【黑马SpringCloud微服务开发与实战】（七）MQ入门

1. MQ课程介绍

2. 初识MQ —— 同步调用优缺点

3. 初识MQ —— 异步调用优缺点

4. 初识MQ —— 技术选型

docker run \
 -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=itheima \
 -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123321 \
 -v mq-plugins:/plugins \
 --name mq \
 --hostname mq \
 -p 15672:15672 \
 -p 5672:5672 \
 --network hm-net\
 -d \
 rabbitmq:3.8-management

docker run \
 -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=itheima \
 -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123321 \
 -v mq-plugins:/plugins \
 --name mq \
 --hostname mq \
 -p 15672:15672 \
 -p 5672:5672 \
 --network hm-net\
 -d \
 rabbitmq:3.8-management

http://192.168.10.100:15672/

如果你的无响应，可以试试添加端口

# CentOS 示例
sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=5672/tcp --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=15672/tcp
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
# 确认端口已添加
sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports
# 重启容器
docker restart mq

如果重启容器失败，就重启docker在重启容器。

5. 快速入门

6. 数据隔离

退出mq，用hmall账号登录，然后设置：

选择你想看的

7. Java客户端——快速入门

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>mq-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>publisher</module>
        <module>consumer</module>
    </modules>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.12</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--AMQP依赖，包含RabbitMQ-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.10.100 # 你的虚拟机IP
    port: 5672 # 端口
    virtual-host: /hmall # 虚拟主机
    username: hmall # 用户名
    password: 123 # 密码

记得消费者和发送者都要配

ctrl + shift + t 创建测试类

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testSimpleQueue() {
        // 队列名称
        String queueName = "simple.queue";
        // 消息
        String message = "hello, spring amqp!";
        // 发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);
    }

队列接受到消息

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {

    // 利用RabbitListener来声明要监听的队列信息
    // 将来一旦监听的队列中有了消息，就会推送给当前服务，调用当前方法，处理消息。
    // 可以看到方法体中接收的就是消息体的内容
    @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
    public void listenSimpleQueueMessage(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("spring 消费者接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }
}

8. Java客户端——WorkQueue

    @RabbitListener(queues = "work.queue")
    public void listenWorkQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
        Thread.sleep(20);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "work.queue")
    public void listenWorkQueue2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.err.println("消费者2........接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
        Thread.sleep(200);
    }

/**
     * workQueue
     * 向队列中不停发送消息，模拟消息堆积。
     */
@Test
public void testWorkQueue() throws InterruptedException {
    // 队列名称
    String queueName = "work.queue";
    // 消息
    String message = "hello, message_";
    for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
        // 发送消息，每20毫秒发送一次，相当于每秒发送50条消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message + i);
        Thread.sleep(20);
    }
}

注意到这两消费者，都设置了Thead.sleep，模拟任务耗时：

• 消费者1 sleep了20毫秒，相当于每秒钟处理50个消息
• 消费者2 sleep了200毫秒，相当于每秒处理5个消息

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    listener:
      simple:
        prefetch: 1 # 每次只能获取一条消息，处理完成才能获取下一个消息

可以发现，由于消费者1处理速度较快，所以处理了更多的消息；消费者2处理速度较慢，只处理了6条消息。而最终总的执行耗时也在1秒左右，大大提升。
正所谓能者多劳，这样充分利用了每一个消费者的处理能力，可以有效避免消息积压问题。

9. Java客户端——Fanout交换机

@Test
public void testFanoutExchange() {
    // 交换机名称
    String exchangeName = "hmall.fanout";
    // 消息
    String message = "hello, everyone!";
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "", message);
}

@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")
public void listenFanoutQueue1(String msg) {
    System.out.println("消费者1接收到Fanout消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue2")
public void listenFanoutQueue2(String msg) {
    System.out.println("消费者2接收到Fanout消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

10. Java客户端——Direct交换机

@RabbitListener(queues = "direct.queue1")
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg) {
    System.out.println("消费者1接收到direct.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(queues = "direct.queue2")
public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg) {
    System.out.println("消费者2接收到direct.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

red发送

    @Test
    public void testSendDirectExchange() {
        // 交换机名称
        String exchangeName = "hmall.direct";
        // 消息
        String message = "红色警报！日本乱排核废水，导致海洋生物变异，惊现哥斯拉！";
        // 发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "red", message);
    }

blue 发送：

    @Test
    public void testSendDirectExchange() {
        // 交换机名称
        String exchangeName = "hmall.direct";
        // 消息
        String message = "红色警报！日本乱排核废水，导致海洋生物变异，惊现哥斯拉！";
        // 发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "blue", message);
    }

