【Pytorch基础】torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss样本不均衡的处理

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已于 2022-05-10 16:47:34 修改

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分类专栏： Pytorch学习文章标签：深度学习损失函数 Pytorch

于 2021-06-25 15:05:58 首次发布

原文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_37451333/article/details/105644605

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本文探讨了正负样本不均衡问题，并介绍了如何利用PyTorch中的BCEWithLogitsLoss来调整不同类别样本的损失权重，以解决样本不平衡问题。通过设置pos_weight参数，可以有效地对正样本的损失进行加权。

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遇到了正负样本不均衡的问题，正样本数目是负样本的5倍，这样会导致FP率较高。尝试将正样本的loss权重增高，看BCEWithLogitsLoss的源码。

Examples::
 
    >>> target = torch.ones([10, 64], dtype=torch.float32)  # 64 classes, batch size = 10
    >>> output = torch.full([10, 64], 0.999)  # A prediction (logit)
    >>> pos_weight = torch.ones([64])  # All weights are equal to 1
    >>> criterion = torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=pos_weight)
    >>> criterion(output, target)  # -log(sigmoid(0.999))
    tensor(0.3135)
 
Args:
    weight (Tensor, optional): a manual rescaling weight given to the loss
        of each batch element. If given, has to be a Tensor of size `nbatch`.
    size_average (bool, optional): Deprecated (see :attr:`reduction`). By default,
        the losses are averaged over each loss element in the batch. Note that for
        some losses, there are multiple elements per sample. If the field :attr:`size_average`
        is set to ``False``, the losses are instead summed for each minibatch. Ignored
        when reduce is ``False``. Default: ``True``
    reduce (bool, optional): Deprecated (see :attr:`reduction`). By default, the
        losses are averaged or summed over observations for each minibatch depending
        on :attr:`size_average`. When :attr:`reduce` is ``False``, returns a loss per
        batch element instead and ignores :attr:`size_average`. Default: ``True``
    reduction (string, optional): Specifies the reduction to apply to the output:
        ``'none'`` | ``'mean'`` | ``'sum'``. ``'none'``: no reduction will be applied,
        ``'mean'``: the sum of the output will be divided by the number of
        elements in the output, ``'sum'``: the output will be summed. Note: :attr:`size_average`
        and :attr:`reduce` are in the process of being deprecated, and in the meantime,
        specifying either of those two args will override :attr:`reduction`. Default: ``'mean'``
    pos_weight (Tensor, optional): a weight of positive examples.
            Must be a vector with length equal to the number of classes.

对其中的参数pos_weight的使用存在疑惑，BCEloss里的例子pos_weight = torch.ones([64]) # All weights are equal to 1，不懂为什么会有64个class，因为BCEloss是针对二分类问题的loss，后经过检索，得知还有多标签分类。
在这里插入图片描述
多标签分类就是多个标签，每个标签有两个label（0和1），这类任务同样可以使用BCEloss。

比如我们有正负两类样本，正样本数量为100个，负样本为400个，我们想要对正负样本的loss进行加权处理，将正样本的loss权重放大4倍，通过这样的方式缓解样本不均衡问题。

criterion = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=torch.tensor([4]))
 
# pos_weight (Tensor, optional): a weight of positive examples.
#            Must be a vector with length equal to the number of classes.

pos_weight里是一个tensor列表，需要和标签个数相同，比如我们现在是二分类，只需要将正样本loss的权重写上即可。如果是多标签分类，有64个标签，则

Examples::
 
    >>> target = torch.ones([10, 64], dtype=torch.float32)  # 64 classes, batch size = 10
    >>> output = torch.full([10, 64], 0.999)  # A prediction (logit)
    >>> pos_weight = torch.ones([64])  # All weights are equal to 1
    >>> criterion = torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(pos_weight=pos_weight)
    >>> criterion(output, target)  # -log(sigmoid(0.999))
    tensor(0.3135)

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