The DENX U-Boot and Linux Guide (DULG) for canyonlands

Table of contents :

• 1. Abstract
• 2. Introduction
  • 2.1. Copyright
  • 2.2. Disclaimer
  • 2.3. Availability
  • 2.4. Credits
  • 2.5. Translations
  • 2.6. Feedback
  • 2.7. Conventions
• 3. Embedded Linux Development Kit
  • 3.1. ELDK Availability
  • 3.2. ELDK Getting Help
  • 3.3. Supported Host Systems
  • 3.4. Supported Target Architectures
  • 3.5. Installation
    • 3.5.1. Product Packaging
    • 3.5.2. Downloading the ELDK
    • 3.5.3. Initial Installation
    • 3.5.4. Installation and Removal of Individual Packages
    • 3.5.5. Removal of the Entire Installation
  • 3.6. Working with ELDK
    • 3.6.1. Switching Between Multiple Installations
  • 3.7. Mounting Target Components via NFS
  • 3.8. Rebuilding ELDK Components
    • 3.8.1. ELDK Source Distribution
    • 3.8.2. Rebuilding Target Packages
    • 3.8.3. Rebuilding ELDT Packages
  • 3.9. ELDK Packages
    • 3.9.1. List of ELDT Packages
    • 3.9.2. List of Target Packages
  • 3.10. Rebuilding the ELDK from Scratch
    • 3.10.1. ELDK Build Process Overview
    • 3.10.2. Setting Up ELDK Build Environment
    • 3.10.3. build.sh Usage
    • 3.10.4. Format of the cpkgs.lst and tpkgs.lst Files
  • 3.11. Notes for Solaris 2.x Host Environment
• 4. System Setup
  • 4.1. Serial Console Access
  • 4.2. Configuring the "cu" command
  • 4.3. Configuring the "kermit" command
  • 4.4. Using the "minicom" program
  • 4.5. Permission Denied Problems
  • 4.6. Configuration of a TFTP Server
  • 4.7. Configuration of a BOOTP / DHCP Server
  • 4.8. Configuring a NFS Server
• 5. Das U-Boot
  • 5.1. Current Versions
  • 5.2. Unpacking the Source Code
  • 5.3. Configuration
  • 5.4. Installation
    • 5.4.1. Before You Begin
      • 5.4.1.1. Installation Requirements
      • 5.4.1.2. Board Identification Data
    • 5.4.2. Installation Using a BDM/JTAG Debugger
    • 5.4.3. Installation using U-Boot
  • 5.5. Tool Installation
  • 5.6. Initialization
  • 5.7. Initial Steps
  • 5.8. The First Power-On
  • 5.9. U-Boot Command Line Interface
    • 5.9.1. Information Commands
      • 5.9.1.1. bdinfo - print Board Info structure
      • 5.9.1.2. coninfo - print console devices and informations
      • 5.9.1.3. flinfo - print FLASH memory information
      • 5.9.1.4. iminfo - print header information for application image
      • 5.9.1.5. help - print online help
    • 5.9.2. Memory Commands
      • 5.9.2.1. base - print or set address offset
      • 5.9.2.2. crc32 - checksum calculation
      • 5.9.2.3. cmp - memory compare
      • 5.9.2.4. cp - memory copy
      • 5.9.2.5. md - memory display
      • 5.9.2.6. mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing)
      • 5.9.2.7. mtest - simple RAM test
      • 5.9.2.8. mw - memory write (fill)
      • 5.9.2.9. nm - memory modify (constant address)
      • 5.9.2.10. loop - infinite loop on address range
    • 5.9.3. Flash Memory Commands
      • 5.9.3.1. cp - memory copy
      • 5.9.3.2. flinfo - print FLASH memory information
      • 5.9.3.3. erase - erase FLASH memory
      • 5.9.3.4. protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
      • 5.9.3.5. mtdparts - define a Linux compatible MTD partition scheme
    • 5.9.4. Execution Control Commands
      • 5.9.4.1. source - run script from memory
      • 5.9.4.2. bootm - boot application image from memory
      • 5.9.4.3. go - start application at address 'addr'
    • 5.9.5. Download Commands
      • 5.9.5.1. bootp - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol
      • 5.9.5.2. dhcp - invoke DHCP client to obtain IP/boot params
      • 5.9.5.3. loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
      • 5.9.5.4. loads - load S-Record file over serial line
      • 5.9.5.5. rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
      • 5.9.5.6. tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol
    • 5.9.6. Environment Variables Commands
      • 5.9.6.1. printenv- print environment variables
      • 5.9.6.2. saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
      • 5.9.6.3. setenv - set environment variables
      • 5.9.6.4. run - run commands in an environment variable
      • 5.9.6.5. bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'
    • 5.9.7. Flattened Device Tree support
      • 5.9.7.1. fdt addr - select FDT to work on
