PDOException 异常类

PDOException 异常类

(PHP 5 >= 5.1.0, PHP 7)

简介

代表一个由 PDO 产生的错误。在自己的代码不应抛出一个 PDOException 异常。关于 PHP 异常的更多信息请参见 异常 。

类摘要

PDOException  extends RuntimeException {

/* 属性 */

public  array  $errorInfo ;

protected  string  $message ;

protected  string  $code ;

/* 继承的方法 */

final  public  string  Exception::getMessage (  void )

final  public  Exception  Exception::getPrevious (  void )

final  public  int  Exception::getCode (  void )

final  public  string  Exception::getFile (  void )

final  public  int  Exception::getLine (  void )

final  public  array  Exception::getTrace (  void )

final  public  string  Exception::getTraceAsString (  void )

public  string  Exception::__toString (  void )

final  private  void  Exception::__clone (  void )

}

属性

errorInfo

相当于PDO::errorInfo() 或 PDOStatement::errorInfo()

message

文本错误信息。用 Exception::getMessage() 来访问。

code

SQLSTATE 错误码。用Exception::getCode() 来访问。

 add a note

User Contributed Notes 6 notes

up

down

42

Typer85 at gmail dot com  ¶

6 years ago

Here is something interesting regarding a PDOException and it involves some of the annoyances that can be associated with PHP's dynamic nature.

PDOException extends from RuntimeException, which in return extends from Exception. As such, it has access to the $code Protected Class Variable, which represents the Exception's code as an Integer (duh!) and can be accessed externally using the Exception::getCode Method.

Here is the interesting part. PDOException actually redefines $code as a String and not an Integer because for its case, $code actually contains the Exception's SQL State, which is composed of characters and numbers.

It is actually documented in the manual that $code is a String and not an Integer but it might not be immedietley clear because it is hidden by the fact that PDOException::getCode is documented to return an Integer and not a String!

Some developers like to catch a PDOException and rethrow it as a different Exception if they wrap their database calls in an external library. For example, consider the following code:

<?php

try {
    $PDO = new PDO( '...' ); // PDO Driver DSN. Throws A PDOException.
}
catch( PDOException $Exception ) {
    // PHP Fatal Error. Second Argument Has To Be An Integer, But PDOException::getCode Returns A
    // String.
    throw new MyDatabaseException( $Exception->getMessage( ) , $Exception->getCode( ) );
}

?>

Be careful in that you have to typecast the value returned by PDOException::getCode to an Integer BEFORE you pass it as an Argument to your Exception's Constructor. The following will work:

<?php

try {
    $PDO = new PDO( '...' ); // PDO Driver DSN. Throws A PDOException.
}
catch( PDOException $Exception ) {
    // Note The Typecast To An Integer!
    throw new MyDatabaseException( $Exception->getMessage( ) , (int)$Exception->getCode( ) );
}

?>

Hope this will save some developers some frustrating hours from an otherwise enjoyable job :)

Good Luck,

up

down

4

jesse dot chisholm at gmail dot com  ¶

1 year ago

In response to the 15-May-2010 07:45 note from: samuelelliot+php dot net at gmail dot com

Since the most base class Exception takes three arguments, and the previous exception is not the first, ...
Since inherited classes to not implicitly call the parent constructor, ...

I recommend changing his constructor to this:

    public function __construct(string $message = "", int $code = 0, PDOException $e = null)
    {
        // in case they call: new MyException($somePDOException);
        // instead of following the interface.
        //
        if (is_subclass_of($message, PDOException))
        {
            $e = $message;
            $code = $e->getCode();
            $message = $e->getMessage();
        }
        
        // Let PDOException do its normal thing
        //
        parent::__construct($message, $code, $e);

        // Now to correct the code number.
        //
        $state = $this->getMessage();
        if(!strstr($state, 'SQLSTATE['))
            $state = $this->getCode();
        if(strstr($state, 'SQLSTATE['))
        {
            preg_match('/SQLSTATE\[(\w+)\] \[(\w+)\] (.*)/', $state, $matches);
            $this->code = ($matches[1] == 'HT000' ? $matches[2] : $matches[1]);
            $this->message = $matches[3];
        }
    }

up

down

2

samuelelliot+php dot net at gmail dot com  ¶

6 years ago

PDOException has two methods for retrieving information about an error. When interpreting the PDOException I run into a problem, the error code that is provided by getCode() is meaningless.  I have come up with a method to make both the error code and message more usable. 

