>UserDefault</code>里的内容写回存储；如果内容过多，重复调用的话会严重影响性能。建议只有在合适的时候（比如退到后台）再进行持久化操作（此方法即将<code>deprecated</code>，可以不再调用）</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】一些经常被读取的本地文件建议做好内存缓存，减少IO开销</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】文件存储路径请遵循以下规则：</p></li>
</ul>
<p>(1) <code>Documents</code>目录：您应该将所有的应用程序数据文件写入到这个目录下。这个目录用于存储用户数据。该路径可通过配置实现iTunes共享文件。可被iTunes备份。<br>
(2) <code>AppName.app</code> 目录：这是应用程序的程序包目录，包含应用程序的本身。由于应用程序必须经过签名，所以您在运行时不能对这个目录中的内容进行修改，否则可能会使应用程序无法启动。<br>
(3) <code>Library</code>目录：这个目录下有两个子目录：<br>
<code>Preferences</code> 目录：包含应用程序的偏好设置文件。您不应该直接创建偏好设置文件，而是应该使用<code>NSUserDefaults</code>类来取得和设置应用程序的偏好.<br>
<code>Caches</code> 目录：用于存放应用程序专用的支持文件，保存应用程序再次启动过程中需要的信息。<br>
可创建子文件夹。可以用来放置您希望被备份但不希望被用户看到的数据。该路径下的文件夹，除<code>Caches</code>以外，都会被iTunes备份。<br>
(4) <code>tmp</code> 目录：这个目录用于存放临时文件，保存应用程序再次启动过程中不需要的信息。该路径下的文件不会被iTunes备份。</p>
<h4>UI</h4>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】不要在除了<code>viewDidLoad</code>方法之外调用<code>ViewController</code>的<code>self.view</code>来进行<code>view</code>操作，特别是在一些系统通知之类的回调中，有可能造成<code>self.view</code>创建出来之后没有被加入到当前层级，导致子<code>view</code>的诡异问题.</li>
</ul>
<pre><code>- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning{
[super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
[self.view doSomething]; //如果当VC已经被创建，但是view还没有加入到view层级中时(比如Tabbar初始化之后的非选中VC)，此时接收到了内存警告，那么self.view会被直接创建，没有加入到层级，导致其子view可能处于异常的状态
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】如果想要获取<code>app</code>的<code>window</code>,不要<code>view.window</code>来获取,可以使用<code>[[UIApplication sharedApplication] keyWindow]</code>来获取。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>说明：如果<code>view</code>不在展示时，获取<code>window</code>会是<code>nil</code>，而不是真正的<code>app</code>所在的<code>window</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】UI对象只允许在主线程访问。（避免在异步线程里释放，这样可以避免在<code>dealloc</code>时访问<code>view</code>结构导致问题）</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】禁止在<code>ViewController</code>的<code>dealloc</code>方法中访问<code>self.view</code>，会导致已经释放的<code>view</code>被再次重建，可能会造成各种不可预知的问题</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】显示带<code>textfield</code>的<code>alert</code>之前，一定要确保键盘不在显示状态，否则会<code>crash</code></p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/29637443/nsinteralinconsistencyexception-uikeyboardlayoutalignmentview" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">参考文章</a><br>
可以直接： <code>[[[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate window] endEditing:YES];</code></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>【强制】禁止使用<code>drawViewHierarchyInRect</code>截屏</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>原因：截屏会消耗大内存和耗性能，不建议使用该技术方案.<br>
推荐使用 <code>snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates</code></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】不建议将<code>UIView</code>类的对象加入到<code>NSDictionary, NSSet,</code>如有需要可以添加到<code>NSMapTable</code> 和 <code>NSHashTable</code>。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><code>NSDictionary,NSSet</code>会对加入的对象做<code>strong</code>引用，而<code>NSMapTable、NSHashTable</code>会对加入的对象做<code>weak</code>引用。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4>Category</h4>
<ul>
<li>【强制】<code>category</code>方法加自定义前缀。防止与其它人冲突。</li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>@interface NSString(category)
- (NSString*)ali_stripWhiteSpace;
@end
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>@interface NSString(category)
- (NSString*)stripWhiteSpace;
@end
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】禁止<code>category</code>方法覆盖系统方法，防止出现方法调用的不确定性</p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】对于一些提供<code>category</code>的工具库，建议根据不同类型功能拆分成不同的子<code>bundle</code>，方便引用方按需引用，控制<code>App</code>体积</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】Category的源文件名称必须是“类名+扩展名.{h,m}”</p></li>
</ul>
<p>正例：</p>
<pre><code>NSString+ALiCategory.h
</code></pre>
<p>反例：</p>
<pre><code>NSStringALiCategory.h
NSString_ALiCategory.h
</code></pre>
<h4>异常</h4>
<ul>
<li>【强制】不要在<code>@finally</code>块中使用<code>return</code>或者<code>@throw</code>等导致方法执行中断的语句，会导致<code>@try</code>内的<code>return</code>失效</li>
</ul>
<h4>其它</h4>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】使用<code>Method swizzle</code>之前考虑是否有其他方法可以代替，禁止<code>swizzle</code>其他基础库，二方三方库的方法</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】<code>NSNotification</code>接口，<code>userInfo</code>和<code>object</code>的使用要规范。</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>说明：<code>object</code>通常是指发出<code>notification</code>的对象，如果在发送<code>notification</code>的同时要传递一些信息，请使用<code>userInfo</code>,而不是<code>object.</code></p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>【推荐】在使用固定格式的<code>dateFormatter</code>时候，需要设置<code>setLocale</code>为<code>"en_US_POSIX"</code>，防止一些不同日历下格式异常，</li>
</ul>
<p>示例：</p>
<pre><code>NSDate* now = [NSDate date];
NSDateFormatter* fmt = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
fmt.locale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US_POSIX"];
NSString* string = "1996-12-19T16:39:57-08:00";
NSDate* date = fmt.dateFromString(string);
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li><p>【推荐】在使用<code>CTTelephonyNetworkInfo</code>的时候，务必使用全局的单例实例，这个类本身存在bug，如果有多实例会存在会导致小概率的crash。</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】调用<code>block</code>时务必判断<code>block</code>是否为<code>nil</code></p></li>
<li><p>【推荐】调用<code>delegate</code>的<code>optional</code>方法时，判断<code>delegate</code>能否响应该方法，避免<code>crash</code></p></li>
<li><p>【强制】禁止访问对象的结构体变量（使用->）</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】需要使用磁盘缓存的业务，务必提供清理缓存的能力</p></li>
<li><p>【强制】对于不确定对象类型的比较，可以使用<code>isEqual:</code>方法，其会对类型进行判断；对于确定对象类型的比较，比如<code>NSString</code>，可以使用<code>isEqualToString：</code>，其不对类型进行判断，但相比前者性能更好。</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>工程规约</h2>
<h4>版本管理规约</h4>
<ul>
<li>【建议】遵循语义化版本号规范，版本格式：主版本号.次版本号.修订号，版本号递增规则如下：</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>主版本号：当你做了不兼容的 API 修改，<br>
次版本号：当你做了向下兼容的功能性新增，<br>
修订号：当你做了向下兼容的问题修正。<br>
先行版本号及版本编译信息可以加到“主版本号.次版本号.修订号”的后面，作为延伸。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>【建议】App灰度使用四位版本号</p></li>
<li><p>【建议】业务方维护自己业务SDK的版本号，不要使用主App的版本号来做业务逻辑判断，如果有需要可以使用业务SDK的版本号来判断</p></li>
</ul>
<h4>分支管理</h4>
<ul>
<li><p>【建议】主分支Master<br>
代码库应该有一个、且仅有一个主分支。所有提供给用户使用的正式版本，都在这个主分支上发布。</p></li>
<li><p>【建议】开发分支Develop<br>
日常开发分支在Develop,如果想正式对外发布，就在Master分支上，对Develop分支进行"合并"（merge）。</p></li>
<li><p>【建议】临时性分支，按不同的需求，开启相应的临时分支，使用完以后，应该删除</p></li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>功能（feature）分支<br>
预发布（release）分支<br>
修补bug（fixbug）分支</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li><p>【强制】每次版本发布之后，都应该在代码仓库中对应的节点添加tag，保证版本的可回溯</p></li>
<li><p>【参考】在 Git 提交时可以使用 [添加]，[修改]，[删除]，[修复]，[更新]等前缀词语来表明当前的Commit 信息。</p></li>
</ul>
<h4>包管理</h4>
<ul>
<li>【参考】可以使用CocoaPods作为包管理工具</li>
<li>【强制】检查<code>podspec</code>的<code>resource</code>选项，不要把<code>Podfile、podspec、InfoPlist.strings、Info.plist</code>或者源文件等导出到使用方的工程中</li>
</ul>
<h2>Show Me The Code!</h2>
<p>千言万语，不如直接看代码。这里我们简单写了一个Demo，用于展示规约中比较常见的一些条款的应用。</p>
<pre><code>#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
/**
性别的枚举值
- ALIPersonGenderMale: 男人
- ALIPersonGenderFemale: 女人
- ALIPersonGenderUnknown: 不知道是男是女
*/
typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, ALIPersonGender) {
ALIPersonGenderMale,
ALIPersonGenderFemale,
ALIPersonGenderUnknown
};
/**
人的基本类型
*/
@interface ALIPerson : NSObject
/**
名称
*/
@property(nonatomic, copy, nonnull) NSString *name;
/**
性别
*/
@property(nonatomic, assign) ALIPersonGender gender;
/**
初始化方法
@param aName 人的名字
@param aGender 人的性别
@return 返回人的实例
*/
- (nonnull instancetype)initWithName:(nonnull NSString *)aName gender:(ALIPersonGender)aGender;
@end
/**
一个人的体育运动
*/
@interface ALIPerson (Sports)
/**
扩展方法强调要有前缀，以免冲突
*/
- (void)alPlayBasketBallWithPerson:(nullable ALIPerson *)person;
@end
/**
程序员常用的语言枚举
- ALICoderLanguagesJava: Java
- ALICoderLanguagesC: C语言
- ALICoderLanguagesCPP: C++
- ALICoderLanguagesJavaScript: JavaScript
- ALICoderLanguagesPHP: PHP是世界上最好的语言
- ALICoderLanguagesRuby: ruby
- ALICoderLanguagesPython: python
- ALICoderLanguagesOC: Objective-C
*/
typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, ALICoderLanguages){
ALICoderLanguagesNone = 0,
ALICoderLanguagesJava = 1 << 0,
ALICoderLanguagesC = 1 << 1,
ALICoderLanguagesCPP = 1 << 2,
ALICoderLanguagesJavaScript = 1 << 3,
ALICoderLanguagesPHP = 1 << 4,
ALICoderLanguagesRuby = 1 << 5,
ALICoderLanguagesPython = 1 << 6,
ALICoderLanguagesOC = 1 << 7
};
/**
程序员的基本协议
*/
@protocol ALICoderProtocol <NSObject>
/**
对大家说一句helloworld
@return 具体的helloworld内容
*/
- (nonnull NSString *)sayHelloWorld;
/**
喜欢的语言
@return 具体的语言，这里为了做事例用了mask
*/
- (ALICoderLanguages)preferLanguages;
@end
//Notification消息使用全局的 NSString 对象进行标识，其名称按如下的方式组合:
//[Name of associated class] + [Did | Will] + [UniquePartOfName] + Notification
//程序员即将写出一个bug的通知
