windows服务基础

参考资料:<<Windows服务编写原理及探讨>>

 

windows服务是怎么回事?如何建服务工程?如何调试服务程序?

 

本文一一为你解答..先把代码贴出来:

 

// ServiceTest.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "stdio.h" #include "tchar.h" //定义全局函数变量 void Init(); BOOL IsInstalled(); BOOL Install(); BOOL Uninstall(); void LogEvent(LPCTSTR pszFormat, ...); void WINAPI ServiceMain(); void WINAPI ServiceStrl(DWORD dwOpcode); TCHAR szServiceName[] = _T("ServiceTest"); BOOL bInstall; SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE hServiceStatus; SERVICE_STATUS status; DWORD dwThreadID; int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { Init(); dwThreadID = ::GetCurrentThreadId(); SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY st[] = { { szServiceName, (LPSERVICE_MAIN_FUNCTION)ServiceMain }, { NULL, NULL } }; if (stricmp(lpCmdLine, "/install") == 0) { Install(); } else if (stricmp(lpCmdLine, "/uninstall") == 0) { Uninstall(); } else { if (!::StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(st)) { LogEvent(_T("Register Service Main Function Error!")); } } return 0; } //********************************************************* //Functiopn: Init //Description: 初始化 //Calls: main //Called By: //Table Accessed: //Table Updated: //Input: //Output: //Return: //Others: //History: // <author>niying <time>2006-8-10 <version> <desc> //********************************************************* void Init() { hServiceStatus = NULL; status.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS; status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED; status.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP; status.dwWin32ExitCode = 0; status.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0; status.dwCheckPoint = 0; status.dwWaitHint = 0; } //********************************************************* //Functiopn: ServiceMain //Description: 服务主函数，这在里进行控制对服务控制的注册 //Calls: //Called By: //Table Accessed: //Table Updated: //Input: //Output: //Return: //Others: //History: // <author>niying <time>2006-8-10 <version> <desc> //********************************************************* void WINAPI ServiceMain() { // Register the control request handler #ifdef _DEBUG DebugBreak(); #endif status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING; status.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP; //注册服务控制 hServiceStatus = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(szServiceName, ServiceStrl); if (hServiceStatus == NULL) { LogEvent(_T("Handler not installed")); return; } SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status); status.dwWin32ExitCode = S_OK; status.dwCheckPoint = 0; status.dwWaitHint = 0; status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING; SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status); //模拟服务的运行，10后自动退出。应用时将主要任务放于此即可 int i = 0; while (i < 10) { Sleep(1000); i++; } // status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED; SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status); LogEvent(_T("Service stopped")); } //********************************************************* //Functiopn: ServiceStrl //Description: 服务控制主函数，这里实现对服务的控制， // 当在服务管理器上停止或其它操作时，将会运行此处代码 //Calls: //Called By: //Table Accessed: //Table Updated: //Input: dwOpcode：控制服务的状态 //Output: //Return: //Others: //History: // <author>niying <time>2006-8-10 <version> <desc> //********************************************************* void WINAPI ServiceStrl(DWORD dwOpcode) { switch (dwOpcode) { case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP: status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING; SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status); PostThreadMessage(dwThreadID, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0); break; case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE: break; case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE: break; case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE: break; case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN: break; default: LogEvent(_T("Bad service request")); } } //********************************************************* //Functiopn: IsInstalled //Description: 判断服务是否已经被安装 //Calls: //Called By: //Table Accessed: //Table Updated: //Input: //Output: //Return: //Others: //History: // <author>niying <time>2006-8-10 <version> <desc> //********************************************************* BOOL IsInstalled() { BOOL bResult = FALSE; //打开服务控制管理器 SC_HANDLE hSCM = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); if (hSCM != NULL) { //打开服务 SC_HANDLE hService = ::OpenService(hSCM, szServiceName, SERVICE_QUERY_CONFIG); if (hService != NULL) { bResult = TRUE; ::CloseServiceHandle(hService); } ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM); } return bResult; } //********************************************************* //Functiopn: Install //Description: 安装服务函数 //Calls: //Called By: //Table Accessed: //Table Updated: //Input: //Output: //Return: //Others: //History: // <author>niying <time>2006-8-10 <version> <desc> //********************************************************* BOOL Install() { if (IsInstalled()) return TRUE; //打开服务控制管理器 SC_HANDLE hSCM = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); if (hSCM == NULL) { MessageBox(NULL, _T("Couldn't open service manager"), szServiceName, MB_OK); return FALSE; } // Get the executable file path TCHAR szFilePath[MAX_PATH]; ::GetModuleFileName(NULL, szFilePath, MAX_PATH); //创建服务 SC_HANDLE hService = ::CreateService( hSCM, szServiceName, szServiceName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, SERVICE_DEMAND_START, SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, szFilePath, NULL, NULL, _T(""), NULL, NULL); if (hService == NULL) { ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM); MessageBox(NULL, _T("Couldn't create service"), szServiceName, MB_OK); return FALSE; } ::CloseServiceHandle(hService); ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM); return TRUE; } //********************************************************* //Functiopn: Uninstall //Description: 删除服务函数 //Calls: //Called By: //Table Accessed: //Table Updated: //Input: //Output: //Return: //Others: //History: // <author>niying <time>2006-8-10 <version> <desc> //********************************************************* BOOL Uninstall() { if (!IsInstalled()) return TRUE; SC_HANDLE hSCM = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); if (hSCM == NULL) { MessageBox(NULL, _T("Couldn't open service manager"), szServiceName, MB_OK); return FALSE; } SC_HANDLE hService = ::OpenService(hSCM, szServiceName, SERVICE_STOP | DELETE); if (hService == NULL) { ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM); MessageBox(NULL, _T("Couldn't open service"), szServiceName, MB_OK); return FALSE; } SERVICE_STATUS status; ::ControlService(hService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &status); //删除服务 BOOL bDelete = ::DeleteService(hService); ::CloseServiceHandle(hService); ::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM); if (bDelete) return TRUE; LogEvent(_T("Service could not be deleted")); return FALSE; } //********************************************************* //Functiopn: LogEvent //Description: 记录服务事件 //Calls: //Called By: //Table Accessed: //Table Updated: //Input: //Output: //Return: //Others: //History: // <author>niying <time>2006-8-10 <version> <desc> //********************************************************* void LogEvent(LPCTSTR pFormat, ...) { TCHAR chMsg[256]; HANDLE hEventSource; LPTSTR lpszStrings[1]; va_list pArg; va_start(pArg, pFormat); _vstprintf(chMsg, pFormat, pArg); va_end(pArg); lpszStrings[0] = chMsg; hEventSource = RegisterEventSource(NULL, szServiceName); if (hEventSource != NULL) { ReportEvent(hEventSource, EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE, 0, 0, NULL, 1, 0, (LPCTSTR*) &lpszStrings[0], NULL); DeregisterEventSource(hEventSource); } }

