【运维经】第47章——emplace_back使用

运维经–目录

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emplace_back使用

c++开发中我们会经常用到插入操作对stl的各种容器进行操作，比如vector,map,set等。在引入右值引用，转移构造函数，转移复制运算符之前，通常使用push_back()向容器中加入一个右值元素(临时对象)时，首先会调用构造函数构造这个临时对象，然后需要调用拷贝构造函数将这个临时对象放入容器中。原来的临时变量释放。这样造成的问题就是临时变量申请资源的浪费。
引入了右值引用，转移构造函数后，push_back()右值时就会调用构造函数和转移构造函数,如果可以在插入的时候直接构造，就只需要构造一次即可。这就是c++11 新加的emplace_back。

#include <vector>  
#include <string>  
#include <iostream>  
 
struct President  
{  
    std::string name;  
    std::string country;  
    int year;  
 
    President(std::string p_name, std::string p_country, int p_year)  
        : name(std::move(p_name)), country(std::move(p_country)), year(p_year)  
    {  
        std::cout << "I am being constructed.\n";  
    }
    President(const President& other)
        : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)
    {
        std::cout << "I am being copy constructed.\n";
    }
    President(President&& other)  
        : name(std::move(other.name)), country(std::move(other.country)), year(other.year)  
    {  
        std::cout << "I am being moved.\n";  
    }  
    President& operator=(const President& other);  
};  
 
int main()  
{  
    std::vector<President> elections;  
    std::cout << "emplace_back:\n";  
    elections.emplace_back("Nelson Mandela", "South Africa", 1994); //没有类的创建  
 
    std::vector<President> reElections;  
    std::cout << "\npush_back:\n";  
    reElections.push_back(President("Franklin Delano Roosevelt", "the USA", 1936));  
 
    std::cout << "\nContents:\n";  
    for (President const& president: elections) {  
       std::cout << president.name << " was elected president of "  
            << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";  
    }  
    for (President const& president: reElections) {  
        std::cout << president.name << " was re-elected president of "  
            << president.country << " in " << president.year << ".\n";  
    }
 
}

输出：

emplace_back:
I am being constructed.

push_back:
I am being constructed.
I am being moved.

Contents:
Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa in 1994.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was re-elected president of the USA in 1936.