extern NSString * _Nonnull const ALIChinaCoderWillWriteBugsNotification;
//程序员已经制造了一个bug的通知
extern NSString * _Nonnull const ALIChinaCoderDidWriteBugsNotification;
/**
程序员的代理，主要负责在程序员要写出bug的时候告诉代理，让代理处理下，是否要修复bug，或者打醒程序员
*/
@protocol ALIChinaCoderDelegate <NSObject>
/**
程序员即将写出bug的回调
@param coder 程序员本身
@param partner 程序员的搭档
*/
- (void)coder:(nonnull ALIPerson<ALICoderProtocol> *)coder willWriteBugsWithPartner:(nullable ALIPerson<ALICoderProtocol> *)partner;
/**
程序员已经写出bug的回调
@param coder 程序员本身
@param partner 程序员的搭档，我们一般认为跟妹子一起，由于程序员喜欢装逼，更容易写出bug
*/
- (void)coder:(nonnull ALIPerson<ALICoderProtocol> *)coder didWriteBugsWithPartner:(nullable ALIPerson<ALICoderProtocol> *)partner;
@end
/**
中国程序员
*/
@interface ALIChinaCoder : ALIPerson<ALICoderProtocol>
@property(nonatomic, weak, nullable) id<ALIChinaCoderDelegate> delegate;
/**
结对编程
@param partner 一起编程的程序员
*/
- (void)pairProgrammingWithPartner:(nullable ALIPerson<ALICoderProtocol> *)partner;
@end
/**
美国程序员
*/
@interface ALIUSACoder : ALIPerson<ALICoderProtocol>
@end
</code></pre>
<pre><code>#import "ALIPerson.h"
@implementation ALIPerson
#pragma mark - Life Cycle
- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)aName gender:(ALIPersonGender)aGender{
if (self = [super init]) {
_name = aName;
_gender = aGender;
}
return self;
}
@end
NSString * const ALIPersonNameYaoMing = @"姚明";
@implementation ALIPerson (Sports)
- (void)alPlayBasketBallWithPerson:(ALIPerson *)person{
if ([person.name isEqualToString:ALIPersonNameYaoMing]) {
NSLog(@"把球给我，我要回家！");
}else{
NSLog(@"看我装逼看我飞");
}
}
@end
//尽量声明变量而非用宏
NSString * const ALIChinaCoderNameNotFound = @"没人跟你说你好世界";
NSString * const ALIChinaCoderWillWriteBugsNotification = @"ALChinaCoderWillWriteBugsNotification";
NSString * const ALIChinaCoderDidWriteBugsNotification = @"ALChinaCoderDidWriteBugsNotification";
@implementation ALIChinaCoder
#pragma mark - ALCoderProtocol
- (NSString *)sayHelloWorld{
if (!self.name) {
return ALIChinaCoderNameNotFound;
}
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@说你好世界",self.name];
}
- (ALICoderLanguages)preferLanguages{
return ALICoderLanguagesOC|ALICoderLanguagesJava|ALICoderLanguagesC;
}
#pragma mark - public
- (void)pairProgrammingWithPartner:(ALIPerson<ALICoderProtocol> *)partner{
switch (partner.gender) {
case ALIPersonGenderMale: {
NSLog(@"我去。。");
break;
}
case ALIPersonGenderFemale: {
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:ALIChinaCoderWillWriteBugsNotification object:self];
[self.delegate coder:self willWriteBugsWithPartner:partner];
NSLog(@"哦也。。");
NSLog(@"看我手把手教妹子写代码");
[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:ALIChinaCoderDidWriteBugsNotification object:self];
[self.delegate coder:self didWriteBugsWithPartner:partner];
break;
}
default: {
NSLog(@"看情况再说。。");
break;
}
}
}
@end
NSString * const ALIUSACoderNameNotFound = @"No one say hello world";
@implementation ALIUSACoder
#pragma mark - ALICoderProtocol
- (NSString *)sayHelloWorld{
if (!self.name) {
return ALIUSACoderNameNotFound;
}
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ say Hello World",self.name];
}
- (ALICoderLanguages)preferLanguages{
return ALICoderLanguagesPHP;
}
@end
</code></pre>
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编程规约..................................................","share_image_url":"","slug":"e412da50323e","user":{"id":6939717,"nickname":"owen_he","slug":"5d8b69a28373","avatar":"https://cdn2.jianshu.io/assets/default_avatar/7-0993d41a595d6ab6ef17b19496eb2f21.jpg"},"likes_count":4,"title":"阿里巴巴 Java 开发手册(一)","id":15536664,"views_count":4572},{"comments_count":0,"public_abbr":"感恩今天已经是初七，很多单位开始上班，感恩由于宝爸的支持，我现在此刻还可以在家清闲带宝贝，照顾爸爸妈妈。 感恩今天...","share_image_url":"","slug":"f2e2bc77bc22","user":{"id":7435392,"nickname":"俩宝的妈咪","slug":"f9f47842564e","avatar":"https://cdn2.jianshu.io/assets/default_avatar/10-e691107df16746d4a9f3fe9496fd1848.jpg"},"likes_count":1,"title":"2018年2月22日初七","id":24221984,"views_count":91},{"comments_count":0,"public_abbr":"光看标题你就能想到 这是一只 比较大的大脸猫","share_image_url":"","slug":"fed77067c785","user":{"id":1556277,"nickname":"水念","slug":"2e79207351cb","avatar":"https://cdn2.jianshu.io/assets/default_avatar/6-fd30f34c8641f6f32f5494df5d6b8f3c.jpg"},"likes_count":0,"title":"比较大的大脸猫","id":3274370,"views_count":131},{"comments_count":1,"public_abbr":"那份恬淡如禅的心 祈盼你如织的绵长 泽润花冢 有你的日子 已见莺飞草长 已见柳堤长长 当夏季的芬芳 如约绽放 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style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e说明\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003einsertObject:atIndex:\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e好的命名\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eremoveObjectAtIndex:\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e好的命名\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eremoveObject:\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e这样命名也不错，因为方法将移除通过参数引用的对象。\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003edestinationSelection\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e好的命名\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003esetBackgroundColor:\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e好的命名\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e命名\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e说明\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003einsert:at:\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e不清晰;插入什么?“at”表示什么?\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eremove:\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e不清晰:要移除什么?\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003edestSel\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e不清晰，缩写含义不清\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003esetBkgdColor:\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e缩写含义不清\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e一致性\u003c/strong\u003e：命名含义应该具有前后，全局的一致性，同个功能也应该使用同个名称。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e命名\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e说明\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e- (NSInteger)tag\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e该方法同时定义在 NSView、 NSCell、 NSControl 这三个类里面。\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e不能自我指涉\u003c/strong\u003e：除掩码常量、通知外，名称不应该自我指涉(self-reference)。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e命名\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e说明\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNSString\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e可以使用\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNSUnderlineByWordMask\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e掩码常量，可以使用Mask自我指涉\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNSTableViewColumnDidMoveNotification\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e通知常量，可以使用Mask自我指涉\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e命名\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e说明\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNSStringObject\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eNSString本身已经是Object了，不需要再在名字里显示指出\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】杜绝一切缩写，除以下已经长期使用形成共识的内容可以使用缩写。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e命名\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e说明\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ealloc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eAllocate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ealt\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eAlternate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eapp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eApplication.\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ecalc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eCalculate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003edealloc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eDeallocate\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003efunc\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eFunction\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ehoriz\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eHorizontal\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003einfo\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eInformation\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003einit\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eInitialize\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eint\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eInteger\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emax\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eMaximum\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emin\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eMinimum\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003emsg\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eMessage\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003enib\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eInterface Builder archive\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003epboard\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003ePasteboard\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003erect\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eRectangle\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eRep\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eRepresentation\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003etemp\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eTemporary\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003evert\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eVertical\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】文件名、自定义类、Protocol禁止以以下系统前缀开头。