      • 5.9.7.2. fdt list - print one level
      • 5.9.7.3. fdt print - recursive print
      • 5.9.7.4. fdt mknode - create new nodes
      • 5.9.7.5. fdt set - set node properties
      • 5.9.7.6. fdt rm - remove nodes or properties
      • 5.9.7.7. fdt move - move FDT blob to new address
      • 5.9.7.8. fdt chosen - fixup dynamic info
    • 5.9.8. Special Commands
      • 5.9.8.1. i2c - I2C sub-system
    • 5.9.9. Storage devices
    • 5.9.10. Miscellaneous Commands
      • 5.9.10.1. echo - echo args to console
      • 5.9.10.2. reset - Perform RESET of the CPU
      • 5.9.10.3. sleep - delay execution for some time
      • 5.9.10.4. version - print monitor version
      • 5.9.10.5. ? - alias for 'help'
  • 5.10. U-Boot Environment Variables
  • 5.11. U-Boot Scripting Capabilities
  • 5.12. U-Boot Standalone Applications
    • 5.12.1. "Hello World" Demo
    • 5.12.2. Timer Demo
  • 5.13. U-Boot Image Formats
  • 5.14. U-Boot Advanced Features
    • 5.14.1. Boot Count Limit
• 6. Embedded Linux Configuration
  • 6.1. Download and Unpack the Linux Kernel Sources
  • 6.2. Kernel Configuration and Compilation
  • 6.3. Installation
• 7. Booting Embedded Linux
  • 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.2. Flattened Device Tree Blob
  • 7.3. Passing Kernel Arguments
  • 7.4. Boot Arguments Unleashed
  • 7.5. Networked Operation with Root Filesystem over NFS
    • 7.5.1. Bootlog of tftp'd Linux kernel with Root Filesystem over NFS
  • 7.6. Boot from Flash Memory
  • 7.7. Standalone Operation with Ramdisk Image
• 8. Building and Using Modules
• 9. Advanced Topics
  • 9.1. Flash Filesystems
    • 9.1.1. Memory Technology Devices
    • 9.1.2. Journalling Flash File System
    • 9.1.3. Second Version of JFFS
    • 9.1.4. Compressed ROM Filesystem
  • 9.2. The TMPFS Virtual Memory Filesystem
    • 9.2.1. Mount Parameters
    • 9.2.2. Kernel Support for tmpfs
    • 9.2.3. Usage of tmpfs in Embedded Systems
  • 9.3. Adding Swap Space
  • 9.4. Splash Screen Support in Linux
  • 9.5. Root File System: Design and Building
    • 9.5.1. Root File System on a Ramdisk
    • 9.5.2. Root File System on a JFFS2 File System
    • 9.5.3. Root File System on a cramfs File System
    • 9.5.4. Root File System on a Read-Only ext2 File System
    • 9.5.5. Root File System on a Flash Card
    • 9.5.6. Root File System in a Read-Only File in a FAT File System
  • 9.6. Root File System Selection
  • 9.7. Overlay File Systems
  • 9.8. The Persistent RAM File system (PRAMFS)
    • 9.8.1. Mount Parameters
    • 9.8.2. Example
• 10. Debugging
  • 10.1. Debugging of U-Boot
    • 10.1.1. Debugging of U-Boot Before Relocation
    • 10.1.2. Debugging of U-Boot After Relocation
  • 10.2. Linux Kernel Debugging
    • 10.2.1. Linux Kernel and Statically Linked Device Drivers
    • 10.2.2. Dynamically Loaded Device Drivers (Modules)
    • 10.2.3. GDB Macros to Simplify Module Loading
  • 10.3. GDB Startup File and Utility Scripts
  • 10.4. Tips and Tricks
  • 10.5. Application Debugging
    • 10.5.1. Local Debugging
    • 10.5.2. Remote Debugging
  • 10.6. Debugging with Graphical User Interfaces
• 11. Simple Embedded Linux Framework
• 12. Books, Mailing Lists, Links, etc.
  • 12.1. Application Notes
  • 12.2. Further Reading
    • 12.2.1. License Issues
    • 12.2.2. Linux kernel
    • 12.2.3. General Linux / Unix programming
    • 12.2.4. Network Programming
    • 12.2.5. C++ programming
    • 12.2.6. Java programming
    • 12.2.7. Internationalization And Character Sets
    • 12.2.8. ARM Architecture Programming
    • 12.2.9. Power Architecture® Programming
    • 12.2.10. Embedded Topics
  • 12.3. Mailing Lists
  • 12.4. Links
  • 12.5. Tools
• 13. Appendix
  • 13.1. Flat Device Tree
  • 13.2. Flat Device Tree
  • 13.3. BDI2000 Configuration file
• 14. FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
  • 14.1. ELDK
    • 14.1.1. ELDK Installation under FreeBSD
    • 14.1.2. ELDK Installation Hangs
    • 14.1.3. .gvfs: Permission Denied
    • 14.1.4. Installation on Local Harddisk
    • 14.1.5. System Include Files Missing
    • 14.1.6. patch: command not found
    • 14.1.7. ELDK Include Files Missing
    • 14.1.8. Using the ELDK on a 64 bit platform
    • 14.1.9. GDB Problems with BDI2000/BDI3000 on e500 Cores
    • 14.1.10. How can I check if Floating Point support is working?
