最简单的基于FFmpeg的libswscale的示例

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本文提供了一个基于FFmpeg的libswscale库的简单示例,展示了如何进行图像像素格式转换和大小缩放。通过libswscale的sws_getContext()、sws_scale()和sws_freeContext()等函数,实现高效图像处理。同时,介绍了像素格式、图像拉伸方法(如SWS_BICUBIC、SWS_BILINEAR和SWS_POINT)以及YUV像素取值范围和色域的相关知识。

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本文记录一个基于FFmpeg的libswscale的示例。Libswscale里面实现了各种图像像素格式的转换,以及图像大小缩放功能。而且libswscale还做了相应指令集的优化,因此它的转换效率比自己写的C语言的转换效率高很多。

流程

简单的初始化方法

Libswscale使用起来很方便,最主要的函数只有3个:

(1)       sws_getContext():使用参数初始化SwsContext结构体。

(2)       sws_scale():转换一帧图像。

(3)       sws_freeContext():释放SwsContext结构体。

其中sws_getContext()也可以用另一个接口函数sws_getCachedContext()取代。

复杂但是更灵活的初始化方法

初始化SwsContext除了调用sws_getContext()之外还有另一种方法,更加灵活,可以配置更多的参数。该方法调用的函数如下所示。

(1)       sws_alloc_context():为SwsContext结构体分配内存。

(2)       av_opt_set_XXX():通过av_opt_set_int(),av_opt_set()…等等一系列方法设置SwsContext结构体的值。在这里需要注意,SwsContext结构体的定义看不到,所以不能对其中的成员变量直接进行赋值,必须通过av_opt_set()这类的API才能对其进行赋值。

(3)       sws_init_context():初始化SwsContext结构体。

这种复杂的方法可以配置一些sws_getContext()配置不了的参数。比如说设置图像的YUV像素的取值范围是JPEG标准(Y、U、V取值范围都是0-255)还是MPEG标准(Y取值范围是16-235,U、V的取值范围是16-240)。

几个知识点

像素格式

像素格式的知识此前已经记录过,不再重复。在这里记录一下FFmpeg支持的像素格式。有几点注意事项:

(1)       所有的像素格式的名称都是以“AV_PIX_FMT_”开头

(2)       像素格式名称后面有“P”的,代表是planar格式,否则就是packed格式。Planar格式不同的分量分别存储在不同的数组中,例如AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P存储方式如下:

data[0]: Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8……

data[1]: U1, U2, U3, U4……

data[2]: V1, V2, V3, V4……

Packed格式的数据都存储在同一个数组中,例如AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24存储方式如下:

data[0]: R1, G1, B1, R2, G2, B2, R3, G3, B3, R4, G4, B4……

(3)       像素格式名称后面有“BE”的,代表是Big Endian格式;名称后面有“LE”的,代表是Little Endian格式。

FFmpeg支持的像素格式的定义位于libavutil\pixfmt.h,是一个名称为AVPixelFormat的枚举类型,如下所示。

/**
 * Pixel format.
 *
 * @note
 * AV_PIX_FMT_RGB32 is handled in an endian-specific manner. An RGBA
 * color is put together as:
 *  (A << 24) | (R << 16) | (G << 8) | B
 * This is stored as BGRA on little-endian CPU architectures and ARGB on
 * big-endian CPUs.
 *
 * @par
 * When the pixel format is palettized RGB (AV_PIX_FMT_PAL8), the palettized
 * image data is stored in AVFrame.data[0]. The palette is transported in
 * AVFrame.data[1], is 1024 bytes long (256 4-byte entries) and is
 * formatted the same as in AV_PIX_FMT_RGB32 described above (i.e., it is
 * also endian-specific). Note also that the individual RGB palette
 * components stored in AVFrame.data[1] should be in the range 0..255.
 * This is important as many custom PAL8 video codecs that were designed
 * to run on the IBM VGA graphics adapter use 6-bit palette components.
 *
 * @par
 * For all the 8bit per pixel formats, an RGB32 palette is in data[1] like
 * for pal8. This palette is filled in automatically by the function
 * allocating the picture.
 *
 * @note
 * Make sure that all newly added big-endian formats have (pix_fmt & 1) == 1
 * and that all newly added little-endian formats have (pix_fmt & 1) == 0.
 * This allows simpler detection of big vs little-endian.
 */
enum AVPixelFormat {
  AV_PIX_FMT_NONE = -1,
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,   ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422,   ///< packed YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, Y0 Cb Y1 Cr
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24,	 ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, RGBRGB...
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,	 ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 24bpp, BGRBGR...
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P,   ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P,   ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV410P,   ///< planar YUV 4:1:0,  9bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x4 Y samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV411P,   ///< planar YUV 4:1:1, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x1 Y samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8,	 ///<		Y		,  8bpp
  AV_PIX_FMT_MONOWHITE, ///<		Y		,  1bpp, 0 is white, 1 is black, in each byte pixels are ordered from the msb to the lsb
  AV_PIX_FMT_MONOBLACK, ///<		Y		,  1bpp, 0 is black, 1 is white, in each byte pixels are ordered from the msb to the lsb
  AV_PIX_FMT_PAL8,	  ///< 8 bit with PIX_FMT_RGB32 palette
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV420P and setting color_range
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ422P,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV422P and setting color_range
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ444P,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 24bpp, full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV444P and setting color_range
#if FF_API_XVMC
  AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_MC,///< XVideo Motion Acceleration via common packet passing
  AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_IDCT,
#define AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC_MPEG2_IDCT
#endif /* FF_API_XVMC */
  AV_PIX_FMT_UYVY422,   ///< packed YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, Cb Y0 Cr Y1
  AV_PIX_FMT_UYYVYY411, ///< packed YUV 4:1:1, 12bpp, Cb Y0 Y1 Cr Y2 Y3
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR8,	  ///< packed RGB 3:3:2,  8bpp, (msb)2B 3G 3R(lsb)
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR4,	  ///< packed RGB 1:2:1 bitstream,  4bpp, (msb)1B 2G 1R(lsb), a byte contains two pixels, the first pixel in the byte is the one composed by the 4 msb bits
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR4_BYTE, ///< packed RGB 1:2:1,  8bpp, (msb)1B 2G 1R(lsb)
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB8,	  ///< packed RGB 3:3:2,  8bpp, (msb)2R 3G 3B(lsb)
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB4,	  ///< packed RGB 1:2:1 bitstream,  4bpp, (msb)1R 2G 1B(lsb), a byte contains two pixels, the first pixel in the byte is the one composed by the 4 msb bits
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB4_BYTE, ///< packed RGB 1:2:1,  8bpp, (msb)1R 2G 1B(lsb)
  AV_PIX_FMT_NV12,	  ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 12bpp, 1 plane for Y and 1 plane for the UV components, which are interleaved (first byte U and the following byte V)
  AV_PIX_FMT_NV21,	  ///< as above, but U and V bytes are swapped
  AV_PIX_FMT_ARGB,	  ///< packed ARGB 8:8:8:8, 32bpp, ARGBARGB...
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA,	  ///< packed RGBA 8:8:8:8, 32bpp, RGBARGBA...
  AV_PIX_FMT_ABGR,	  ///< packed ABGR 8:8:8:8, 32bpp, ABGRABGR...
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA,	  ///< packed BGRA 8:8:8:8, 32bpp, BGRABGRA...
  AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY16BE,  ///<		Y		, 16bpp, big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY16LE,  ///<		Y		, 16bpp, little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV440P,   ///< planar YUV 4:4:0 (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x2 Y samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ440P,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:0 full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV440P and setting color_range
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 20bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y & A samples)
#if FF_API_VDPAU
  AV_PIX_FMT_VDPAU_H264,///< H.264 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
  AV_PIX_FMT_VDPAU_MPEG1,///< MPEG-1 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
  AV_PIX_FMT_VDPAU_MPEG2,///< MPEG-2 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
  AV_PIX_FMT_VDPAU_WMV3,///< WMV3 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
  AV_PIX_FMT_VDPAU_VC1, ///< VC-1 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
#endif
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB48BE,   ///< packed RGB 16:16:16, 48bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B component is stored as big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB48LE,   ///< packed RGB 16:16:16, 48bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B component is stored as little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB565BE,  ///< packed RGB 5:6:5, 16bpp, (msb)   5R 6G 5B(lsb), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB565LE,  ///< packed RGB 5:6:5, 16bpp, (msb)   5R 6G 5B(lsb), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB555BE,  ///< packed RGB 5:5:5, 16bpp, (msb)1A 5R 5G 5B(lsb), big-endian, most significant bit to 0
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB555LE,  ///< packed RGB 5:5:5, 16bpp, (msb)1A 5R 5G 5B(lsb), little-endian, most significant bit to 0
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR565BE,  ///< packed BGR 5:6:5, 16bpp, (msb)   5B 6G 5R(lsb), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR565LE,  ///< packed BGR 5:6:5, 16bpp, (msb)   5B 6G 5R(lsb), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR555BE,  ///< packed BGR 5:5:5, 16bpp, (msb)1A 5B 5G 5R(lsb), big-endian, most significant bit to 1
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR555LE,  ///< packed BGR 5:5:5, 16bpp, (msb)1A 5B 5G 5R(lsb), little-endian, most significant bit to 1
  AV_PIX_FMT_VAAPI_MOCO, ///< HW acceleration through VA API at motion compensation entry-point, Picture.data[3] contains a vaapi_render_state struct which contains macroblocks as well as various fields extracted from headers