\u003cbr\u003e\n【AC,AB,AS,AL,AU,AV,CX,CF,CK,CN,CA,CB,NS,CF,CG,CI,CL,CM,MIDI,CM,CS,CT,CV,EK,EA,GC,GK,GLK,GSS,HK,HM,AD,CG,IN,GS,LA,MK,MA,MP,MT,MS,MF,MTL,MTK,MDL,MC,NE,NK,NC,AL,EAGL,PK,PH,CA,QL,RP,SF,SCN,SL,SF,SK,SC,TW,UI,UN,VS,VT,WC,WK】\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【参考】文件名、类、Protocol、常量、枚举等全局可见内容需要添加三个大写字符作为前缀，双字母前缀为 Apple 的类预留。尽管这个规范看起来有些古怪，但是这样做可以减少 Objective-C 没有命名空间所带来的问题。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】方法名、参数名、成员变量、局部变量都采用小写字符开头，名称中的单词首字符要大写的小驼峰形式。另外，请不要在方法名称中使用前缀（category方法除外）。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003efileExistsAtPath:isDirectory:\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】如果方法代表一个对象执行的动作，则其名称应该以一个动词开头:\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)invokeWithTarget:(id)target; \n- (void)selectTabViewItem:(NSTabViewItem *)tabViewItem;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】请不要使用 “do”或者 “does”作为名称的一部分，因为这些辅助性的动词不能为名称增加更多的含义。同时，请不要在动词之前使用副词或者形容词。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】如果方法返回接收者的某个属性，则以属性名称作为方法名。如果方法没有间接地返回 一个或多个值，您也无须使用”get“这样的单词。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (NSSize)cellSize;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e - (NSSize)calcCellSize;\n - (NSSize)getCellSize;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】所有参数前面都应使用关键字。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)sendAction:(SEL)aSelector to:(id)anObject forAllCells:(BOOL)flag;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)sendAction:(SEL)aSelector :(id)anObject :(BOOL)flag;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】如果您当前创建的方法比起它所继承的方法更有针对性，则您应该在已有的方法名称后 面添加关键字，并将其作为新方法的名称。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e命名\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth style=\"text-align:center\"\u003e说明\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frameRect;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eNSView\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e- (instancetype)initWithFrame:(NSRect)frameRect mode:(int)aMode cellClass:(Class)factoryId numberOfRows:(int)rowsHigh numberOfColumns:(int)colsWide;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"text-align:center\"\u003eNSMatrix 是 NSView 的子 类。\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】请不要使用”and“来连接两个表示接受者属性的关键字。\u003cbr\u003e\n虽然下面的例子使用”and“这个词感觉还不错，但是随着创建的方法所带有的关键字越来 越多，这种方式会引起问题\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (int)runModalForDirectory:(NSString *)path file:(NSString *) name types:(NSArray *)fileTypes;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (int)runModalForDirectory:(NSString *)path andFile:(NSString *)name andTypes:(NSArray *)fileTypes;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】如果方法描述了两个独立的动作，请使用”and“把它们连接起来。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (BOOL)openFile:(NSString *)fullPath withApplication:(NSString *)appName andDeactivate:(BOOL)flag;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】您可以使用情态动词(在动词前冠以“can”,\"should\",\"will\"等)，使得方法的名称更加明 确，但是请不要使用“do”或“does”这样的情态动词。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)setCanHide:(BOOL)flag; \n- (BOOL)canHide;\n- (void)setShouldCloseDocument:(BOOL)flag;\n- (BOOL)shouldCloseDocument; \n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)setDoesAcceptGlyphInfo:(BOOL)flag; \n- (BOOL)doesAcceptGlyphInfo;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】只有当方法间接地返回对象或者数值，您才需要在方法名称中使用 get\"。这种格式只适 用于需要返回多个数据项的方法。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)getLineDash:(float *)pattern count:(int*)count phase:(float *)phase;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】下面是数条和方法参数命名相关的通用规则:\u003cbr\u003e\n(1)和方法名称一样， 参数的名称也是以小写的字符开头，并且后续单词的首字符要大写。 例如:removeObject:(id)anObject。\u003cbr\u003e\n(2)请不要在参数名称中使用\"pointer\"或者\"ptr\"。您应该使用参数的类型来声明参数是否是 一个指针。\u003cbr\u003e\n(3)请不要使用一到两个字符的名称作为参数名。\u003cbr\u003e\n(4)请不要使用只剩几个字符的缩写。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】方法名称的开头应标识出发送消息的对象所属的类:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (BOOL)tableView:(NSTableView *)tableView shouldSelectRow:(int)row;\n- (BOOL)application:(NSApplication *)sender openFile:(NSString\n*)filename;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】如果调用某个方法是为了通知委托某个事件已经发生或者即将发生， 则请在方法名称 中使用“did”或者“will”这样的助动词。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)browserDidScroll:(NSBrowser *)sender;\n- (NSUndoManager *)windowWillReturnUndoManager:(NSWindow *)window;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】如果调用某个方法是为了要求委托代表其他对象执行某件事，当然，您也可以在方法名 称中使用“did”或者“will”，但我们倾向于使用“should”。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (BOOL)windowShouldClose:(id)sender;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e常量定义\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】请使用NS_ENUM枚举类型来表示一群相互关联的整数值常量。枚举项以枚举类型为前缀。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e示例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003etypedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger,NSMatrixMode) {\nNSMatrixModeRadio = 0,\nNSMatrixModeHighlight = 1,\nNSMatrixModeList = 2,\nNSMatrixModeTrack = 3\n} ;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】请使用NS_OPTIONS定义一组相互关联的位移枚举常量。位移枚举常量是可以组合使用的。枚举项以枚举类型为前缀。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e示例:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003etypedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger,NSMatrixModeMask) {\nNSMatrixModeMaskBorderless = 0,\nNSMatrixModeMaskTitled = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 0,\nNSMatrixModeMaskClosable = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 1,\nNSMatrixModeMaskMiniaturizable = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 2,\nNSMatrixModeMaskResizable = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 3\n};\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】请使用 const 来创建浮点值常量。如果某个整数值常量和其他的常量不相关，您也可以使用 const 来创建，否则，则应使用枚举类型。下面的声明展示了 const 常量的格式:\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003econst float NSLightGray;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】通常情况下，请不要使用#define 预处器理命令创建常量。对于整数值常量，请使用枚举类型创建，而对于浮点值常量，请使用const 修饰符创建。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】有些符号，预处理器需要对其进行计算，以便决定是否要对某一代码块进行处理，则它 们应该使用大写字符表示。例如:\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#ifdef DEBUG\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】推荐使用常量来代替字符串字面值和数字。常量应该用 static 声明为静态常量，而不要用 #define，除非它明确的作为一个宏来使用。\u003cbr\u003e\n这样能够方便复用，而且可以快速修改而不需要查找和替换\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003estatic NSString * const ZOCCacheControllerDidClearCacheNotification = @\"ZOCCacheControllerDidClearCacheNotification\";\nstatic const CGFloat ZOCImageThumbnailHeight = 50.0f;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#define CompanyName @\"Apple Inc.\"\n#define magicNumber 42\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e常量应该在头文件中以这样的形式暴露给外部：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eextern NSString *const ZOCCacheControllerDidClearCacheNotification;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e并在实现文件中为它赋值。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】异常使用全局的 NSString 对象来标识，其名称按如下的方式进行组合:异常名称中的具有唯一性的那部分，其组成词应该拼写在一起， 并且每个单词的首字符要大写。\u003cbr\u003e\n[Prefix] + [UniquePartOfName] + Exception\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eNSColorListIOException\nNSColorListNotEditableException \nNSDraggingException\nNSFontUnavailableException\nNSIllegalSelectorException\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】Notification消息使用全局的 NSString 对象进行标识，其名称按如下的方式组合:\u003cbr\u003e\n[Name of associated class] + [Did | Will] + [UniquePartOfName] + Notification\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eNSApplicationDidBecomeActiveNotification \nNSWindowDidMiniaturizeNotification\nNSTextViewDidChangeSelectionNotification\nNSColorPanelColorDidChangeNotification\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e类定义规约\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】要尽可能地使用属性定义代替无修饰的实例变量。