    • 14.1.11. ELDK 2.x Installation Aborts
    • 14.1.12. Enable SSH Access
  • 14.2. U-Boot
    • 14.2.1. Can U-Boot be configured such that it can be started in RAM?
    • 14.2.2. Relocation cannot be done when using -mrelocatable
    • 14.2.3. Source object has EABI version 4, but target has EABI version 0
    • 14.2.4. U-Boot crashes after relocation to RAM
    • 14.2.5. Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
    • 14.2.6. Net: No ethernet found
    • 14.2.7. Wrong debug symbols after relocation
    • 14.2.8. Decoding U-Boot Crash Dumps
    • 14.2.9. Porting Problem: cannot move location counter backwards
    • 14.2.10. U-Boot Doesn't Run after Upgrading my Compiler
    • 14.2.11. How Can I Reduce The Image Size?
    • 14.2.12. Erasing Flash Fails
    • 14.2.13. Ethernet Does Not Work
    • 14.2.14. Where Can I Get a Valid MAC Address from?
    • 14.2.15. Why do I get TFTP timeouts?
    • 14.2.16. Why is my Ethernet operation not reliable?
    • 14.2.17. How the Command Line Parsing Works
      • 14.2.17.1. Old, simple command line parser
      • 14.2.17.2. Hush shell
      • 14.2.17.3. Hush shell scripts
      • 14.2.17.4. General rules
    • 14.2.18. How can I load and uncompress a compressed image
    • 14.2.19. How can I create an uImage from a ELF file
    • 14.2.20. My standalone program does not work
    • 14.2.21. Linux hangs after uncompressing the kernel
    • 14.2.22. How can I implement automatic software updates?
  • 14.3. Linux
    • 14.3.1. Linux crashes randomly
    • 14.3.2. Linux crashes when uncompressing the kernel
    • 14.3.3. Linux Post Mortem Analysis
    • 14.3.4. Linux kernel register usage
    • 14.3.5. Linux Kernel Ignores my bootargs
    • 14.3.6. Cannot configure Root Filesystem over NFS
    • 14.3.7. Linux Kernel Panics because "init" process dies
    • 14.3.8. Unable to open an initial console
    • 14.3.9. System hangs when entering User Space (ARM)
    • 14.3.10. Mounting a Filesystem over NFS hangs forever
    • 14.3.11. Ethernet does not work in Linux
    • 14.3.12. Loopback interface does not work
    • 14.3.13. Linux kernel messages are not printed on the console
    • 14.3.14. Linux ignores input when using the framebuffer driver
    • 14.3.15. How to switch off the screen saver and the blinking cursor?
    • 14.3.16. BogoMIPS Value too low
    • 14.3.17. Linux Kernel crashes when using a ramdisk image
    • 14.3.18. Ramdisk Greater than 4 MB Causes Problems
    • 14.3.19. Combining a Kernel and a Ramdisk into a Multi-File Image
    • 14.3.20. Adding Files to Ramdisk is Non Persistent
    • 14.3.21. Kernel Configuration for PCMCIA
    • 14.3.22. Configure Linux for PCMCIA Cards using the Card Services package
    • 14.3.23. Configure Linux for PCMCIA Cards without the Card Services package
      • 14.3.23.1. Using a MacOS Partition Table
      • 14.3.23.2. Using a MS-DOS Partition Table
    • 14.3.24. Boot-Time Configuration of MTD Partitions
    • 14.3.25. Use NTP to synchronize system time against RTC
    • 14.3.26. Configure Linux for XIP (Execution In Place)
      • 14.3.26.1. XIP Kernel
      • 14.3.26.2. Cramfs Filesystem
      • 14.3.26.3. Hints and Notes
      • 14.3.26.4. Space requirements and RAM saving, an example
    • 14.3.27. Use SCC UART with Hardware Handshake
    • 14.3.28. How can I access U-Boot environment variables in Linux?
    • 14.3.29. The =appWeb= server hangs *OR* /dev/random hangs
    • 14.3.30. Swapping over NFS
    • 14.3.31. Using NFSv3 for NFS Root Filesystem
    • 14.3.32. Using and Configuring the SocketCAN Driver
    • 14.3.33. Telnet / SSH (dropbear) server not working
  • 14.4. Self
    • 14.4.1. How to Add Files to a SELF Ramdisk
    • 14.4.2. How to Increase the Size of the Ramdisk
  • 14.5. RTAI
    • 14.5.1. Conflicts with asm clobber list
  • 14.6. BDI2000
    • 14.6.1. Where can I find BDI2000 Configuration Files?
    • 14.6.2. How to Debug Linux Exceptions
    • 14.6.3. How to single step through "RFI" instruction
    • 14.6.4. Setting a breakpoint doesn't work
    • 14.6.5. Remote 'g' packet reply is too long
  • 14.7. Motorola LITE5200 Board
    • 14.7.1. LITE5200 Installation Howto
    • 14.7.2. USB does not work on Lite5200 board
• 15. Glossary
• http://www.denx.de/wiki/bin/view/DULG/Manual