MySQL与Redis缓存的同步的方案

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转载最新推荐文章于 2026-03-08 13:16:26 发布 3k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

从零开始：用7353张VOC/YOLO格式混凝土缺陷数据集训练你的第一个检测模型本文详细介绍了如何使用7353张VOC/YOLO格式的混凝土缺陷数据集训练首个目标检测模型。从环境配置、数据解析到YOLOv5模型训练与优化，提供了完整的实战指南，特别针对数据不平衡问题给出了解决方案，助力开发者快速掌握混凝土缺陷识别技术。阅读详情

本文介绍MySQL与Redis缓存的同步的两种方案

方案1：通过MySQL自动同步刷新Redis，MySQL触发器+UDF函数实现
方案2：解析MySQL的binlog实现，将数据库中的数据同步到Redis
方案3: 业务代码同时写入mysql 和 redis

一、方案1（UDF）

场景分析：当我们对MySQL数据库进行数据操作时，同时将相应的数据同步到Redis中，同步到Redis之后，查询的操作就从Redis中查找

过程大致如下：

在MySQL中对要操作的数据设置触发器Trigger，监听操作

客户端（NodeServer）向MySQL中写入数据时，触发器会被触发，触发之后调用MySQL的UDF函数

UDF函数可以把数据写入到Redis中，从而达到同步的效果

方案分析：

这种方案适合于读多写少，并且不存并发写的场景
因为MySQL触发器本身就会造成效率的降低，如果一个表经常被操作，这种方案显示是不合适的

演示案例

下面是MySQL的表

下面是UDF的解析代码

定义对应的触发器

二、方案2（解析binlog）

在介绍方案2之前我们先来介绍一下MySQL复制的原理，如下图所示：

主服务器操作数据，并将数据写入Bin log
从服务器调用I/O线程读取主服务器的Bin log，并且写入到自己的Relay log中，再调用SQL线程从Relay log中解析数据，从而同步到自己的数据库中

方案2就是：

上面MySQL的整个复制流程可以总结为一句话，那就是：从服务器读取主服务器Bin log中的数据，从而同步到自己的数据库中
我们方案2也是如此，就是在概念上把主服务器改为MySQL，把从服务器改为Redis而已（如下图所示），当MySQL中有数据写入时，我们就解析MySQL的Bin log，然后将解析出来的数据写入到Redis中，从而达到同步的效果

例如下面是一个云数据库实例分析：

云数据库与本地数据库是主从关系。云数据库作为主数据库主要提供写，本地数据库作为从数据库从主数据库中读取数据

本地数据库读取到数据之后，解析Bin log，然后将数据写入写入同步到Redis中，然后客户端从Redis读数据

这个技术方案的难点就在于：如何解析MySQL的Bin Log。但是这需要对binlog文件以及MySQL有非常深入的理解，同时由于binlog存在Statement/Row/Mixedlevel多种形式，分析binlog实现同步的工作量是非常大的

Canal开源技术

canal是阿里巴巴旗下的一款开源项目，纯Java开发。基于数据库增量日志解析，提供增量数据订阅&消费，目前主要支持了MySQL（也支持mariaDB）

开源参考地址有：https://github.com/liukelin/canal_mysql_nosql_sync

工作原理（模仿MySQL复制）：

canal模拟mysql slave的交互协议，伪装自己为mysql slave，向mysql master发送dump协议
mysql master收到dump请求，开始推送binary log给slave（也就是canal）
canal解析binary log对象（原始为byte流）

架构：

server代表一个canal运行实例，对应于一个jvm

instance对应于一个数据队列（1个server对应1..n个instance)

instance模块：

eventParser (数据源接入，模拟slave协议和master进行交互，协议解析)
eventSink (Parser和Store链接器，进行数据过滤，加工，分发的工作)
eventStore (数据存储)
metaManager (增量订阅&消费信息管理器)

大致的解析过程如下：

parse解析MySQL的Bin log，然后将数据放入到sink中
sink对数据进行过滤，加工，分发
store从sink中读取解析好的数据存储起来
然后自己用设计代码将store中的数据同步写入Redis中就可以了
其中parse/sink是框架封装好的，我们做的是store的数据读取那一步

