01 Django开发环境搭建

环境搭建

• python
  • 版本3.12.6
• node.js
  • 版本22.12
• MySQL
  • 版本8.4
• Django
• pycharm 开发工具

注：python的版本与node.js版本以及MySQL数据库版本有对应关系

项目搭建

01 创建项目

选择新建Django项目

新建项目目录如下

02 设置文件配置

settings.py文件添加如下配置

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-m@fhg^uiihjre^!h8rm1^nnnf7rik9s=2qk$90(8nnnp6^=6z^'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'corsheaders'  # 添加此行

]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',  # 放在最顶部
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'heheProject.urls'

# 允许前端域名访问（开发环境）
CORS_ALLOWED_ORIGINS = [
    "http://localhost:3000",  # React前端地址
]

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'templates']
        ,
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'heheProject.wsgi.application'


DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'hehe-user-service',  # 数据库名称
        'USER': 'admin',  # 数据库用户名
        'PASSWORD': 'admin',  # 数据库密码
        'HOST': 'localhost',
        'PORT': '3306',
    }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = 'static/'

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

INSTALLED_APPS += ['rest_framework']

# DRF全局配置（可选）
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
    'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}

03 添加环境依赖

依赖文件 requirements.txt

asgiref==3.10.0
Django==5.2.8
django-cors-headers==4.9.0
djangorestframework==3.16.1
PyMySQL==1.1.2
sqlparse==0.5.3
tzdata==2025.2

04 连接数据库（mysql）

在 __init__文件输入

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

连接数据库

05 创建app

操作步骤如图，执行成功生成myapp目录