C++标准库STL中的sort、introsort与final_insertion

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/xiexingshishu/article/details/8775838

本文详细解释了C++标准库STL中用于排序操作的关键算法，包括使用递归的introsort、堆排序以及插入排序的优化版本。介绍了这些算法的工作原理、实现细节以及性能考量。

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sort用的是introsort和插入排序：

template <class _RandomAccessIter>
inline void sort(_RandomAccessIter __first, _RandomAccessIter __last) {
  __STL_REQUIRES(_RandomAccessIter, _Mutable_RandomAccessIterator);
  __STL_REQUIRES(typename iterator_traits<_RandomAccessIter>::value_type,
                 _LessThanComparable);
  if (__first != __last) {
    __introsort_loop(__first, __last,
                     __VALUE_TYPE(__first),
                     __lg(__last - __first) * 2);
    __final_insertion_sort(__first, __last);
  }
}

introsort用的是递归，深度为0时，用的是堆排序：

template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _Tp, class _Size>
void __introsort_loop(_RandomAccessIter __first,
                      _RandomAccessIter __last, _Tp*,
                      _Size __depth_limit)
{
  while (__last - __first > __stl_threshold) {
    if (__depth_limit == 0) {
      partial_sort(__first, __last, __last);
      return;
    }
    --__depth_limit;
    _RandomAccessIter __cut =
      __unguarded_partition(__first, __last,
                            _Tp(__median(*__first,
                                         *(__first + (__last - __first)/2),
                                         *(__last - 1))));
    __introsort_loop(__cut, __last, (_Tp*) 0, __depth_limit);
    __last = __cut;
  }
}

插入排序用的是，其中也有阀值：

template <class _RandomAccessIter>
void __final_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIter __first, 
                            _RandomAccessIter __last) {
  if (__last - __first > __stl_threshold) {
    __insertion_sort(__first, __first + __stl_threshold);
    __unguarded_insertion_sort(__first + __stl_threshold, __last);
  }
  else
    __insertion_sort(__first, __last);
}

__insertion_sort：

template <class _RandomAccessIter>
void __insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIter __first, _RandomAccessIter __last) {
  if (__first == __last) return; 
  for (_RandomAccessIter __i = __first + 1; __i != __last; ++__i)
    __linear_insert(__first, __i, __VALUE_TYPE(__first));
}

template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _Tp>
inline void __linear_insert(_RandomAccessIter __first, 
                            _RandomAccessIter __last, _Tp*) {
  _Tp __val = *__last;
  if (__val < *__first) {
    copy_backward(__first, __last, __last + 1);
    *__first = __val;
  }
  else
    __unguarded_linear_insert(__last, __val);
}

template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _Tp>
void __unguarded_linear_insert(_RandomAccessIter __last, _Tp __val) {
  _RandomAccessIter __next = __last;
  --__next;
  while (__val < *__next) {
    *__last = *__next;
    __last = __next;
    --__next;
  }
  *__last = __val;
}

template <class _RandomAccessIter>
inline void __unguarded_insertion_sort(_RandomAccessIter __first, 
                                _RandomAccessIter __last) {
  __unguarded_insertion_sort_aux(__first, __last, __VALUE_TYPE(__first));
}

template <class _RandomAccessIter, class _Tp>
void __unguarded_insertion_sort_aux(_RandomAccessIter __first, 
                                    _RandomAccessIter __last, _Tp*) {
  for (_RandomAccessIter __i = __first; __i != __last; ++__i)
    __unguarded_linear_insert(__i, _Tp(*__i));
}