 

下面大概说一下服务的工作方法(针对这个工程):

首先,将参数"/install"或"/uninstall"传进WinMain里分别安装以及卸装服务.如果不带参数运行,就认为是服务控制管理启动该服务程序.

接着,安装主要做两件事:打开服务控制管理器(OpenSCManager)和创建服务(CreateService).

卸装和安装类似:打开服务控制管理器(OpenSCManager),关掉服务(ControlService(.., SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, ..;)和删除服务(DeleteService).

假设已经安装好了,那么打开"服务管理",启动这个服务:

 

也可以用命令sc来做这事:

 

 

这时,由于ServiceMain里有这个句,

#ifdef _DEBUG
    DebugBreak();
#endif

那么,系统就会弹出这样的对话框:

 

选择取消,再使用.net2003或者以上的开发工具调试它.

 

下面是另一个例子:服务是守护进程,当子进程死掉后,就启动一个新的子进程.

文件wservice.cpp

#define _WIN32_DCOM #include <windows.h> #include <winsvc.h> #include <objbase.h> #include <Wbemidl.h> #include <comdef.h> #include <comutil.h> #include <Iads.h> #include <Adshlp.h> #include <activeds.h> #include <wchar.h> #include <TCHAR.h> #pragma comment(lib,"wbemuuid.lib") #define SZSERVICENAME L"WService" #define SUBROUTINE_CMD _T("wservice.exe -subroutine") TCHAR *g_lpEventName = _T("WSERVICE"); //#define CHECK_DISTANCE (1000*10) static HANDLE g_sync_event; static IWbemLocator *pLoc = NULL; static IWbemServices *pSvc = NULL; static SERVICE_STATUS servicestatus; static SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE servicestatushandle; extern void Bluedon_Start(); static bool InitiateCom(void) { HRESULT hres = CoInitializeEx(0, COINIT_MULTITHREADED & (COINIT_APARTMENTTHREADED | COINIT_DISABLE_OLE1DDE) ); if (FAILED(hres)) return false; hres = CoInitializeSecurity(NULL,-1,NULL,NULL,RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_DEFAULT,RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,NULL,EOAC_NONE,NULL); if (FAILED(hres)) { CoUninitialize(); return false; } hres = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_WbemLocator,0,CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,IID_IWbemLocator,(LPVOID *)&pLoc); if (FAILED(hres)) { CoUninitialize(); return false; } hres = pLoc->ConnectServer(L"ROOT//CIMV2",NULL,NULL,0,NULL,0,0,&pSvc); if (FAILED(hres)) { pLoc->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return false; } hres = CoSetProxyBlanket(pSvc,RPC_C_AUTHN_WINNT,RPC_C_AUTHZ_NONE,NULL,RPC_C_AUTHN_LEVEL_CALL,RPC_C_IMP_LEVEL_IMPERSONATE,NULL,EOAC_NONE); if (FAILED(hres)) { pSvc->Release(); pLoc->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return false; } return true; } static bool ReleaseCom(void) { pSvc->Release(); pLoc->Release(); CoUninitialize(); return true; } static BOOL IsSubProcessRunning(IWbemServices *pSvc) { IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumerator = NULL; DWORD id = GetCurrentProcessId(); wchar_t wql[256]; swprintf(wql, L"select Name, ProcessID, Caption, CommandLine from Win32_Process where Name='wservice.exe' and ProcessID!=%d", id ); HRESULT hres = pSvc->ExecQuery( L"WQL", wql, WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumerator ); if (FAILED(hres)) return FALSE; IWbemClassObject *pclsObj = NULL; ULONG uReturn = 0; if (pEnumerator==NULL) { return FALSE; } hres = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE,1,&pclsObj,&uReturn); if (FAILED(hres) || uReturn == 0 || pclsObj == NULL) return FALSE; pclsObj->Release(); pEnumerator->Release(); return TRUE; } static DWORD GetSubProcessID(IWbemServices *pSvc) { IEnumWbemClassObject *pEnumerator = NULL; VARIANT vtProp; HRESULT hres; DWORD id = GetCurrentProcessId(); wchar_t wql[256]; swprintf(wql, L"select Name, ProcessID, Caption, CommandLine from Win32_Process where Name='wservice.exe' and ProcessID!=%d", id ); hres = pSvc->ExecQuery( L"WQL", wql, WBEM_FLAG_FORWARD_ONLY | WBEM_FLAG_RETURN_IMMEDIATELY,NULL, &pEnumerator ); if (FAILED(hres)) return 0; IWbemClassObject *pclsObj = NULL; ULONG uReturn = 0; if (pEnumerator==NULL) { return 0; } hres = pEnumerator->Next(WBEM_INFINITE,1,&pclsObj,&uReturn); if (FAILED(hres) || uReturn == 0 || pclsObj == NULL) return 0; if (pclsObj != NULL) { VariantInit(&vtProp); hres = pclsObj->Get(L"ProcessID", 0, &vtProp, 0, 0); pclsObj->Release(); } pEnumerator->Release(); return vtProp.intVal; } static void InstallService(const WCHAR *szServiceName) { SC_HANDLE handle = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); WCHAR szFilename[256] = L"/""; ::GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, szFilename + 1, 254); szFilename[wcslen(szFilename)] = L'/"'; SC_HANDLE hService = ::CreateServiceW(handle,szServiceName, szServiceName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, SERVICE_AUTO_START, SERVICE_ERROR_IGNORE, szFilename, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); ::CloseServiceHandle(hService); ::CloseServiceHandle(handle); } static void DeleteService(const WCHAR *szServiceName) { SC_HANDLE hService = NULL; SC_HANDLE handle = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); hService = ::OpenServiceW(handle,szServiceName,SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS); if ( hService ) { DeleteService(hService); ::CloseServiceHandle(hService); } ::CloseServiceHandle(handle); } static void StopService(const WCHAR *szServiceName) { SC_HANDLE hService = NULL; SC_HANDLE handle = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); hService = ::OpenServiceW(handle,szServiceName,SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS); if ( hService ) { SERVICE_STATUS