DFS与BFS（c语言实现）

1.DFS（深度优先搜索）

深度优先搜索的步骤分为 1.递归下去 2.回溯上来。顾名思义，深度优先，则是以深度为准则，先一条路走到底，直到达到目标。这里称之为递归下去。否则既没有达到目标又无路可走了，那么则退回到上一步的状态，走其他路。这便是回溯上来。

给你一个由 '1'（陆地）和 '0'（水）组成的的二维网格，请你计算网格中岛屿的数量。

岛屿总是被水包围，并且每座岛屿只能由水平方向和/或竖直方向上相邻的陆地连接形成。

此外，你可以假设该网格的四条边均被水包围。

示例 1：

输入：grid = [
  ["1","1","1","1","0"],
  ["1","1","0","1","0"],
  ["1","1","0","0","0"],
  ["0","0","0","0","0"]
]
输出：1
示例 2：

输入：grid = [
  ["1","1","0","0","0"],
  ["1","1","0","0","0"],
  ["0","0","1","0","0"],
  ["0","0","0","1","1"]
]
输出：3

来源：力扣（LeetCode）
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/number-of-islands
著作权归领扣网络所有。商业转载请联系官方授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

// BFS 广度优先搜索
#define MAXSIZE 300
// 存储节点
typedef struct NODE {
    short x;
    short y;
}Node_s;

void BFS (char** grid, int gridSize, int colSize, short (*viste)[MAXSIZE], int x, int y)
{
    Node_s que[MAXSIZE * MAXSIZE];
    memset(que, 0, sizeof(Node_s) * MAXSIZE * MAXSIZE);
    int right = 0;
  &n