rootViewController 获取真的如你想的那么简单吗?

本文探讨了在iOS开发中两种获取RootViewController的方法及其差异。通过对比不同场景下UIWindow的keyWindow属性与AppDelegate中window属性的表现,揭示了UIAlertView等弹窗对窗口层次的影响,并给出了推荐实践。

转自:http://www.jianshu.com/p/ae84cd31d8f0


你一般怎么获取工程中window上面的RootViewController

第一种方法:

   UIWindow *window = [UIApplication sharedApplication].keyWindow;
   UIViewController *rootViewController = window.rootViewController;

第二种方法:

  AppDelegate *appdelegate = (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
  UIViewController *rootViewController1 = appdelegate.window.rootViewController;

这两种写法,在平常的时候是没有区别的,但是这两种写法在有的时候就不一样了。
keyWindow这个属性是什么意思?


Paste_Image.png

个人理解的意思是,在windows数组中,最近时间调用makeKeyAndVisible方法的属性。
当然可以参考关于UIAlertView显示的相关内容:
http://www.jianshu.com/p/7ac398ef4532
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5968703/how-to-find-root-uiviewcontroller

alertView的出现是因为,生成了一个新的window,加在了界面上面。这个时候获取到的keyWindow就是UIAlertControllerShimPresenterWindow。可以通过如下代码实验:

Appdelegate中的代码,设置RootViewController

- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions {
    // Override point for customization after application launch.

    self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[UIScreen mainScreen].bounds];
    self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];
    ViewController *view = [[ViewController alloc] init];
    UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc] initWithRootViewController:view];
    self.window.rootViewController = nav;
    [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];

    return YES;
}

ViewController中的代码

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.

    UIButton *tempBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeSystem];
    tempBtn.frame = CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100);
    tempBtn.backgroundColor = [UIColor cyanColor];
    [tempBtn setTitle:@"测试1" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [tempBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(clickBtn:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [self.view addSubview:tempBtn];
}
- (void)clickBtn:(UIButton *)sender{
// 创建一个测试的alertView
UIAlertView *alterView = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"测试" message:@"测试" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"取消" otherButtonTitles:nil, nil];
    [alterView show];
 UIWindow *window1 = [UIApplication sharedApplication].keyWindow;
    AppDelegate *appdelegate = (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
    UIWindow *window2 = appdelegate.window;

 NSLog(@"\n\nwindow1 = %@    \n\nwindow2 = %@  \n\nwindow1.rootViewController = %@ \n\nwindow2.rootViewController = %@",window1,window2,window1.rootViewController,window2.rootViewController);
}

打印结果:

window1 = <_UIAlertControllerShimPresenterWindow: 0x7fb4ab720c80; frame = (0 0; 375 667); opaque = NO; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x7fb4ab72fac0>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x7fb4ab7223f0>>    

window2 = <UIWindow: 0x7fb4ab720650; frame = (0 0; 375 667); gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x7fb4ab722310>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x7fb4ab720a70>>  

window1.rootViewController = <UIApplicationRotationFollowingController: 0x7fb4ab9282e0> 

window2.rootViewController = <UINavigationController: 0x7fb4ae820800>

结果明显不一样,其实我们一般情况下想获取的rootViewController是第二种,希望我们获取到在appdelegate中设置的appdelaget.window.rootViewController。
所以了建议获取rootViewController的时候还是采用
第二种方法:

  AppDelegate *appdelegate = (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
  UIViewController *rootViewController1 = appdelegate.window.rootViewController;

其实,和alertView类似的,UIActionSheet也是这样的。
一般人说无所谓,但是如果在AlertView弹出的时候去获取RootViewController,并且对你认为获取正确的RootViewController做相关的操作,你会死的很惨。

还有就是建议:即时通过第二种方法获取到了RootViewController,在使用之前建议再判断一下获取到的类是不是就是自己想要的类型,更保险一些。

 AppDelegate *appdelegate = (AppDelegate *)[UIApplication sharedApplication].delegate;
    if ([appdelegate.window.rootViewController isKindOfClass:["想要获取到的rootVC" class]] == YES) {
        // 为所欲为
    }


