springcloud-hystrix实现

已于 2022-02-11 15:57:44 修改
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文章标签： spring cloud 微服务 spring
于 2022-02-11 14:49:29 首次发布
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/x_u_xiang/article/details/122684929

Hystrix是什么

在微服务的架构系统中，每个服务都可能会调用很多其他服务，被调用的那些服务就是依赖服务。有的时候某些依赖服务出现故障也是很正常的。Hystrix可以让我们在对服务间的调用进行控制，加入一些调用延迟或者依赖故障的容错机制。Hystrix通过将依赖服务进行资源隔离，进而组织某个依赖服务出现故障的时候，这种故障在整个系统所有的依赖服务调用中进行蔓延，同时Hystrix还提供故障时的fallback降级机制。总而言之，Hystrix通过这些方法帮助我们提升系统的可用性和稳定性。

服务降级

(例 :服务器忙, 请稍后再试) 遇到突发情况,异常,超时等,不让客户端等待并立刻返回一个友好提示,fallback

  • 哪些情况会发出降级措施
  1. 异常
  2. 超时
  3. 服务熔断触发服务降级
  • 服务降级代码实现

服务提供者

pom配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xx.job</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>payment-hystrix8083</artifactId>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.xx.job</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

yml配置

server:
  port: 8083


eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: payment-hystrix

主启动类

package com.xx.job.paymenthystrix8083;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCircuitBreaker //Hystrix开启注解  断路器
public class PaymentHystrix8083Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrix8083Application.class, args);
    }

}

具体业务

package com.xx.job.paymenthystrix8083.controller;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.DefaultProperties;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.conf.HystrixPropertiesManager;
import com.xx.job.common.CommonResult;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
// 全局降级注解
@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "hystrixTimeoutHandleAll",commandProperties = {
        @HystrixProperty(name = HystrixPropertiesManager.EXECUTION_ISOLATION_THREAD_TIMEOUT_IN_MILLISECONDS, value = "7000")
})
public class PaymentController {

    @RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public CommonResult hystrixOk(@PathVariable String id){
        return new CommonResult(200, "",Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-------------"+id);
    }
    
    // 方法级别降级注解
    /*@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hystrixTimeoutHandle",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = HystrixPropertiesManager.EXECUTION_ISOLATION_THREAD_TIMEOUT_IN_MILLISECONDS, value = "3000")
    })*/
    @HystrixCommand
    @RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public CommonResult hystrixTimeout(@PathVariable String id) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("ddddddddddddddddddd"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
        Thread.sleep(6000);
       // int a = 10/0;
        return new CommonResult(200, "",Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-------------"+id);
    }

    /**
     * 降级回调方法
     * @return
     */
    public CommonResult hystrixTimeoutHandle(@PathVariable String id) throws InterruptedException {
        return new CommonResult(400, "",Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-------------"+id+"错误");
    }

    /**
     * 全局降级回调方法
     * @return
     */
    public CommonResult hystrixTimeoutHandleAll() {
        return new CommonResult(400, "",Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-------------"+"全局错误");
    }
}

测试超时或者runtime异常是否会调用降级方法。

服务调用方

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xx.job</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>order-hystrix-80</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.xx.job</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

yml文件

server:
  port: 80


eureka:
  client:
    fetch-registry: true
    register-with-eureka: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: order-hystrix-80


feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true
  client:
    config:
      default:
        #建立连接所用的时间，适用于网络状况正常的情况下，两端连接所需要的时间
        ConnectTimeOut: 5000
        #指建立连接后从服务端读取到可用资源所用的时间
        ReadTimeOut: 10000

启动类

package com.xx.job.orderhystrix80;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderHystrix80Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderHystrix80Application.class, args);
    }

}

feign运程调用接口

package com.xx.job.orderhystrix80.service;

import com.xx.job.common.CommonResult;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "PAYMENT-HYSTRIX",fallback = PaymentBackService.class)
public interface PaymentService {

    @RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public CommonResult histrixOk(@PathVariable("id") String id);

    @RequestMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public CommonResult histrixTimeOut(@PathVariable("id") String id);
}

