Python接口自动化测试——four

最新推荐文章于 2025-12-05 17:02:52 发布

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文章标签：

#python #request #post

本文详细介绍了如何通过封装request请求方法，提高接口测试的效率，包括引入常用库、封装get/post等常见请求、根据用例方法调用、以及完整代码示例。

前言——request请求方法封装

一、为什么封装请求方法

在第一篇有说到接口测试就是模拟用户端向服务端发送请求的测试，既然要模拟要肯定需要我们去发送请求，而在现实工作中需要调用的接口肯定很多，因此需要将请求方法封装方便后续的调用

二、封装的方法

1.引入库

代码如下（示例）：

import requests
import json
from common.Log import logger
from common.heapcase import Heapcase

2.对常用的请求进行封装（get，post，delete，put）

代码如下（示例）：

class RunMain():
    def get(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            r = requests.get(url, params=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = 'utf-8'
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果：", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败！", str(e))

    def post(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            r = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = 'utf-8'
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果：", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败！", str(e))

    def post_json(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            data = json.dumps(data)
            r = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = 'utf-8'
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果：", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败！", str(e))

    def put(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            data = json.dumps(data)
            r = requests.put(url, data=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = "utf-8"
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果:", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败", str(e))

    def delete(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            data = json.dumps(data)
            r = requests.delete(url, data=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = "utf-8"
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果:", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败", str(e))

3.确定用例调用哪个请求方法

每个用例的请求方式都不同，怎么去确定我们用例的请求方法呢？这就要和上一篇的内容有关，再用例管理的Excel表格里我们会去写一个method，然后通过读取这个值来调用对应的方法。所以这里我们还需要定义一个方法，就是根据method值来调用对应的请求方式

def run_main(self, method, url, data, headers):
        result = None
        if method == 'post':
            result = self.post(url, data, headers)
            #logger.info(str(result))#这个可以先不看，后面会讲解到
        elif method == 'get':
            result = self.get(url, data, headers)
            #logger.info(str(result))#这个可以先不看，后面会讲解到
        elif method == 'post_json':
            result = self.post_json(url, data, headers)
            logger.info(str(result))
        elif method == "put":
            result = self.put(url, data, headers)
             #logger.info(str(result))#这个可以先不看，后面会讲解到
        elif method == "delete":
            result = self.delete(url, data, headers)
             #logger.info(str(result))#这个可以先不看，后面会讲解到
        else:
            print("method值错误！！！")
             #logger.info(str(result))#这个可以先不看，后面会讲解到
        return result

4.完整代码如下

import requests
import json
from common.Log import logger
from common.heapcase import Heapcase


class RunMain():
    def get(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            r = requests.get(url, params=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = 'utf-8'
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果：", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败！", str(e))

    def post(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            r = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = 'utf-8'
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果：", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败！", str(e))

    def post_json(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            data = json.dumps(data)
            r = requests.post(url, data=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = 'utf-8'
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果：", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败！", str(e))

    def put(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            data = json.dumps(data)
            r = requests.put(url, data=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = "utf-8"
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果:", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败", str(e))

    def delete(self, url, data, headers):
        try:
            data = json.dumps(data)
            r = requests.delete(url, data=data, headers=headers)
            r.encoding = "utf-8"
            json_r = r.json()
            print("Test执行结果:", json_r)
            return json_r
        except BaseException as e:
            print("请求失败", str(e))

    def run_main(self, method, url, data, headers):
        result = None
        if method == 'post':
            result = self.post(url, data, headers)
            logger.info(str(result))
        elif method == 'get':
            result = self.get(url, data, headers)
            logger.info(str(result))
        elif method == 'post_json':
            result = self.post_json(url, data, headers)
            logger.info(str(result))
        elif method == "put":
            result = self.put(url, data, headers)
            logger.info(str(result))
        elif method == "delete":
            result = self.delete(url, data, headers)
            logger.info(str(result))
        else:
            print("method值错误！！！")
            logger.info('method值错误！！！')
        return result


if __name__ == '__main__':
	RunMain().run_main（"method","url",headers）