<think>我们正在讨论的是在Flutter混合开发中实现Flutter与原生(Android/iOS)双向通信的方法。根据引用[1][2][4][5],Flutter提供了三种通信机制:MethodChannel、BasicMessageChannel和EventChannel。下面将详细说明如何实现双向通信,特别是使用MethodChannel(最常用)和BasicMessageChannel。 ### 一、双向通信的核心:Channel机制 Flutter与原生通信基于**平台通道(Platform Channel)**,其工作原理如下: 1. Flutter端创建通道并发送消息 2. 原生端监听相同名称的通道 3. 消息通过编解码器转换为二进制传输 4. 接收端处理并返回结果(双向) ```dart // Flutter端通道创建 const channel = MethodChannel('com.example/app'); ``` ### 二、MethodChannel 双向通信实现 #### 场景:Flutter调用原生方法获取设备信息,原生主动通知Flutter网络状态变化 #### 步骤1:Flutter端代码 ```dart // 1. 创建MethodChannel const _methodChannel = MethodChannel('com.example/app'); // 2. 调用原生方法(Flutter→原生) Future<String> getDeviceModel() async { try { return await _methodChannel.invokeMethod('getDeviceModel'); } on PlatformException catch (e) { return "Failed: ${e.message}"; } } // 3. 设置原生调用Flutter的回调(原生→Flutter) @override void initState() { super.initState(); _methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler((call) async { switch (call.method) { case 'networkStatusChanged': setState(() => _networkStatus = call.arguments); return true; default: throw MissingPluginException(); } }); } ``` #### 步骤2:Android端(Kotlin) ```kotlin class MainActivity : FlutterActivity() { private val CHANNEL = "com.example/app" override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) { super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine) // 注册通道 MethodChannel(flutterEngine.dartExecutor, CHANNEL).apply { // 处理Flutter调用 setMethodCallHandler { call, result -> when (call.method) { "getDeviceModel" -> { result.success(Build.MODEL) // 返回设备型号 } else -> result.notImplemented() } } // 主动通知Flutter(模拟网络变化) Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed({ invokeMethod("networkStatusChanged", "WiFi", object : MethodChannel.Result { override fun success(p0: Any?) { /* 成功 */ } override fun error(p0: String, p1: String?, p2: Any?) { /* 失败 */ } override fun notImplemented() {} }) }, 5000) } } } ``` #### 步骤3:iOS端(Swift) ```swift @UIApplicationMain @objc class AppDelegate: FlutterAppDelegate { override func application( _ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]? ) -> Bool { let controller = window?.rootViewController as! FlutterViewController let channel = FlutterMethodChannel(name: "com.example/app", binaryMessenger: controller.binaryMessenger) // 处理Flutter调用 channel.setMethodCallHandler { call, result in switch call.method { case "getDeviceModel": result(UIDevice.current.model) // 返回设备型号 default: result(FlutterMethodNotImplemented) } } // 主动通知Flutter(模拟网络变化) DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 5) { channel.invokeMethod("networkStatusChanged", arguments: "4G") } return super.application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: launchOptions) } } ``` ### 三、BasicMessageChannel 双向通信实现 #### 场景:实时传递用户输入(适合连续数据流) #### Flutter端 ```dart // 创建通道(使用String编解码器) final _messageChannel = BasicMessageChannel<String>( 'com.example/message', StringCodec(), ); // 发送消息到原生 _messageChannel.send('Hello from Flutter!'); // 监听原生消息 _messageChannel.setMessageHandler((message) async { print('Received: $message'); return null; // 可返回响应 }); ``` #### Android端(Kotlin) ```kotlin val messageChannel = BasicMessageChannel<String>( flutterEngine.dartExecutor, "com.example/message", StringCodec.INSTANCE ) // 接收Flutter消息 messageChannel.setMessageHandler { message, reply -> Log.d("MSG", "Received: $message") reply.reply("Android received: $message") // 回复 } // 主动发送消息 messageChannel.send("Hello from Android") { reply -> Log.d("MSG", "Flutter replied: $reply") } ``` #### iOS端(Swift) ```swift let messageChannel = FlutterBasicMessageChannel( name: "com.example/message", binaryMessenger: controller.binaryMessenger, codec: FlutterStringCodec.sharedInstance() ) // 接收Flutter消息 messageChannel.setMessageHandler { message, reply in print("Received: \(message ?? "")") reply("iOS received: \(message ?? "")") } // 主动发送消息 messageChannel.sendMessage("Hello from iOS") { reply in print("Flutter replied: \(reply ?? "")") } ``` ### 四、通信数据类型支持 所有Channel支持相同的数据类型[^5]: | Dart 类型 | Android 类型 | iOS 