更多关于Cancl可以百度搜索

下面是运行拓扑图

MySQL表的同步，采用责任链模式，每张表对应一个Filter。例如zvsync中要用到的类设计如下：

下面是具体化的zvsync中要用到的类，每当新增或者删除表时，直接进行增删就可以了

三、附加

本文上面所介绍的都是从MySQL中同步到缓存中。但是在实际开发中可能有人会用下面的方案：

客户端有数据来了之后，先将其保存到Redis中，然后再同步到MySQL中
这种方案本身也是不安全/不可靠的，因此如果Redis存在短暂的宕机或失效，那么会丢失数据

标签

#mysql #redis #缓存

原文链接：https://mp.youkuaiyun.com/mp_blog/creation/editor>

深度学习工具包 DeepLearningToolbox 深度学习工具包Deprecation notice.-----This toolbox is outdated and no longer maintained.There are much better tools available for deep learning than this toolbox, e.g. [Theano](http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/), [torch](http://torch.ch/) or [tensorflow](http://www.tensorflow.org/)I would suggest you use one of the tools mentioned above rather than use this toolbox.Best, Rasmus.DeepLearnToolbox================A Matlab toolbox for Deep Learning.Deep Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning deep hierarchical models of data.It is inspired by the human brain's apparent deep (layered, hierarchical) architecture.A good overview of the theory of Deep Learning theory is[Learning Deep Architectures for AI](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~bengioy/papers/ftml_book.pdf)For a more informal introduction, see the following videos by Geoffrey Hinton and Andrew Ng.* [The Next Generation of Neural Networks](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M) (Hinton, 2007)* [Recent Developments in Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdIURAu1-aU) (Hinton, 2010)* [Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmNOAtZIgIk) (Ng, 2011)If you use this toolbox in your research please cite [Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data](http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6284)```@MASTERSTHESIS\{IMM2012-06284, author = "R. B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012",}```Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot comDirectories included in the toolbox-----------------------------------`NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks`CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks`DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks`SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders`CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders`util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries`data/` - Data used by the examples`tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is workingFor references on each library check REFS.mdSetup-----1. Download.2. addpath(genpath('DeepLearnToolbox'));Example: Deep Belief Network---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_DBNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit RBM and visualize its weightsrand('state',0)dbn.sizes = [100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);figure; visualize(dbn.rbm{1}.W'); % Visualize the RBM weights%% ex2 train a 100-100 hidden unit DBN and use its weights to initialize a NNrand('state',0)%train dbndbn.sizes = [100 100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);%unfold dbn to nnnn = dbnunfoldtonn(dbn, 10);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';%train nnopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.10, 'Too big error');```Example: Stacked Auto-Encoders---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_SAEload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x)/255;test_x = double(test_x)/255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit SDAE and use it to initialize a FFNN% Setup and train a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE)rand('state',0)sae = saesetup([784 100]);sae.ae{1}.activation_function = 'sigm';sae.ae{1}.learningRate = 1;sae.ae{1}.inputZeroMaskedFraction = 0.5;opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;sae = saetrain(sae, train_x, opts);visualize(sae.ae{1}.W{1}(:,2:end)')% Use the SDAE to initialize a FFNNnn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';nn.learningRate = 1;nn.W{1} = sae.ae{1}.W{1};% Train the FFNNopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.16, 'Too big error');```Example: Convolutional Neural Nets---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_CNNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255;test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255;train_y = double(train_y');test_y = double(test_y');%% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network %will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. %With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% errorrand('state',0)cnn.layers = { struct('type', 'i') %input layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer};cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y);opts.alpha = 1;opts.batchsize = 50;opts.numepochs = 1;cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y);%plot mean squared errorfigure; plot(cnn.rL);assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error');```Example: Neural Networks---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_NNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);% normalize[train_x, mu, sigma] = zscore(train_x);test_x = normalize(test_x, mu, sigma);%% ex1 vanilla neural netrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples[nn, L] = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.08, 'Too big error');%% ex2 neural net with L2 weight decayrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.weightPenaltyL2 = 1e-4; % L2 weight decayopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex3 neural net with dropoutrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.dropoutFraction = 0.5; % Dropout fraction opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex4 neural net with sigmoid activation functionrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; % Sigmoid activation functionnn.learningRate = 1; % Sigm require a lower learning rateopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex5 plotting functionalityrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]);opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through datann.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex6 neural net with sigmoid activation and plotting of validation and training error% split training data into training and validation datavx = train_x(1:10000,:);tx = train_x(10001:end,:);vy = train_y(1:10000,:);ty = train_y(10001:end,:);rand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge") 立即下载

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