11. Java客户端——Topic交换机

创建队列和交换机比较简单，这里就不一一阐述和前面类似，这里贴一个绑定的图：

    @RabbitListener(queues = "topic.queue1")
    public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者1接收到topic.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "topic.queue2")
    public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){
        System.out.println("消费者2接收到topic.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }

    /**
     * topicExchange
     */
    @Test
    public void testSendTopicExchange() {
        // 交换机名称
        String exchangeName = "hmall.topic";
        // 消息
        String message = "喜报！孙悟空大战哥斯拉，胜!";
        // 发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "china.news", message);
    }

这里符合两个队列的匹配规则。

12. Java客户端——基于Bean声明队列交换机

package com.itheima.consumer.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {

    /**
     * 声明交换机
     * @return Fanout类型交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
        return new FanoutExchange("hmall.fanout");
    }

    /**
     * 第1个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
        return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange);
    }

    /**
     * 第2个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
        return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanoutExchange);
    }
}

package com.itheima.consumer.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class DirectConfig {

    /**
     * 声明交换机
     * @return Direct类型交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange directExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("hmall.direct").build();
    }

    /**
     * 第1个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue directQueue1(){
        return new Queue("direct.queue1");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue1WithRed(Queue directQueue1, DirectExchange directExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(directExchange).with("red");
    }
    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue1WithBlue(Queue directQueue1, DirectExchange directExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(directExchange).with("blue");
    }

    /**
     * 第2个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue directQueue2(){
        return new Queue("direct.queue2");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue2WithRed(Queue directQueue2, DirectExchange directExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(directExchange).with("red");
    }
    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue2WithYellow(Queue directQueue2, DirectExchange directExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(directExchange).with("yellow");
    }
}

13. Java客户端——基于注解声明队列交换机

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
    key = {"red", "blue"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者1接收到direct.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
    key = {"red", "yellow"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者2接收到direct.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
    key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者1接收到topic.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue2"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "hmall.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
    key = "#.news"
))
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者2接收到topic.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

14. Java客户端——消息转换器

package com.itheima.consumer.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class MessageConfig {

    @Bean
    public Queue objectQueue() {
        return new Queue("object.queue");
    }
}

@Test
public void testSendMap() throws InterruptedException {
    // 准备消息
    Map<String,Object> msg = new HashMap<>();
    msg.put("name", "柳岩");
    msg.put("age", 21);
    // 发送消息
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("object.queue", msg);
}

配置消息转换器，在publisher和consumer两个服务的启动类中添加一个Bean即可：

    @Bean
    public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }

15. Java客户端——业务改造

package com.hmall.common.config;

import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(Jackson2JsonMessageConverter.class)
public class MqConfig {

    @Bean
    public MessageConverter messageConverter(){
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }

}

自动装配、把spring.factorys写
记的加这个 @ConditionalOnClass(Jackson2JsonMessageConverter.class) 不然自动装配会报错

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
  com.hmall.common.config.MyBatisConfig,\
  com.hmall.common.config.MvcConfig,\
  com.hmall.common.config.MqConfig,\
  com.hmall.common.config.JsonConfig

        <!--消息发送-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.10.100 # 你的虚拟机IP
    port: 5672 # 端口
    virtual-host: /hmall # 虚拟主机
    username: hmall # 用户名
    password: 123 # 密码

创建listen包 tarde服务里面作为消费者监听

@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class PayStatusListener {

    private final IOrderService orderService;


    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue(name = "trade.pay.success.queue", durable = "true"),
            exchange = @Exchange(name = "pay.topic"),
            key = "pay.success"
    ))
    public void listenPaySuccess(Long orderId){
        orderService.markOrderPaySuccess(orderId);
    }
}

pay的生产者代码修改

private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

try {
    rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("pay.topic", "pay.success", po.getBizOrderNo());
} catch (Exception e) {
    log.error("支付成功的消息发送失败，支付单id：{}， 交易单id：{}", po.getId(), po.getBizOrderNo(), e);
}