m_ssStatus; ::ControlService(hService,SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP,&m_ssStatus); ::CloseServiceHandle(hService); } ::CloseServiceHandle(handle); } static void StartupService(const WCHAR *szServiceName) { SC_HANDLE hService = NULL; SC_HANDLE handle = ::OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS); hService = ::OpenServiceW(handle,szServiceName,SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS); if ( hService ) { ::StartService(hService,0,NULL); ::CloseServiceHandle(hService); } ::CloseServiceHandle(handle); } void WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler(DWORD dwControl) { #ifdef _DEBUG DebugBreak(); #endif switch (dwControl) { case SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE: servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSE_PENDING; ::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus); servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_PAUSED; break; case SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE: servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_CONTINUE_PENDING; ::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus); servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING; break; case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP: servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING; ::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus); //TODO:tell sub process to exit SetEvent(g_sync_event); CloseHandle(g_sync_event); ReleaseCom(); servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED; break; case SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN: break; case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE: servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING; break; } ::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus); } void LogEvent(LPCTSTR pFormat) { TCHAR chMsg[256] = {0}; HANDLE hEventSource; LPTSTR lpszStrings[1]; va_list pArg; va_start(pArg, pFormat); // _vstprintf_s(chMsg, pFormat, pArg); va_end(pArg); lpszStrings[0] = chMsg; hEventSource = RegisterEventSource(NULL,SZSERVICENAME); if (hEventSource != NULL) { ReportEvent(hEventSource, EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE, 0, 0, NULL, 1, 0, (LPCTSTR*) &lpszStrings[0], NULL); DeregisterEventSource(hEventSource); } } void WINAPI ServiceMain(DWORD argc, LPTSTR * argv) { #ifdef _DEBUG DebugBreak(); #endif if (!InitiateCom()) { ExitProcess(0); } servicestatushandle =::RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(SZSERVICENAME, ServiceCtrlHandler); if (servicestatushandle == (SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE)0) { ExitProcess(0); } servicestatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32; servicestatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING; servicestatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP; servicestatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0; servicestatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0; servicestatus.dwCheckPoint = 0; servicestatus.dwWaitHint = 0; ::SetServiceStatus(servicestatushandle, &servicestatus); g_sync_event = CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, FALSE, g_lpEventName); for (;;) { if (!IsSubProcessRunning(pSvc)) { TCHAR cmd[256] = SUBROUTINE_CMD; STARTUPINFO si; PROCESS_INFORMATION pi; memset(&si, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO)); si.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO); CreateProcess(NULL,cmd,NULL,NULL,FALSE,0,NULL,NULL,&si,&pi); } Sleep(1000*10); } return; } int main(int argc, char*argv[]) { #ifdef _DEBUG DebugBreak(); #endif if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-subroutine")==0)) { Bluedon_Start(); return 0; } if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-install")==0)) { InstallService(SZSERVICENAME); return 0; } if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-delete")==0)) { DeleteService(SZSERVICENAME); return 0; } if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-startup")==0)) { StartupService(SZSERVICENAME); return 0; } if ((argc==2) && (::strcmp((const char *)argv[1],"-stop")==0)) { StopService(SZSERVICENAME); return 0; } SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY service_table_entry[] = { { SZSERVICENAME, ServiceMain }, { NULL, NULL } }; ::StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(service_table_entry); return 0; }

 

 

文件subprocess.cpp

#define _WIN32_DCOM #include <windows.h> #include <winsvc.h> #include <objbase.h> #include <Wbemidl.h> #include <comdef.h> #include <comutil.h> #include <Iads.h> #include <Adshlp.h> #include <activeds.h> #include <TCHAR.h> extern TCHAR *g_lpEventName; static HANDLE g_sync_event; void Bluedon_End() { ///TODO:exit process ExitProcess(0); } /*同步退出线程*/ DWORD WINAPI SyncExitThread(LPVOID lpThreadParameter) { g_sync_event = OpenEvent(EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, TRUE, g_lpEventName); if(!g_sync_event) { return 1; } while (1) { if( WaitForSingleObject(g_sync_event,1000*1000) == WAIT_OBJECT_0 ) { Bluedon_End(); } } return 0; } void Bluedon_Start() { DWORD m_dwThreadId; CreateThread(NULL,0,SyncExitThread,0,0,&m_dwThreadId); while(1) { Sleep(1000); } }