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@interface Item : NSObject\n@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString* name;\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@interface Item : NSObject {\n NSString* _name\n}\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】如果需要自定义property的getter或setter方法时，请在声明property时一起声明掉。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@property(getter=my_XXX ,setter=my_setXXX) id xxx;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】对外暴露的属性，尽量定义为readonly。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】不建议使用@dynamic修饰属性，除非你真的知道自己在干什么。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】在为某个类添加实例变量时，请记住下面几个因素:\u003cbr\u003e\n(1)只暴露必须的对外接口或属性在.h中，其它private保留在.m里。\u003cbr\u003e\n(2)请确保实例变量的名称能够扼要地描述它所保存的属性。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】不复写任何 \u003ccode\u003e+ (void) load\u003c/code\u003e方法。所有的load方法的执行在Class的装载阶段，会延长App的启动时间.且如果存在稳定性问题，也没有可以修复的时机。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】\u003ccode\u003e+（void）initialize\u003c/code\u003e必须判断class类型或使用\u003ccode\u003edispatch_once\u003c/code\u003e防止执行多次.\u003cbr\u003e\n由于任何继承类也会执行父类的\u003ccode\u003einitilize\u003c/code\u003e，所以这里一定要做类型判断，或使用\u003ccode\u003edispatch_once\u003c/code\u003e来保障不会执行多次\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eif (self == [NSFoo class]) {\n // the initializing code\n }\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】不应该显式地调用 \u003ccode\u003einitialize\u003c/code\u003e方法。如果需要触发初始化行为，则请调用一些无害的方法。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e[NSImage self];\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e[NSImage initialize];\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】在property的getter方法里不能再显式或者隐式的调用同一个property的getter方法，会导致死循环。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@interface ALPerson : NSObject\n@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;\n@end\n\n@implementation ALPerson\n- (void)setName:(NSString *)name {\n self.name = name;//死循环！\n}\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】方法调用，方法调用应尽量保持与方法声明的格式一致。当格式的风格有多种选择时，新的代码要与已有代码保持一致。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e调用时所有参数应该在同一行：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e[myObject doSomethingWith:arg1 name:arg2 error:arg3];\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e或者每行一个参数，以冒号对齐：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e[myObject doSomethingWith:arg1\n name:arg2\n error:arg3];\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e方法定义与方法声明一样，当关键字的长度不足以以冒号对齐时，下一行都要以四个空格进行缩进。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e[myObj short:arg1\n longKeyword:arg2\n evenLongerKeyword:arg3];\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】使用\u003ccode\u003enonnull、nullable,__kindof\u003c/code\u003e来修饰方入参数、返回值、属性\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@property (nonatomic, strong, nonnull) Sark *sark;\n@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly, nullable) NSArray *friends;\n+ (nullable NSString *)friendWithName:(nonnull NSString *)name;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】禁止从\u003ccode\u003edesignated initializer\u003c/code\u003e 里面调用一个 \u003ccode\u003esecondary initializer\u003c/code\u003e。如果这样，调用很可能会调用一个子类重写的\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e方法并且陷入无限递归之中。\u003cbr\u003e\na. Objective-C 有指定初始化方法\u003ccode\u003e(designated initializer)\u003c/code\u003e和间接\u003ccode\u003e(secondary initializer)\u003c/code\u003e初始化方法的观念。\u003ccode\u003edesignated\u003c/code\u003e 初始化方法是提供所有的参数，\u003ccode\u003esecondary\u003c/code\u003e 初始化方法是一个或多个，并且提供一个或者更多的默认参数来调用\u003ccode\u003edesignated\u003c/code\u003e 初始化的初始化方法。\u003cbr\u003e\nb. 一个类应该有且只有一个\u003ccode\u003edesignated\u003c/code\u003e初始化方法，其他的初始化方法应该调用这个\u003ccode\u003edesignated\u003c/code\u003e的初始化方法\u003cbr\u003e\nc. 在希望提供你自己的初始化函数的时候，应该遵守这三个步骤来保证获得正确的行为：\u003cbr\u003e\n(1)定义你的\u003ccode\u003edesignated initializer\u003c/code\u003e，确保调用了直接超类的 \u003ccode\u003edesignated initializer\u003c/code\u003e。\u003cbr\u003e\n(2)重载直接超类的 \u003ccode\u003edesignated initializer\u003c/code\u003e。调用你的新的 \u003ccode\u003edesignated initializer\u003c/code\u003e。\u003cbr\u003e\n(3)为新的 \u003ccode\u003edesignated initializer\u003c/code\u003e 写文档。可以用编译器的指令 \u003ccode\u003e__attribute__((objc_designated_initializer))\u003c/code\u003e来标记。用编译器指令\u003ccode\u003e__attribute__((unavailable(Invoke the new designated initializer))\u003c/code\u003e让父类的 \u003ccode\u003edesignated initializer\u003c/code\u003e 失效.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@interface ZOCNewsViewController : UIViewController\n\n- (instancetype)initWithNews:(ZOCNews *)news __attribute__((objc_designated_initializer));\n- (instancetype)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil __attribute__((unavailable(\"Invoke the designated initializer,call initWithNews:\")));\n- (instancetype)init __attribute__((unavailable(\"Invoke the designated initializer,call initWithNews:\"));\n\n@end\n\n@implementation ZOCNewsViewController\n\n- (id)initWithNews:(ZOCNews *)news\n{\n //调用直接父类的 designated initializer\n self = [super initWithNibName:nil bundle:nil];\n if (self) {\n _news = news;\n }\n return self;\n}\n\n// 重载直接父类的 designated initializer\n// 如果你没重载 initWithNibName:bundle: ，而且调用者决定用这个方法初始化你的类(这是完全合法的)。 initWithNews: 永远不会被调用，所以导致了不正确的初始化流程，你的类的特定初始化逻辑没有被执行。\n- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil\n{\n // call the new designated initializer\n return [self initWithNews:nil];\n}\n\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@implementation ParentObject\n\n//designated initializer \n- (instancetype)initWithURL:(NSString*)url title:(NSString*)title {\n if (self = [super init]) {\n _url = [url copy];\n _title = [title copy];\n }\n return self;\n}\n//secondary initializer\n- (instancetype)initWithURL:(NSString*)url {\n return [self initWithURL:url title:nil];\n}\n\n@end\n\n@interface ChildObject : ParentObject\n\n@end\n\n@implementation ChildObject\n//designated initializer\n- (instancetype)initWithURL:(NSString*)url title:(NSString*)title {\n //在designated intializer中调用 secondary initializer，错误的\n if (self = [super initWithURL:url]) {\n\n }\n return self;\n}\n\n@end\n\n@implementation ViewController\n\n- (void)viewDidLoad {\n [super viewDidLoad];\n // 这里会死循环\n ChildObject* child = [[ChildObject alloc] initWithURL:@\"url\" title:@\"title\"];\n}\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e注释规约\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】头文件中的暴露的方法或者属性都必须添加注释\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e注释建议使用Xcode自带工具插入默认格式。\u003ccode\u003eoption+command+/\u003c/code\u003e即可自动插入。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】自动生成的代码注释中的\u003ccode\u003eplaceholder\u003c/code\u003e要替换掉\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】建议对于复杂难懂逻辑添加注释\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e代码组织规约\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】当一个类功能很多时，建议使用Category的方式进行功能划分,这些Category可以放在同一个文件中。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e示例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@interface UIViewController (UIViewControllerRotation)\n\n+ (void)attemptRotationToDeviceOrientation NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(5_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;\n- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)toInterfaceOrientation NS_DEPRECATED_IOS(2_0, 6_0) __TVOS_PROHIBITED;\n@end\n\n@interface UIViewController (UILayoutSupport)\n@property(nonatomic,readonly,strong) id\u0026lt;UILayoutSupport\u0026gt; topLayoutGuide NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);\n@property(nonatomic,readonly,strong) id\u0026lt;UILayoutSupport\u0026gt; bottomLayoutGuide NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);\n@end\n\n@interface UIViewController (UIKeyCommand)\n- (void)addKeyCommand:(UIKeyCommand *)keyCommand NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);\n- (void)removeKeyCommand:(UIKeyCommand *)keyCommand NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(9_0);\n\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】建议使用\u003ccode\u003e#pragma marks -\u003c/code\u003e来进行方法分组，提高可读性，具体样例如下，建议把生命周期，事件，property方法以及protocol方法进行区分。