PaymentBackService错误回调
package com.xx.job.orderhystrix80.service;

import com.xx.job.common.CommonResult;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class PaymentBackService implements PaymentService{

    public CommonResult histrixOk(String id) {
        return new CommonResult(400, "PaymentBackService  ---- histrixOk");
    }

    public CommonResult histrixTimeOut(String id) {
        return new CommonResult(400, "PaymentBackService  ---- histrixTimeOut");
    }
}

控制层

package com.xx.job.orderhystrix80.controller;

import com.xx.job.common.CommonResult;
import com.xx.job.orderhystrix80.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public CommonResult histrixOk(@PathVariable String id){
       return paymentService.histrixOk(id);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/consumer/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public CommonResult histrixTimeOut(@PathVariable String id){
        return  paymentService.histrixTimeOut(id);
    }
}

服务熔断

涉及到的三个重要参数：快照时间窗、请求总阀值、错误百分比阀值

  1. 快照时间窗：断路器确定是否打开需要统计一些请求和错误数据，而统计的时间范围就是快照时间窗，默认为最近的10秒
  2. 请求总阀值：在快照时间窗内，必须满足请求总数阀值才有资格熔断，默认为20，意味着在10秒内，如果hystrix命令的调用次数不足20次，即使所有的请求都超时或者其他原因失败，断路器都不会打开。
  3. 错误百分比阀值：当请求总数在快照时间窗内超过了阀值，比如发生了30次调用，有15次发生了超时异常，也就是超过50%的错误百分比，在默认设定50%阀值情况下，这时候就会将断路器打开

代码

package com.xx.job.paymenthystrix8083.service;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixProperty;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.conf.HystrixPropertiesManager;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.UUID;

@Service
public class PaymentService {


    // 服务熔断
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "hystrixTimeoutHandle",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = HystrixPropertiesManager.CIRCUIT_BREAKER_ENABLED, value = "true"), // 是否开启断路器
            @HystrixProperty(name = HystrixPropertiesManager.CIRCUIT_BREAKER_REQUEST_VOLUME_THRESHOLD, value = "10"), // 请求次数
            @HystrixProperty(name = HystrixPropertiesManager.CIRCUIT_BREAKER_SLEEP_WINDOW_IN_MILLISECONDS, value = "10000"), // 时间窗口期
            @HystrixProperty(name = HystrixPropertiesManager.CIRCUIT_BREAKER_ERROR_THRESHOLD_PERCENTAGE, value = "60") // 失败率达到多少后跳闸
    })
    public String paymentCircuitBreaker(Integer id){
        if(id < 0){
            throw new RuntimeException("不能是负数");
        }
        return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-------------------------成功"+ UUID.randomUUID();
    }

    public String hystrixTimeoutHandle(Integer id){
        return Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-------------------------失败";
    }

}

服务限流

.....

hystrix-dashboard可视化流量监控

pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-demo</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.xx.job</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.xx.job</groupId>
    <artifactId>hystrix-dashboard9001</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.xx.job</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-common</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

yml文件

server:
  port: 9001
hystrix:
  dashboard:
    proxy-stream-allow-list: "localhost"
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
spring:
  application:
    name: hystrix-dashboard9001

主启动类

package com.xx.job.hystrixdashboard9001;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;

@EnableHystrixDashboard
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class HystrixDashboard9001Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(HystrixDashboard9001Application.class, args);
    }
    
}

访问 http://127.0.0.1:9001/hystrix

注意被监控的实例必须要有这两个jar

 <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

 被监控实例主启动类

package com.xx.job.paymenthystrix8083;

import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.metrics.eventstream.HystrixMetricsStreamServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableCircuitBreaker //Hystrix开启注解  断路器
public class PaymentHystrix8083Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrix8083Application.class, args);
    }
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean getServlet(){
        HystrixMetricsStreamServlet streamServlet = new HystrixMetricsStreamServlet();
        ServletRegistrationBean registrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(streamServlet);
        registrationBean.setLoadOnStartup(1);
        registrationBean.addUrlMappings("/hystrix.stream");
        registrationBean.setName("HystrixMetricsStreamServlet");
        return registrationBean;
    }
}

 成功监控页面

 

具体demo spring-cloud-demo: spring-cloud-demo试例   工程payment-hystrix8083提供者

order-hystrix-80消费者


                

        

    

  



    

      

        

            

              
                
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