Hive集合数据类型(Struct,Map,Array)_hive的集合数据类型有map,struct,array这三种-优快云博客

Hive的列除了支持基本的数据类型外，还支持使用Struct、Map和Array三种集合数据类型。

假设某表有如下一行，我们用JSON格式来表示其数据结构。在Hive下访问的格式为

{
    "name": "John Doe",
    "salary": 100000.0 ,
    "subordinates": ["Mary Smith" , "Todd Jones"] ,   //列表Array, 
    "deductions": {                                  //键值Map,
        "Federal Taxes": 0.2 ,
        "State Taxes": 0.05,
        "Insurance": 0.1
    }
    "address": {                                     //结构Struct,
        "street": "1 Michigan Ave." ,
        "city": "Chicago" ,
        "state": "IL" ,
        "zip": 60600
    }
}

基于上述数据结构，我们在Hive里创建对应的表，并导入数据。
创建本地测试文件test.txt

John Doe,100000.0,Mary Smith_Todd Jones,Federal Taxes:0.2_State Taxes:0.05_Insurance:0.1,1 Michigan Ave._Chicago_1L_60600
Tom Smith,90000.0,Jan_Hello Ketty,Federal Taxes:0.2_State Taxes:0.05_Insurance:0.1,Guang dong._China_0.5L_60661

ps:注意，MAP,STRUCT和ARRAY里的元素间关系都可以用同一个字符表示，这里用“_”。

Hive上创建测试表employees

CREATE  TABLE learn.employees(
name STRING,
sa1ary FLOAT,
subordinates ARRAY<STRING>,
deductions MAP<STRING, FLOAT>,
address STRUCT<street:STRING, city:STRING, state:STRING, zip:INT>
)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','    -- 列分隔符
COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY '_'  --MAP STRUCT 和 ARRAY 的分隔符(数据分割符号)
MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY ':' -- MAP中的key与value的分隔符
LINES TERMINATED BY '\n';  -- 行分隔符

导入文本数据到测试表

load data local inpath "/home/hadoop/files/input/test.txt" overwrite into table learn.employees ;

访问三种集合列里的数据，以下分别是ARRAY，MAP，STRUCT的访问方式

hive> select subordinates[1], deductions['Federal Taxes'],address.city from learn.employees;
OK
Todd Jones     0.2    Chicago
Hello Ketty    0.2    China
Time taken: 0.123 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)