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e示例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#pragma mark - Lifecycle\n\n- (instancetype)init {}\n- (void)dealloc {}\n- (void)viewDidLoad {}\n- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated {}\n- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {}\n\n#pragma mark - Custom Accessors\n\n- (void)setCustomProperty:(id)value {}\n- (id)customProperty {}\n\n#pragma mark - IBActions\n\n- (IBAction)submitData:(id)sender {}\n\n#pragma mark - Public\n\n- (void)publicMethod {}\n\n#pragma mark - Private\n\n- (void)privateMethod {}\n\n#pragma mark - Protocol conformance\n#pragma mark - UITextFieldDelegate\n#pragma mark - UITableViewDataSource\n#pragma mark - UITableViewDelegate\n\n#pragma mark - NSCopying\n\n- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {}\n\n#pragma mark - NSObject\n\n- (NSString *)description {}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】建议合理使用group或folder来组织工程结构，而不是全部放在source里，物理group与工程中group要对应\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】过期方法，不要直接删除，先标记为\u003ccode\u003edepcrated\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】建议类继承关系不要超过2层，并且抽取公共逻辑到父类，尽量避免父类，子类方法调用跳跃\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【参考】尽量减少继承，可以考虑组合，\u003ccode\u003ecategory，protocol\u003c/code\u003e等方式\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】每个文件.m的方法数目不应该超过20个，每个方法的行数不应该超过200行。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e每个方法应该只做一件事情。当函数过长时，它做的事情通常会不明确，后续会很难理解与维护。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】函数内嵌套不能太深,一个函数内大括号里嵌套大括号不能超过三层。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e超过三层已经很难理解一个函数的作用，可以将其中的一些逻辑抽离成一个单独的函数\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】建议业务bundle使用统一的前缀来标识\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】头文件中只暴露出需要给他人调用的类、方法及属性，私有类、方法、变量放在.m中\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】Release包必须关闭Log\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】必须清理工程中的所有warning\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】长条件判断建议使用bool变量来代替\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e太长不容易调试，且不直观。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eBOOL isConditionSatisfied = (1 == a.x \u0026amp;\u0026amp; 3==b.y \u0026amp;\u0026amp; 2 == c.x);\nif (isConditionSatisfied){\n doSomething()\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eif (a.x = 1 \u0026amp;\u0026amp; b.y =3 \u0026amp;\u0026amp; c.x = 2){\n doSomething()\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】条件判断,推荐加大括号，即使一行，容易导致的错误为，当 if 语句里面的一行被注释掉，下一行就会在不经意间成为了这个 if 语句的一部分。\u003ca href=\"http://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/16528/single-statement-if-block-braces-or-no/16530#16530\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e参考\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eif (!error) {\n return success;\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反对：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eif (!error)\n return success;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e或\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eif (!error) return success;\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】对三目运算使用时，要注意简化，\u003ccode\u003ex=a?a:b\u003c/code\u003e只要写成\u003ccode\u003ex=a?:b\u003c/code\u003e 即可；\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】编写\u003ccode\u003eswitch\u003c/code\u003e语句的时候, 一定要实现\u003ccode\u003edefault:\u003c/code\u003e，防止外部异常调用，内部没有处理的情况,\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】\u003ccode\u003eswitch\u003c/code\u003e里每个\u003ccode\u003ecase\u003c/code\u003e里需要强制有\u003ccode\u003ebreak;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】\u003ccode\u003eswitch\u003c/code\u003e里每个\u003ccode\u003ecase\u003c/code\u003e里都要使用\u003ccode\u003e{}\u003c/code\u003e所有代码括起来,就算只有一行;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e最佳实践\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e多线程\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】自建线程必须命名。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】多线程访问同一个对象时，必须注意临界区的保护\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】单例创建要使用线程安全模式，并且禁止在单例的\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e方法中使用\u003ccode\u003edispatch_sync\u003c/code\u003e来阻塞线程，极易出现死锁\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e+ (instancetype)sharedInstance {\n static id sharedInstance = nil;\n static dispatch_once_t onceToken;\n dispatch_once(\u0026amp;onceToken, ^{ \n sharedInstance = [[self alloc] init];\n });\n return sharedInstance;\n }\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】在多线程环境下使用懒加载方式加载变量，会有\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e风险，必须加锁\u003cem\u003e保护\u003c/em\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e//多线程环境下调用\n- (NSCache *)contactCache\n{\n if (!_contactCache) {\n @synchronized(self) { \n if (!_contactCache) {\n _contactCache = [[NSCache alloc] init];\n _contactCache.name = @\"contactCache\";\n }\n }\n }\n return _contactCache;\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】\u003ccode\u003eperformSelector:withObject:afterDelay:\u003c/code\u003e要在有\u003ccode\u003eRunloop\u003c/code\u003e的线程里调用，否则调用无法生效。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e说明：异步线程默认是没有\u003ccode\u003erunloop\u003c/code\u003e的，除非手动创建；而主线程是系统会自动创建\u003ccode\u003eRunloop\u003c/code\u003e的。所以在异步线程调用是请先确保该线程是有\u003ccode\u003eRunloop\u003c/code\u003e的。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】禁止随意创建长驻线程，除非是在整个app运行周期内都必须存在且有任务运行的。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】\u003ccode\u003eNSNotificationCenter\u003c/code\u003e在iOS 8及更老系统上存在多线程bug，\u003ccode\u003eselector\u003c/code\u003e执行到一半时可能会因为\u003ccode\u003eself\u003c/code\u003e销毁而触发\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e，解决方案是在\u003ccode\u003eselector\u003c/code\u003e里开始的地方引入下面的宏：\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)onMultiThreadNotificationTrigged:(NSNotification *)notify\n{\n __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;\n __strong typeof(self) strongSelf = wself;\n if (! weakSelf) { \n return; \n }\n\n [strongSelf doSomething];\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】在多线程应用中，\u003ccode\u003eNotification\u003c/code\u003e在哪个线程中\u003ccode\u003epost\u003c/code\u003e，就在哪个线程中被转发，而不一定是在注册观察者的那个线程中。如果发送消息的不在主线程，而接受消息的回调里做了UI操作，需要让其在主线程执行。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】仅当必须保证顺序执行时才使用\u003ccode\u003edispatch_sync\u003c/code\u003e，否则容易出现死锁，应避免使用，可使用\u003ccode\u003edispatch_async\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e// 禁止。出现死锁，报错:EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION。原因:在主队列中同步的添加一个block到主队列中\n- (void)viewDidLoad {\n [super viewDidLoad];\n\n dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();\n dispatch_block_t block = ^() {\n NSLog(@\"%@\", [NSThread currentThread]);\n };\n dispatch_sync(mainQueue, block);\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e // 推荐\n- (void)viewDidLoad {\n [super viewDidLoad];\n\n dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();\n dispatch_block_t block = ^() {\n NSLog(@\"%@\", [NSThread currentThread]);\n };\n dispatch_async(mainQueue, block); //使用异步操作\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【参考】使用 \u003ccode\u003eperformSelector:withObject:afterDelay:\u003c/code\u003e和 \u003ccode\u003ecancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget\u003c/code\u003e组合的时候要小心\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ccode\u003eafterDelay\u003c/code\u003e会增加receiver的引用计数，\u003ccode\u003ecancel\u003c/code\u003e则会对应减一\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e如果在\u003ccode\u003ereceiver\u003c/code\u003e的引用计数只剩下1 （仅为delay）时，调用\u003ccode\u003ecancel\u003c/code\u003e之后会立即销毁\u003ccode\u003ereceiver\u003c/code\u003e，后续再调用\u003ccode\u003ereceiver\u003c/code\u003e的方法就会\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;\n[NSObject cancelPreviousPerformRequestsWithTarget:self];\nif (!weakSelf)\n{\n//NSLog(@\"self被销毁\");\n return;\n}\n\n[self doOther];\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】禁止在非主线程中进行UI元素的操作\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】在主线程中禁止进行同步网络资源读取，使用\u003ccode\u003eNSURLSession\u003c/code\u003e进行异步获取\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】如果需要进行大文件或者多文件的IO操作，禁止主线程使用，必须进行异步处理\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】对剪贴板的读取必须要放在异步线程处理，最新Mac和iOS里的剪贴板共享功能会导致有可能需要读取大量的内容，导致读取线程被长时间阻塞\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003edispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{\n UIPasteboard *pasteboard = [UIPasteboard generalPasteboard]; \n if (pasteboard.string.length \u0026gt; 0) {//这个方法会阻塞线程\n NSString *text = [pasteboard.string copy];\n [pasteboard setValue:@\"\" forPasteboardType:UIPasteboardNameGeneral];\n if (text == nil || [text isEqualToString:@\"\"]) {\n return ;\n }\n dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{\n [self processShareCode:text];\n });\n }\n});\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e内存管理\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】请慎重使用单例，避免造成产生不必要的常驻内存。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】单例初始化方法中尽量保证单一职责,尤其不要进行其他单例的调用。极端情况下，两个单例对象在各自的单例初始化方法中调用，会造成死锁。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】\u003ccode\u003eDelegate\u003c/code\u003e需要用\u003ccode\u003eweak\u003c/code\u003e进行引用。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】使用\u003ccode\u003eblock\u003c/code\u003e时，需要在\u003ccode\u003eblock\u003c/code\u003e访问外部\u003ccode\u003eweak\u003c/code\u003e修饰的\u003ccode\u003eself\u003c/code\u003e，内部在重新\u003ccode\u003estrong\u003c/code\u003e处理。