A bad username or password would normally provide the following: 

CODE : 0 
Message : "SQLSTATE[28000] [1045] Access denied for user 'user'@'example.com' (using password: YES)"

Using my extended exception class provides: 

CODE: "28000" 
Message: "Access denied for user 'user'@'example.com' (using password: YES)" 

<?php 
class pdoDbException extends PDOException { 

    public function __construct(PDOException $e) { 
        if(strstr($e->getMessage(), 'SQLSTATE[')) { 
            preg_match('/SQLSTATE\[(\w+)\] \[(\w+)\] (.*)/', $e->getMessage(), $matches); 
            $this->code = ($matches[1] == 'HT000' ? $matches[2] : $matches[1]); 
            $this->message = $matches[3]; 
        } 
    } 
} 
?> 

To walk threw the method; first the beginning of the message is checked for the SQLSTATE text.  If the text is present, message is then parsed to pull the ANSI code, the SQL specific code, and the message.  The parsed values are stored in there respective variables.  The error code variable stores the ANSI code, unless ANSI is 'HT000' (unmapped error code) then SQL specific code is used. 

Using this class is easy; when interacting with PDO use a try catch set of blocks, as follows: 

<?php 
try { 
    $pdo = new PDO($dns, $username, $password, $options); 
} catch (PDOException $e) { 
    throw new pdoDbException($e); 
} 
?> 

Now you can use the normal error methods to retrieve the real error code and message. 

<?php 
echo $err->getCode(); // Outputs: "28000" 
echo $err->getMessage(); // Outputs: "Access denied for user 'user'@'example.com' (using password: YES)" 
?> 

If you decide to use this code, be aware that the error code is a string (as apposed to PHP standard errors which are integers) as some error codes are alphanumeric.

up

down

-1

wes at nospampls dot org  ¶

1 year ago

the sqlstate is an hex integer (as string)
if you want to wrap pdoexception, use

throw new MyDBException($pdoe->getMessage(), hexdec($pdoe->getCode()), $pdoe);

up

down

-2

radu.potop at wooptoo.com  ¶

2 years ago

Since PDOException returns the error code as a string, you need a constructor like the one below if you wish to rethrow the PDOException as a custom exception.
This constructor does not call the parent::__construct which will enforce the int type on the error code, but set the message and code as properties directly on the custom exception object.

<?php

class CustomException extends PDOException {
    
    /**
     * Override constructor and set message and code properties.
     * Workaround PHP BUGS #51742, #39615
     */
    public function __construct($message=null, $code=null) {
        $this->message = $message;
        $this->code = $code;
    }
    
}

up

down

-33

Marco01_809 "at" web "dot" de  ¶

6 years ago

This is a PDOException Error handler for Using/Debugging in Web Browser.

<?php
echo '<html><head><title>PHP PDO Tests</title></head><body>';

// Try the following code:
try {
    $db = new PDO('sqlite:database.sdb'); // Create a new PDO Object
    $db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); // Set Errorhandling to Exception

    $db->query("BlaBlaBla"); // Query something wrong

    $db = null; // "Disconnect"
}
catch (PDOException $err) {
    // Catch Expcetions from the above code for our Exception Handling
    $trace = '<table border="0">';
    foreach ($err->getTrace() as $a => $b) {
        foreach ($b as $c => $d) {
            if ($c == 'args') {
                foreach ($d as $e => $f) {
                    $trace .= '<tr><td><b>' . strval($a) . '#</b></td><td align="right"><u>args:</u></td> <td><u>' . $e . '</u>:</td><td><i>' . $f . '</i></td></tr>';
                }
            } else {
                $trace .= '<tr><td><b>' . strval($a) . '#</b></td><td align="right"><u>' . $c .'</u>:</td><td></td><td><i>' . $d . '</i></td>';
            }
        }
    }
    $trace .= '</table>';
    echo '<br /><br /><br /><font face="Verdana"><center><fieldset style="width: 66%; border: 4px solid white; background: black;"><legend><b>[</b>PHP PDO Error ' . strval($err->getCode()) . '<b>]</b></legend> <table border="0"><tr><td align="right"><b><u>Message:</u></b></td><td><i>' . $err->getMessage() . '</i></td></tr><tr><td align="right"><b><u>Code:</u></b></td><td><i>' . strval($err->getCode()) . '</i></td></tr><tr><td align="right"><b><u>File:</u></b></td><td><i>' . $err->getFile() . '</i></td></tr><tr><td align="right"><b><u>Line:</u></b></td><td><i>' . strval($err->getLine()) . '</i></td></tr><tr><td align="right"><b><u>Trace:</u></b></td><td><br /><br />' .$trace . '</td></tr></table></fieldset></center></font>';
}

echo '</body></html>';
?>