类型 | |--------------------|-------------------|------------------| | null | null | nil | | bool | java.lang.Boolean | NSNumber(bool) | | int | java.lang.Integer | NSNumber(int) | | double | java.lang.Double | NSNumber(double) | | String | java.lang.String | NSString | | Uint8List | byte[] | FlutterStandardTypedData(bytes: ) | | Int32List | int[] | FlutterStandardTypedData(int32: )| | Int64List | long[] | FlutterStandardTypedData(int64: )| | Float64List | double[] | FlutterStandardTypedData(float64: )| | List | java.util.ArrayList | NSArray | | Map | java.util.HashMap | NSDictionary | ### 五、混合开发最佳实践 1. **通道命名规范**:使用反向域名格式(如 `com.company.app/channel_name`) 2. **线程安全**: - Android端确保在主线程更新UI - iOS端使用`DispatchQueue.main.async` 3. **错误处理**: ```dart try { await channel.invokeMethod('method'); } on PlatformException catch (e) { print("Error: ${e.message}, code: ${e.code}"); } ``` 4. **释放资源**:在`dispose`中取消监听 ```dart @override void dispose() { _channel.setMethodCallHandler(null); super.dispose(); } ``` ### 六、调试技巧 1. **检查通道注册**: ```dart debugPrint(services.defaultBinaryMessenger .checkMessageHandler('com.example/app')?.toString()); // 输出:Handler exists? true ``` 2. **原生端断点**:在Android Studio/Xcode中设置断点监听通道调用 3. **日志追踪**: ```kotlin // Android MethodChannel(flutterEngine.dartExecutor, CHANNEL).apply { setMethodCallHandler { call, result -> Log.d("CHANNEL", "Received: ${call.method}") } } ``` > **注意**:混合开发中若使用`FlutterFragment`,需通过`getFlutterEngine()`获取正确引擎[^1][^3] ### 常见问题解决方案 | 问题 | 解决方法 | |-----------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 调用无响应 | 检查两端通道名称是否完全一致(包括大小写) | | 数据类型不匹配 | 使用`call.arguments as Map`强制转换或检查编解码器 | | 原生调用Flutter失败 | 确保Flutter端已调用`setMethodCallHandler` | | 热重载后通信中断 | 原生修改后需完全重启应用(非热重载) | | 跨引擎通信 | 多Flutter实例时使用`FlutterEngineGroup`[^1] | ### 总结流程图 ```mermaid graph LR A[Flutter调用] -->|MethodChannel| B(原生处理) B --> C{执行操作} C --> D[返回结果] --> A E[原生事件] -->|BasicMessageChannel| F(Flutter处理) F --> G[更新状态] --> E ``` 通过以上方法,可实现Flutter与原生平台的高效双向通信。实际开发中,推荐: - **简单调用**:使用`MethodChannel` - **数据流**:使用`EventChannel` - **频繁消息**:使用`BasicMessageChannel` --- ### §§相关问题§§ 1. 当 Flutter 插件依赖原生 SDK 时如何正确处理依赖冲突? 2. 如何为 Flutter 插件编写跨平台(Android/iOS)的单元测试? 3. 在 FlutterBoost 架构下如何处理原生导航栈与 Flutter 路由的映射?</think>在 Flutter 混合开发中实现 Flutter 与原生双向通信,主要通过 Flutter 提供的 **Channel 通信机制**实现。以下是详细实现方法和步骤: --- ### 一、三种通信方式对比 | **通道类型** | **通信方向** | **适用场景** | 特点 | |--------------------|-------------|--------------------------------------|--------------------------| | **MethodChannel** | 双向 | 方法调用(请求-响应) | 最常用,支持异步返回值 | | **BasicMessageChannel** | 双向 | 基础数据传递(字符串/二进制) | 简单数据流,无固定格式 | | **EventChannel** | 单向 | 原生→Flutter 事件流(如传感器数据) | 原生主动推送,Flutter监听 | --- ### 二、MethodChannel 双向通信实现(推荐) #### 场景:Flutter 调用原生方法获取设备信息,原生主动通知 Flutter 网络状态变化 #### 步骤 1:Flutter 端代码 ```dart // 1. 创建 MethodChannel const _methodChannel = MethodChannel('com.example/app'); // 2. 调用原生方法(Flutter → 原生) Future<String> getDeviceModel() async { try { return await _methodChannel.invokeMethod('getDeviceModel'); } on PlatformException catch (e) { return "Failed: ${e.message}"; } } // 3. 设置原生调用 Flutter 的回调(原生 → Flutter) @override void initState() { super.initState(); _methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler((call) async { switch (call.method) { case 'networkStatusChanged': setState(() => _networkStatus = call.arguments); return true; default: throw MissingPluginException(); } }); } ``` #### 步骤 2:Android 端(Kotlin) ```kotlin class MainActivity : FlutterActivity() { private val CHANNEL = "com.example/app" override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) { super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine) // 注册通道 MethodChannel(flutterEngine.dartExecutor, CHANNEL).apply { // 处理 Flutter 调用 setMethodCallHandler { call, result -> when (call.method) { "getDeviceModel" -> { result.success(Build.MODEL) // 返回设备型号 } else -> result.notImplemented() } } // 主动通知 Flutter(模拟网络变化) Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed({ invokeMethod("networkStatusChanged", "WiFi", object : MethodChannel.Result { override fun