避免\u003ccode\u003eRetainCycle\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】\u003ccode\u003estrong\u003c/code\u003e引用 子实例，\u003ccode\u003eweak\u003c/code\u003e引用\u003ccode\u003eparent\u003c/code\u003e，基础类型使用\u003ccode\u003eassign，NSString，NSArray，block\u003c/code\u003e使用\u003ccode\u003ecopy\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】对类添加属性时使用 \u003ccode\u003ecopy\u003c/code\u003e方式还是使用\u003ccode\u003eretain\u003c/code\u003e方式规约：\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e对实现 \u003ccode\u003eNSCopying\u003c/code\u003e协议的对象使用\u003ccode\u003ecopy\u003c/code\u003e方式。通常情况下,诸如\u003ccode\u003eNSString、NSURL, block,NSArray\u003c/code\u003e 这样的对象应该能被copy;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e像\u003ccode\u003eUIView\u003c/code\u003e的对象则应该可以被保持。\u003ccode\u003estrong\u003c/code\u003e引用 子实例，\u003ccode\u003eweak\u003c/code\u003e引用\u003ccode\u003eparent.\u003c/code\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e基础类型使用\u003ccode\u003eassign\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】在\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e中要记得要\u003ccode\u003eremove observer， callback=null\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】会循环使用的\u003ccode\u003eTimer\u003c/code\u003e(指定了\u003ccode\u003erepeat\u003c/code\u003e参数为\u003ccode\u003eYES\u003c/code\u003e)，必须要在合适的时机调用\u003ccode\u003einvalidate\u003c/code\u003e方法，否则会出现内存泄漏，在使用类的析构函数中调用\u003ccode\u003eTimer\u003c/code\u003e的\u003ccode\u003einvalidate\u003c/code\u003e方法为时已晚，因为\u003ccode\u003etimer\u003c/code\u003e会对其传递的目标\u003ccode\u003eobject\u003c/code\u003e增加引用计数，若不调用\u003ccode\u003einvalidate\u003c/code\u003e，使用类根本得不到析构。\u003cbr\u003e\n对于指定了\u003ccode\u003erepeat\u003c/code\u003e参数为\u003ccode\u003eNO\u003c/code\u003e的\u003ccode\u003eTimer\u003c/code\u003e，则可以不调用\u003ccode\u003einvalidate\u003c/code\u003e方法。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】在\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e 和\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e中不允许使用\u003ccode\u003eself\u003c/code\u003e访问属性（父类属性除外），只允许通过\"_变量名\"直接访问。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e容易出现重复创建对象，甚至\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e问题\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e在\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e和\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e阶段，\u003ccode\u003eself\u003c/code\u003e是一个不完整的对象。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e由于\u003ccode\u003eaccessor\u003c/code\u003e方法是可以被子类重写的，在调用父类\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e初始化的时候，使用\u003ccode\u003eself\u003c/code\u003e访问属性会调到子类重写的（如果有）\u003ccode\u003egetter\u003c/code\u003e或\u003ccode\u003esetter\u003c/code\u003e，这就出现了先于子类\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e访问其属性或调用子类方法的情况，如果子类\u003ccode\u003egetter\u003c/code\u003e或\u003ccode\u003esetter\u003c/code\u003e中有一些特殊的处理逻辑，在某些极端情况下就可能出现行为不一致的问题。 由于在\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e函数返回前，对象结构和结构是不稳定的，在\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e函数内对任何方法的调用（尤其是\u003ccode\u003epublic\u003c/code\u003e方法）都应该慎之又慎。\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e同理。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】在非\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e和\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e方法中访问属性推荐通过\u003ccode\u003egetter\u003c/code\u003e方法获取，不推荐直接使用“_变量名”。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】在\u003ccode\u003einit\u003c/code\u003e中不需要直接使用的\u003ccode\u003eProperty\u003c/code\u003e,建议使用\u003ccode\u003elazyloading\u003c/code\u003e的方法创建。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】在创建大量临时的\u003ccode\u003eUIImage\u003c/code\u003e，或者 \u003ccode\u003eModel\u003c/code\u003e 之类的对象的时，用\u003ccode\u003e@autoreleasepool\u003c/code\u003e使\u003ccode\u003eautorelease\u003c/code\u003e 对象在结束时间释放，缓解内存的压力。比如：\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eNSMutableArray *dataList = [NSMutableArray new];\nNSMutableArray *imageList = [NSMutableArray new];\n[dataList enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(NSDictionary *dict, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop) {\n @autoreleasepool {\n NSData *data = dataList[idx];\n UIImage *image = [[UIImage alloc] initWithData:data];\n //可能对 image 进行一些处理，裁剪之类的\n [imageList addObject:image];\n }\n}];\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】在使用到 \u003ccode\u003eUIScrollView，UITableView，UICollectionView\u003c/code\u003e的 \u003ccode\u003eClass\u003c/code\u003e 中，需要在\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e方法里手动的把对应的 \u003ccode\u003edelegate, dataSouce\u003c/code\u003e置为 \u003ccode\u003enil\u003c/code\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e防止在\u003ccode\u003escrollView\u003c/code\u003e滑动时页面退出，\u003ccode\u003edelegate\u003c/code\u003e释放,出现\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e问题\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e苹果在iOS9上已经将以上类的\u003ccode\u003edelegate\u003c/code\u003e及\u003ccode\u003edatasource\u003c/code\u003e由\u003ccode\u003eassign\u003c/code\u003e改为了\u003ccode\u003eweak\u003c/code\u003e,如果只支持9.0以上，则不需要手动置\u003ccode\u003enil\u003c/code\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】在\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e中，避免将\u003ccode\u003eself\u003c/code\u003e作为参数传递。如果被\u003ccode\u003eretain\u003c/code\u003e住，到下个\u003ccode\u003erunloop\u003c/code\u003e周期再次释放，则会造成多次释放\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e-(void)dealloc{\n [self unsafeMethod:self]; \n //因为当前已经在self所指向对象的销毁阶段，如果在unsafeMethod:中将self放到了autorelease pool中，那么self会被retain住，计划下个runloop周期再进行销毁；但是dealloc运行结束后，self对象的内存空间就直接被回收了，self变成了野指针\n //当到了下个runloop周期，self指向的对象实际上已经被销毁，会因为非法访问造成crash问题\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】除非是非法参数等提前判断提前\u003ccode\u003ereturn\u003c/code\u003e的可以写在最前面。其他的\u003ccode\u003ereturn\u003c/code\u003e建议有效返回值尽量只剩最后一个。提前\u003ccode\u003ereturn\u003c/code\u003e时，要注意是否有对象没有被释放(常见的有\u003ccode\u003eCF对象\u003c/code\u003e)，是否有锁没有释放等配对问题。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】禁止一次性申请超过10MB的内存。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e内存过高将会导致app被kill，并且没有crash堆栈。而申请大内存将会增加内存峰值，更容易出现内存过高而crash。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e集合\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e包括，但不限于 \u003ccode\u003eNSMutableDictionay,NSMutableArray,NSMutableSet\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】插入对象需要做判空处理。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】注意线程安全问题，必要时加锁，保障线程安全\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】先\u003ccode\u003ecopy\u003c/code\u003e，再枚举操作，禁止对非临时变量的可变集合进行枚举操作，多线程情况下有可能因为可变集合在进行枚举时发生改变进而crash。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e//正确的写法\n- (void)checkAllValidItems{\n [_arrayLock lock];\n NSArray *array = [oldArray copy];\n [_arrayLock unlock];\n [array enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {\n //do something using obj\n\n }];\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e//错误的写法\n-(void)checkAllValidItems{\n [self.allItems enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(id _Nonnull obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL * _Nonnull stop) {\n //do something using obj\n //如果在enumerate过程中其它线程对self.allItems进行了变更操作，这里就会引发crash\n }];\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】大部分情况下都不使用可变集合作为成员变量，如果确实需要进行集合的增删改操作，使用临时可变集合变量处理，之后再进行赋值操作。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】禁止返回\u003ccode\u003emutable\u003c/code\u003e对象，禁止\u003ccode\u003emutable\u003c/code\u003e对象作为入参传递。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】如果使用\u003ccode\u003eNSMutableDictionary\u003c/code\u003e作为缓存，推荐使用\u003ccode\u003eNSCache\u003c/code\u003e代替\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】容器类使用泛型来指定对象的类型\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@property (readonly) NSArray\u0026lt;NSURL *\u0026gt; *imageURLs;\n\nNSDictionary\u0026lt;NSString *, NSNumber *\u0026gt; *mapping = @{@\"a\": @1, @\"b\": @2};\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@property (readonly) NSArray *imageURLs;\n\nNSDictionary *mapping = @{@\"a\": @1, @\"b\": @2};\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e字符串\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】当使用\u003ccode\u003ekeypaths:@\"xx\"\u003c/code\u003e时候，尽量使用\u003ccode\u003eNSStringFromSelector(@selector(xx))\u003c/code\u003e方式，防止某个\u003ccode\u003ekey\u003c/code\u003e被删除后没有编译感知\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】取\u003ccode\u003esubstring\u003c/code\u003e的时候要考虑\u003ccode\u003eemoji\u003c/code\u003e字符的问题，防止截到中间\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (NSString *)dt_substringToIndex:(NSUInteger)index\n {\n //... 