使用父类调用子类成员/函数，虚函数继承时覆盖机制

最新推荐文章于 2025-10-24 00:17:14 发布

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本文通过C++代码示例介绍了多态与继承的基本概念。定义了一个Animal基类和Fish、Bird两个派生类，并展示了如何使用指针调用不同派生类的成员函数。

#include <iostream>
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

class Animal
{
public:
    virtual void Print(){};
    string type,color;
};

class Fish :public Animal
{
public:
    Fish(string a,string b,int x)
    {
        type = a;
        color = b;
        Osteichthyes = x;
    }

    virtual void Print()
    {
        cout<<"type: "<<type<<", color: "<<color<<", Osteichthyes: "<<Osteichthyes<<endl;
    }

    int Osteichthyes;
};

class Bird :public Animal
{
public:
    Bird(string a, string b,int x)
    {
        type = a;
        color = b;
        daytime = x;
    }

    virtual void Print()
    {
        cout<<"type: "<<type<<", color: "<<color<<", daytime: "<<daytime<<endl;
    }

    int daytime;
};

int main()
{
    Animal *animal;//animal是父类
    string    type, color;
    bool Osteichthyes, daytime;
    cin >> type >> color >> Osteichthyes;
    Fish fish(type, color, Osteichthyes);
    fish.Print();
    animal = &fish;//animal指向子类
    animal->Print();//父类的Print是虚函数，继承的时候被子类的Print函数覆盖
    
    cin >> type >> color >> daytime;
    Bird bird(type, color, daytime);
    bird.Print();
    animal = &bird;
    animal->Print();

    return 0;

}