success(p0: Any?) { /* 成功 */ } override fun error(p0: String, p1: String?, p2: Any?) { /* 失败 */ } override fun notImplemented() {} }) }, 5000) } } } ``` #### 步骤 3:iOS 端(Swift) ```swift @UIApplicationMain @objc class AppDelegate: FlutterAppDelegate { override func application( _ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]? ) -> Bool { let controller = window?.rootViewController as! FlutterViewController let channel = FlutterMethodChannel(name: "com.example/app", binaryMessenger: controller.binaryMessenger) // 处理 Flutter 调用 channel.setMethodCallHandler { call, result in switch call.method { case "getDeviceModel": result(UIDevice.current.model) // 返回设备型号 default: result(FlutterMethodNotImplemented) } } // 主动通知 Flutter(模拟网络变化) DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 5) { channel.invokeMethod("networkStatusChanged", arguments: "4G") } return super.application(application, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions: launchOptions) } } ``` --- ### 三、BasicMessageChannel 双向通信实现 #### 场景:实时传递用户输入(适合连续数据流) #### Flutter 端 ```dart // 创建通道(使用 String 编解码器) final _messageChannel = BasicMessageChannel<String>( 'com.example/message', StringCodec(), ); // 发送消息到原生 _messageChannel.send('Hello from Flutter!'); // 监听原生消息 _messageChannel.setMessageHandler((message) async { print('Received: $message'); return null; // 可返回响应 }); ``` #### Android 端(Kotlin) ```kotlin val messageChannel = BasicMessageChannel<String>( flutterEngine.dartExecutor, "com.example/message", StringCodec.INSTANCE ) // 接收 Flutter 消息 messageChannel.setMessageHandler { message, reply -> Log.d("MSG", "Received: $message") reply.reply("Android received: $message") // 回复 } // 主动发送消息 messageChannel.send("Hello from Android") { reply -> Log.d("MSG", "Flutter replied: $reply") } ``` #### iOS 端(Swift) ```swift let messageChannel = FlutterBasicMessageChannel( name: "com.example/message", binaryMessenger: controller.binaryMessenger, codec: FlutterStringCodec.sharedInstance() ) // 接收 Flutter 消息 messageChannel.setMessageHandler { message, reply in print("Received: \(message ?? "")") reply("iOS received: \(message ?? "")") } // 主动发送消息 messageChannel.sendMessage("Hello from iOS") { reply in print("Flutter replied: \(reply ?? "")") } ``` --- ### 四、关键注意事项 1. **通道命名一致性**: - Flutter 与原生端的通道名称必须**完全一致**(大小写敏感) - 推荐格式:`com.company.app/channel_name` 2. **线程安全**: - Android 端确保在主线程更新 UI: ```kotlin runOnUiThread { updateUI() } ``` - iOS 使用主队列: ```swift DispatchQueue.main.async { updateUI() } ``` 3. **数据类型支持**: | Dart 类型 | Android 类型 | iOS 类型 | |--------------------|-------------------|------------------| | String | String | NSString | | int/double | Integer/Double | NSNumber | | bool | Boolean | NSNumber(bool) | | List | ArrayList | NSArray | | Map | HashMap | NSDictionary | | ByteData | byte[] | NSData | 4. **混合开发特殊处理**: - 使用 `FlutterFragment` 时传递正确的引擎 ID[^1]: ```java FlutterFragment.withCachedEngine("engine_id").build() ``` - 在 `Application` 中预初始化引擎: ```kotlin FlutterEngine(this).also { it.dartExecutor.executeDartEntrypoint() FlutterEngineCache.getInstance().put("engine_id", it) } ``` --- ### 五、调试技巧 1. **检查通道注册**: ```dart // 打印已注册的通道 debugPrint(WidgetsBinding.instance.defaultBinaryMessenger .checkMessageHandler('com.example/app').toString()); ``` 2. **错误处理**: ```dart try { await channel.invokeMethod('method'); } on PlatformException catch (e) { print("Error: ${e.message}, code: ${e.code}"); } ``` 3. **原生端日志**: - Android:`Log.d("CHANNEL", "Received: ${call.method}")` - iOS:`print("Received method: \(call.method)")` > **提示**:90% 的通信问题源于**通道名不一致**或**原生未注册处理程序**,请优先检查这两点[^2][^5]。 --- ### 六、通信流程图 ```mermaid sequenceDiagram Flutter->>Native: 1. invokeMethod('getDeviceModel') activate Native Native-->>Flutter: 2. 返回设备型号 deactivate Native Native->>Flutter: 3. 主动发送事件(networkStatusChanged) Flutter-->>Native: 4. 处理事件并更新UI ``` 通过以上方法,可实现稳定高效的双向通信。实际开发中推荐使用 **MethodChannel** 处理大多数场景,**BasicMessageChannel** 适用于数据流传输[^2][^4]。 --- ###
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
红包 添加红包
表情包 插入表情
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值