越界判断\n NSRange wRange = [self rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange:NSMakeRange(0, index)];\n return [self substringWithRange:wRange];\n }\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e锁\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】专锁专用，一个\u003ccode\u003elock\u003c/code\u003e对象只负责一个任务。这样可以在逻辑上进行区分，也可以避免潜在的死锁问题\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】不同锁的使用场景：\u003cbr\u003e\n(1)性能最好的属\u003ccode\u003epthread_mutex、dispatch_semaphore\u003c/code\u003e，另外\u003ccode\u003edispatch_semaphore\u003c/code\u003e在等待的时候会释放CPU资源，所以适合用在等待耗时较长的场景；\u003cbr\u003e\n(2)\u003ccode\u003e@synchronized\u003c/code\u003e是最简单易用的递归锁，不会有忘记\u003ccode\u003eunlock\u003c/code\u003e的情况，但性能也是最低的，适合用在对性能要求不高的场景;\u003cbr\u003e\n(3)其他的还有\u003ccode\u003eNSLock\u003c/code\u003e，性能介于上面二者之间，也有对应的条件锁\u003ccode\u003eNSConditionLock\u003c/code\u003e和递归锁\u003ccode\u003eNSRecursiveLock\u003c/code\u003e，因为是\u003ccode\u003eObjective-C\u003c/code\u003e对象，适合用在偏\u003ccode\u003eObjective-C\u003c/code\u003e编程的场景，比如需要把锁存放在\u003ccode\u003eNSDictionary\u003c/code\u003e中的场景。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】在使用锁的过程中如果要\u003ccode\u003ereturn\u003c/code\u003e，切记要先进行\u003ccode\u003eunlock\u003c/code\u003e; 如果可能有\u003ccode\u003eexception\u003c/code\u003e发生，那么需要在\u003ccode\u003e@finally\u003c/code\u003e中进行锁的释放\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void) exclusiveMethod1{\n [self.lock lock];\n\n if (condition == true){\n //这里要记得unlcok，否则下次在进入这个方法就会发生线程被死锁的问题\n [self.lock unlock];\n return;\n }\n\n [self.lock unlock];\n}\n\n- (void) exclusiveMethod2{\n [self.lock lock];\n\n @try{\n //异常发生\n }@catch(NSException* ex){\n }@finally{\n //此处需要进行锁的回收\n [self.lock unlock];\n }\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eIO\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【参考】尽量减少使用\u003ccode\u003eNSUserDefault\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】\u003ccode\u003e[[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] synchronize]\u003c/code\u003e会\u003ccode\u003eblock\u003c/code\u003e当前线程直到所有\u003ccode\u003eUserDefault\u003c/code\u003e里的内容写回存储；如果内容过多，重复调用的话会严重影响性能。建议只有在合适的时候（比如退到后台）再进行持久化操作（此方法即将\u003ccode\u003edeprecated\u003c/code\u003e，可以不再调用）\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】一些经常被读取的本地文件建议做好内存缓存，减少IO开销\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】文件存储路径请遵循以下规则：\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003ccode\u003eDocuments\u003c/code\u003e目录：您应该将所有的应用程序数据文件写入到这个目录下。这个目录用于存储用户数据。该路径可通过配置实现iTunes共享文件。可被iTunes备份。\u003cbr\u003e\n(2) \u003ccode\u003eAppName.app\u003c/code\u003e 目录：这是应用程序的程序包目录，包含应用程序的本身。由于应用程序必须经过签名，所以您在运行时不能对这个目录中的内容进行修改，否则可能会使应用程序无法启动。\u003cbr\u003e\n(3) \u003ccode\u003eLibrary\u003c/code\u003e目录：这个目录下有两个子目录：\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ccode\u003ePreferences\u003c/code\u003e 目录：包含应用程序的偏好设置文件。您不应该直接创建偏好设置文件，而是应该使用\u003ccode\u003eNSUserDefaults\u003c/code\u003e类来取得和设置应用程序的偏好.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003ccode\u003eCaches\u003c/code\u003e 目录：用于存放应用程序专用的支持文件，保存应用程序再次启动过程中需要的信息。\u003cbr\u003e\n可创建子文件夹。可以用来放置您希望被备份但不希望被用户看到的数据。该路径下的文件夹，除\u003ccode\u003eCaches\u003c/code\u003e以外，都会被iTunes备份。\u003cbr\u003e\n(4) \u003ccode\u003etmp\u003c/code\u003e 目录：这个目录用于存放临时文件，保存应用程序再次启动过程中不需要的信息。该路径下的文件不会被iTunes备份。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eUI\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】不要在除了\u003ccode\u003eviewDidLoad\u003c/code\u003e方法之外调用\u003ccode\u003eViewController\u003c/code\u003e的\u003ccode\u003eself.view\u003c/code\u003e来进行\u003ccode\u003eview\u003c/code\u003e操作，特别是在一些系统通知之类的回调中，有可能造成\u003ccode\u003eself.view\u003c/code\u003e创建出来之后没有被加入到当前层级，导致子\u003ccode\u003eview\u003c/code\u003e的诡异问题.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning{\n [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];\n [self.view doSomething]; //如果当VC已经被创建，但是view还没有加入到view层级中时(比如Tabbar初始化之后的非选中VC)，此时接收到了内存警告，那么self.view会被直接创建，没有加入到层级，导致其子view可能处于异常的状态\n}\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】如果想要获取\u003ccode\u003eapp\u003c/code\u003e的\u003ccode\u003ewindow\u003c/code\u003e,不要\u003ccode\u003eview.window\u003c/code\u003e来获取,可以使用\u003ccode\u003e[[UIApplication sharedApplication] keyWindow]\u003c/code\u003e来获取。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e说明：如果\u003ccode\u003eview\u003c/code\u003e不在展示时，获取\u003ccode\u003ewindow\u003c/code\u003e会是\u003ccode\u003enil\u003c/code\u003e，而不是真正的\u003ccode\u003eapp\u003c/code\u003e所在的\u003ccode\u003ewindow\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】UI对象只允许在主线程访问。（避免在异步线程里释放，这样可以避免在\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e时访问\u003ccode\u003eview\u003c/code\u003e结构导致问题）\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】禁止在\u003ccode\u003eViewController\u003c/code\u003e的\u003ccode\u003edealloc\u003c/code\u003e方法中访问\u003ccode\u003eself.view\u003c/code\u003e，会导致已经释放的\u003ccode\u003eview\u003c/code\u003e被再次重建，可能会造成各种不可预知的问题\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】显示带\u003ccode\u003etextfield\u003c/code\u003e的\u003ccode\u003ealert\u003c/code\u003e之前，一定要确保键盘不在显示状态，否则会\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://stackoverflow.com/questions/29637443/nsinteralinconsistencyexception-uikeyboardlayoutalignmentview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e参考文章\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n可以直接： \u003ccode\u003e[[[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate window] endEditing:YES];\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】禁止使用\u003ccode\u003edrawViewHierarchyInRect\u003c/code\u003e截屏\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e原因：截屏会消耗大内存和耗性能，不建议使用该技术方案.\u003cbr\u003e\n推荐使用 \u003ccode\u003esnapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】不建议将\u003ccode\u003eUIView\u003c/code\u003e类的对象加入到\u003ccode\u003eNSDictionary, NSSet,\u003c/code\u003e如有需要可以添加到\u003ccode\u003eNSMapTable\u003c/code\u003e 和 \u003ccode\u003eNSHashTable\u003c/code\u003e。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eNSDictionary,NSSet\u003c/code\u003e会对加入的对象做\u003ccode\u003estrong\u003c/code\u003e引用，而\u003ccode\u003eNSMapTable、NSHashTable\u003c/code\u003e会对加入的对象做\u003ccode\u003eweak\u003c/code\u003e引用。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eCategory\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】\u003ccode\u003ecategory\u003c/code\u003e方法加自定义前缀。防止与其它人冲突。\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@interface NSString(category)\n- (NSString*)ali_stripWhiteSpace;\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e@interface NSString(category)\n- (NSString*)stripWhiteSpace;\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】禁止\u003ccode\u003ecategory\u003c/code\u003e方法覆盖系统方法，防止出现方法调用的不确定性\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】对于一些提供\u003ccode\u003ecategory\u003c/code\u003e的工具库，建议根据不同类型功能拆分成不同的子\u003ccode\u003ebundle\u003c/code\u003e，方便引用方按需引用，控制\u003ccode\u003eApp\u003c/code\u003e体积\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】Category的源文件名称必须是“类名+扩展名.{h,m}”\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e正例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eNSString+ALiCategory.h\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e反例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eNSStringALiCategory.h\nNSString_ALiCategory.h\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e异常\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】不要在\u003ccode\u003e@finally\u003c/code\u003e块中使用\u003ccode\u003ereturn\u003c/code\u003e或者\u003ccode\u003e@throw\u003c/code\u003e等导致方法执行中断的语句，会导致\u003ccode\u003e@try\u003c/code\u003e内的\u003ccode\u003ereturn\u003c/code\u003e失效\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e其它\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】使用\u003ccode\u003eMethod swizzle\u003c/code\u003e之前考虑是否有其他方法可以代替，禁止\u003ccode\u003eswizzle\u003c/code\u003e其他基础库，二方三方库的方法\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】\u003ccode\u003eNSNotification\u003c/code\u003e接口，\u003ccode\u003euserInfo\u003c/code\u003e和\u003ccode\u003eobject\u003c/code\u003e的使用要规范。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e说明：\u003ccode\u003eobject\u003c/code\u003e通常是指发出\u003ccode\u003enotification\u003c/code\u003e的对象，如果在发送\u003ccode\u003enotification\u003c/code\u003e的同时要传递一些信息，请使用\u003ccode\u003euserInfo\u003c/code\u003e,而不是\u003ccode\u003eobject.\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【推荐】在使用固定格式的\u003ccode\u003edateFormatter\u003c/code\u003e时候，需要设置\u003ccode\u003esetLocale\u003c/code\u003e为\u003ccode\u003e\"en_US_POSIX\"\u003c/code\u003e，防止一些不同日历下格式异常，\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e示例：\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003eNSDate* now = [NSDate date];\nNSDateFormatter* fmt = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];\nfmt.locale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@\"en_US_POSIX\"];\nNSString* string = \"1996-12-19T16:39:57-08:00\";\nNSDate* date = fmt.dateFromString(string);\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】在使用\u003ccode\u003eCTTelephonyNetworkInfo\u003c/code\u003e的时候，务必使用全局的单例实例，这个类本身存在bug，如果有多实例会存在会导致小概率的crash。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】调用\u003ccode\u003eblock\u003c/code\u003e时务必判断\u003ccode\u003eblock\u003c/code\u003e是否为\u003ccode\u003enil\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【推荐】调用\u003ccode\u003edelegate\u003c/code\u003e的\u003ccode\u003eoptional\u003c/code\u003e方法时，判断\u003ccode\u003edelegate\u003c/code\u003e能否响应该方法，避免\u003ccode\u003ecrash\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】禁止访问对象的结构体变量（使用-\u0026gt;）\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】需要使用磁盘缓存的业务，务必提供清理缓存的能力\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】对于不确定对象类型的比较，可以使用\u003ccode\u003eisEqual:\u003c/code\u003e方法，其会对类型进行判断；对于确定对象类型的比较，比如\u003ccode\u003eNSString\u003c/code\u003e，可以使用\u003ccode\u003eisEqualToString：\u003c/code\u003e，其不对类型进行判断，但相比前者性能更好。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e工程规约\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e版本管理规约\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【建议】遵循语义化版本号规范，版本格式：主版本号.次版本号.修订号，版本号递增规则如下：\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e主版本号：当你做了不兼容的 API 修改，\u003cbr\u003e\n次版本号：当你做了向下兼容的功能性新增，\u003cbr\u003e\n修订号：当你做了向下兼容的问题修正。\u003cbr\u003e\n先行版本号及版本编译信息可以加到“主版本号.次版本号.修订号”的后面，作为延伸。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【建议】App灰度使用四位版本号\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【建议】业务方维护自己业务SDK的版本号，不要使用主App的版本号来做业务逻辑判断，如果有需要可以使用业务SDK的版本号来判断\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e分支管理\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【建议】主分支Master\u003cbr\u003e\n代码库应该有一个、且仅有一个主分支。所有提供给用户使用的正式版本，都在这个主分支上发布。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【建议】开发分支Develop\u003cbr\u003e\n日常开发分支在Develop,如果想正式对外发布，就在Master分支上，对Develop分支进行\"合并\"（merge）。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【建议】临时性分支，按不同的需求，开启相应的临时分支，使用完以后，应该删除\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e功能（feature）分支\u003cbr\u003e\n预发布（release）分支\u003cbr\u003e\n修补bug（fixbug）分支\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【强制】每次版本发布之后，都应该在代码仓库中对应的节点添加tag，保证版本的可回溯\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003e【参考】在 Git 提交时可以使用 [添加]，[修改]，[删除]，[修复]，[更新]等前缀词语来表明当前的Commit 信息。\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e包管理\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【参考】可以使用CocoaPods作为包管理工具\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e【强制】检查\u003ccode\u003epodspec\u003c/code\u003e的\u003ccode\u003eresource\u003c/code\u003e选项，不要把\u003ccode\u003ePodfile、podspec、InfoPlist.strings、Info.plist\u003c/code\u003e或者源文件等导出到使用方的工程中\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eShow Me The Code!\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e千言万语，不如直接看代码。这里我们简单写了一个Demo，用于展示规约中比较常见的一些条款的应用。\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#import \u0026lt;Foundation/Foundation.h\u0026gt;\n\n/**\n 性别的枚举值\n\n - ALIPersonGenderMale: 男人\n - ALIPersonGenderFemale: 女人\n - ALIPersonGenderUnknown: 不知道是男是女\n */\ntypedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, ALIPersonGender) {\n ALIPersonGenderMale,\n ALIPersonGenderFemale,\n ALIPersonGenderUnknown\n};\n\n/**\n 人的基本类型\n */\n@interface ALIPerson : NSObject\n\n/**\n 名称\n */\n@property(nonatomic, copy, nonnull) NSString *name;\n\n/**\n 性别\n */\n@property(nonatomic, assign) ALIPersonGender gender;\n\n/**\n 初始化方法\n\n @param aName 人的名字\n @param aGender 人的性别\n @return 返回人的实例\n */\n- (nonnull instancetype)initWithName:(nonnull NSString *)aName gender:(ALIPersonGender)aGender;\n\n@end\n\n\n/**\n 一个人的体育运动\n */\n@interface ALIPerson (Sports)\n\n/**\n 扩展方法强调要有前缀，以免冲突\n */\n- (void)alPlayBasketBallWithPerson:(nullable ALIPerson *)person;\n\n@end\n\n/**\n 程序员常用的语言枚举\n\n - ALICoderLanguagesJava: Java\n - ALICoderLanguagesC: C语言\n - ALICoderLanguagesCPP: C++\n - ALICoderLanguagesJavaScript: JavaScript\n - ALICoderLanguagesPHP: PHP是世界上最好的语言\n - ALICoderLanguagesRuby: ruby\n - ALICoderLanguagesPython: python\n - ALICoderLanguagesOC: Objective-C\n */\ntypedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, ALICoderLanguages){\n ALICoderLanguagesNone = 0,\n ALICoderLanguagesJava = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 0,\n ALICoderLanguagesC = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 1,\n ALICoderLanguagesCPP = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 2,\n ALICoderLanguagesJavaScript = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 3,\n ALICoderLanguagesPHP = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 4,\n ALICoderLanguagesRuby = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 5,\n ALICoderLanguagesPython = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 6,\n ALICoderLanguagesOC = 1 \u0026lt;\u0026lt; 7\n};\n\n/**\n 程序员的基本协议\n */\n@protocol ALICoderProtocol \u0026lt;NSObject\u0026gt;\n\n/**\n 对大家说一句helloworld\n\n @return 具体的helloworld内容\n */\n- (nonnull NSString *)sayHelloWorld;\n\n\n/**\n 喜欢的语言\n\n @return 具体的语言，这里为了做事例用了mask\n */\n- (ALICoderLanguages)preferLanguages;\n\n@end\n\n//Notification消息使用全局的 NSString 对象进行标识，其名称按如下的方式组合:\n//[Name of associated class] + [Did | Will] + [UniquePartOfName] + Notification\n//程序员即将写出一个bug的通知\nextern NSString * _Nonnull const ALIChinaCoderWillWriteBugsNotification;\n//程序员已经制造了一个bug的通知\nextern NSString * _Nonnull const ALIChinaCoderDidWriteBugsNotification;\n\n/**\n 程序员的代理，主要负责在程序员要写出bug的时候告诉代理，让代理处理下，是否要修复bug，或者打醒程序员\n */\n@protocol ALIChinaCoderDelegate \u0026lt;NSObject\u0026gt;\n\n/**\n 程序员即将写出bug的回调\n\n @param coder 程序员本身\n @param partner 程序员的搭档\n */\n- (void)coder:(nonnull ALIPerson\u0026lt;ALICoderProtocol\u0026gt; *)coder willWriteBugsWithPartner:(nullable ALIPerson\u0026lt;ALICoderProtocol\u0026gt; *)partner;\n\n/**\n 程序员已经写出bug的回调\n\n @param coder 程序员本身\n @param partner 程序员的搭档，我们一般认为跟妹子一起，由于程序员喜欢装逼，更容易写出bug\n */\n- (void)coder:(nonnull ALIPerson\u0026lt;ALICoderProtocol\u0026gt; *)coder didWriteBugsWithPartner:(nullable ALIPerson\u0026lt;ALICoderProtocol\u0026gt; *)partner;\n\n\n@end\n\n/**\n 中国程序员\n */\n@interface ALIChinaCoder : ALIPerson\u0026lt;ALICoderProtocol\u0026gt;\n\n@property(nonatomic, weak, nullable) id\u0026lt;ALIChinaCoderDelegate\u0026gt; delegate;\n/**\n 结对编程\n\n @param partner 一起编程的程序员\n */\n- (void)pairProgrammingWithPartner:(nullable ALIPerson\u0026lt;ALICoderProtocol\u0026gt; *)partner;\n\n@end\n\n/**\n 美国程序员\n */\n@interface ALIUSACoder : ALIPerson\u0026lt;ALICoderProtocol\u0026gt;\n\n@end\n\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\n\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode\u003e#import \"ALIPerson.h\"\n\n@implementation ALIPerson\n\n#pragma mark - Life Cycle\n\n- (instancetype)initWithName:(NSString *)aName gender:(ALIPersonGender)aGender{\n if (self = [super init]) {\n _name = aName;\n _gender = aGender;\n }\n return self;\n}\n\n@end\n\nNSString * const ALIPersonNameYaoMing = @\"姚明\";\n\n@implementation ALIPerson (Sports)\n\n- (void)alPlayBasketBallWithPerson:(ALIPerson *)person{\n if ([person.name isEqualToString:ALIPersonNameYaoMing]) {\n NSLog(@\"把球给我，我要回家！\");\n }else{\n NSLog(@\"看我装逼看我飞\");\n }\n}\n\n@end\n\n//尽量声明变量而非用宏\nNSString * const ALIChinaCoderNameNotFound = @\"没人跟你说你好世界\";\n\nNSString * const ALIChinaCoderWillWriteBugsNotification = @\"ALChinaCoderWillWriteBugsNotification\";\nNSString * const ALIChinaCoderDidWriteBugsNotification = @\"ALChinaCoderDidWriteBugsNotification\";\n\n@implementation ALIChinaCoder\n\n#pragma mark - ALCoderProtocol\n\n- (NSString *)sayHelloWorld{\n if (!self.name) {\n return ALIChinaCoderNameNotFound;\n }\n return [NSString stringWithFormat:@\"%@说你好世界\",self.name];\n}\n\n- (ALICoderLanguages)preferLanguages{\n return ALICoderLanguagesOC|ALICoderLanguagesJava|ALICoderLanguagesC;\n}\n\n#pragma mark - public\n\n- (void)pairProgrammingWithPartner:(ALIPerson\u0026lt;ALICoderProtocol\u0026gt; *)partner{\n switch (partner.gender) {\n case ALIPersonGenderMale: {\n NSLog(@\"我去。。\");\n break;\n }\n case ALIPersonGenderFemale: {\n [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:ALIChinaCoderWillWriteBugsNotification object:self];\n [self.delegate coder:self willWriteBugsWithPartner:partner];\n NSLog(@\"哦也。。\");\n NSLog(@\"看我手把手教妹子写代码\");\n [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:ALIChinaCoderDidWriteBugsNotification object:self];\n [self.delegate coder:self didWriteBugsWithPartner:partner];\n break;\n }\n default: {\n NSLog(@\"看情况再说。。\");\n break;\n }\n }\n}\n\n@end\n\nNSString * const ALIUSACoderNameNotFound = @\"No one say hello world\";\n\n@implementation ALIUSACoder\n\n#pragma mark - ALICoderProtocol\n\n- (NSString *)sayHelloWorld{\n if (!self.name) {\n return ALIUSACoderNameNotFound;\n }\n return [NSString stringWithFormat:@\"%@ say Hello World\",self.name];\n}\n\n- (ALICoderLanguages)preferLanguages{\n return 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