  AV_PIX_FMT_VAAPI_IDCT, ///< HW acceleration through VA API at IDCT entry-point, Picture.data[3] contains a vaapi_render_state struct which contains fields extracted from headers
  AV_PIX_FMT_VAAPI_VLD,  ///< HW decoding through VA API, Picture.data[3] contains a vaapi_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P16LE,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P16BE,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P16LE,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 32bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P16BE,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 32bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P16LE,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 48bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P16BE,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 48bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), big-endian
#if FF_API_VDPAU
  AV_PIX_FMT_VDPAU_MPEG4,  ///< MPEG4 HW decoding with VDPAU, data[0] contains a vdpau_render_state struct which contains the bitstream of the slices as well as various fields extracted from headers
#endif
  AV_PIX_FMT_DXVA2_VLD,	///< HW decoding through DXVA2, Picture.data[3] contains a LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 pointer
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB444LE,  ///< packed RGB 4:4:4, 16bpp, (msb)4A 4R 4G 4B(lsb), little-endian, most significant bits to 0
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB444BE,  ///< packed RGB 4:4:4, 16bpp, (msb)4A 4R 4G 4B(lsb), big-endian, most significant bits to 0
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR444LE,  ///< packed BGR 4:4:4, 16bpp, (msb)4A 4B 4G 4R(lsb), little-endian, most significant bits to 1
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR444BE,  ///< packed BGR 4:4:4, 16bpp, (msb)4A 4B 4G 4R(lsb), big-endian, most significant bits to 1
  AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8A,	///< 8bit gray, 8bit alpha
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR48BE,   ///< packed RGB 16:16:16, 48bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B component is stored as big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR48LE,   ///< packed RGB 16:16:16, 48bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B component is stored as little-endian
  /**
   * The following 12 formats have the disadvantage of needing 1 format for each bit depth.
   * Notice that each 9/10 bits sample is stored in 16 bits with extra padding.
   * If you want to support multiple bit depths, then using AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P16* with the bpp stored separately is better.
   */
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P9BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 13.5bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P9LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 13.5bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P10BE,///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 15bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P10LE,///< planar YUV 4:2:0, 15bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P10BE,///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 20bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P10LE,///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 20bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P9BE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 27bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P9LE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 27bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P10BE,///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 30bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P10LE,///< planar YUV 4:4:4, 30bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P9BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 18bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P9LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2, 18bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_VDA_VLD,	///< hardware decoding through VDA
#ifdef AV_PIX_FMT_ABI_GIT_MASTER
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA64BE,  ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA64LE,  ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA64BE,  ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA64LE,  ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as little-endian
#endif
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP,	  ///< planar GBR 4:4:4 24bpp
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP9BE,   ///< planar GBR 4:4:4 27bpp, big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP9LE,   ///< planar GBR 4:4:4 27bpp, little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP10BE,  ///< planar GBR 4:4:4 30bpp, big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP10LE,  ///< planar GBR 4:4:4 30bpp, little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP16BE,  ///< planar GBR 4:4:4 48bpp, big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP16LE,  ///< planar GBR 4:4:4 48bpp, little-endian
  /**
   * duplicated pixel formats for compatibility with libav.
   * FFmpeg supports these formats since May 8 2012 and Jan 28 2012 (commits f9ca1ac7 and 143a5c55)
   * Libav added them Oct 12 2012 with incompatible values (commit 6d5600e85)
   */
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P_LIBAV,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:2 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y & A samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P_LIBAV,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:4 32bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y & A samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P9BE,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:0 22.5bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y & A samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P9LE,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:0 22.5bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y & A samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P9BE,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:2 27bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y & A samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P9LE,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:2 27bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y & A samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P9BE,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:4 36bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y & A samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P9LE,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:4 36bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y & A samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P10BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0 25bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y & A samples, big-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P10LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0 25bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y & A samples, little-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P10BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2 30bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y & A samples, big-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P10LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2 30bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y & A samples, little-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P10BE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4 40bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y & A samples, big-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P10LE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4 40bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y & A samples, little-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P16BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0 40bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y & A samples, big-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA420P16LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0 40bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y & A samples, little-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P16BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2 48bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y & A samples, big-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P16LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2 48bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y & A samples, little-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P16BE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4 64bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y & A samples, big-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P16LE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4 64bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y & A samples, little-endian)
  AV_PIX_FMT_VDPAU,	 ///< HW acceleration through VDPAU, Picture.data[3] contains a VdpVideoSurface
  AV_PIX_FMT_XYZ12LE,	  ///< packed XYZ 4:4:4, 36 bpp, (msb) 12X, 12Y, 12Z (lsb), the 2-byte value for each X/Y/Z is stored as little-endian, the 4 lower bits are set to 0
  AV_PIX_FMT_XYZ12BE,	  ///< packed XYZ 4:4:4, 36 bpp, (msb) 12X, 12Y, 12Z (lsb), the 2-byte value for each X/Y/Z is stored as big-endian, the 4 lower bits are set to 0
  AV_PIX_FMT_NV16,		 ///< interleaved chroma YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_NV20LE,	   ///< interleaved chroma YUV 4:2:2, 20bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_NV20BE,	   ///< interleaved chroma YUV 4:2:2, 20bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), big-endian
  /**
   * duplicated pixel formats for compatibility with libav.
   * FFmpeg supports these formats since Sat Sep 24 06:01:45 2011 +0200 (commits 9569a3c9f41387a8c7d1ce97d8693520477a66c3)
   * also see Fri Nov 25 01:38:21 2011 +0100 92afb431621c79155fcb7171d26f137eb1bee028
   * Libav added them Sun Mar 16 23:05:47 2014 +0100 with incompatible values (commit 1481d24c3a0abf81e1d7a514547bd5305232be30)
   */
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA64BE_LIBAV,	 ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA64LE_LIBAV,	 ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA64BE_LIBAV,	 ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA64LE_LIBAV,	 ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YVYU422,   ///< packed YUV 4:2:2, 16bpp, Y0 Cr Y1 Cb
#ifndef AV_PIX_FMT_ABI_GIT_MASTER
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA64BE=0x123,  ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGBA64LE,  ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16R, 16G, 16B, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA64BE,  ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA64LE,  ///< packed RGBA 16:16:16:16, 64bpp, 16B, 16G, 16R, 16A, the 2-byte value for each R/G/B/A component is stored as little-endian
#endif
  AV_PIX_FMT_0RGB=0x123+4,	  ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 32bpp, 0RGB0RGB...
  AV_PIX_FMT_RGB0,	  ///< packed RGB 8:8:8, 32bpp, RGB0RGB0...
  AV_PIX_FMT_0BGR,	  ///< packed BGR 8:8:8, 32bpp, 0BGR0BGR...
  AV_PIX_FMT_BGR0,	  ///< packed BGR 8:8:8, 32bpp, BGR0BGR0...
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA444P,  ///< planar YUV 4:4:4 32bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y & A samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVA422P,  ///< planar YUV 4:2:2 24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y & A samples)
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P12BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0,18bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P12LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0,18bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P14BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0,21bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P14LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:0,21bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x2 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P12BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2,24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P12LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2,24bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P14BE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2,28bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P14LE, ///< planar YUV 4:2:2,28bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 2x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P12BE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4,36bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P12LE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4,36bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P14BE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4,42bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P14LE, ///< planar YUV 4:4:4,42bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 1x1 Y samples), little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP12BE,	///< planar GBR 4:4:4 36bpp, big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP12LE,	///< planar GBR 4:4:4 36bpp, little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP14BE,	///< planar GBR 4:4:4 42bpp, big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRP14LE,	///< planar GBR 4:4:4 42bpp, little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP,	   ///< planar GBRA 4:4:4:4 32bpp
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP16BE,   ///< planar GBRA 4:4:4:4 64bpp, big-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_GBRAP16LE,   ///< planar GBRA 4:4:4:4 64bpp, little-endian
  AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ411P,	///< planar YUV 4:1:1, 12bpp, (1 Cr & Cb sample per 4x1 Y samples) full scale (JPEG), deprecated in favor of PIX_FMT_YUV411P and setting color_range
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_BGGR8,	///< bayer, BGBG..(odd line), GRGR..(even line), 8-bit samples */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_RGGB8,	///< bayer, RGRG..(odd line), GBGB..(even line), 8-bit samples */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_GBRG8,	///< bayer, GBGB..(odd line), RGRG..(even line), 8-bit samples */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_GRBG8,	///< bayer, GRGR..(odd line), BGBG..(even line), 8-bit samples */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_BGGR16LE, ///< bayer, BGBG..(odd line), GRGR..(even line), 16-bit samples, little-endian */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_BGGR16BE, ///< bayer, BGBG..(odd line), GRGR..(even line), 16-bit samples, big-endian */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_RGGB16LE, ///< bayer, RGRG..(odd line), GBGB..(even line), 16-bit samples, little-endian */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_RGGB16BE, ///< bayer, RGRG..(odd line), GBGB..(even line), 16-bit samples, big-endian */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_GBRG16LE, ///< bayer, GBGB..(odd line), RGRG..(even line), 16-bit samples, little-endian */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_GBRG16BE, ///< bayer, GBGB..(odd line), RGRG..(even line), 16-bit samples, big-endian */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_GRBG16LE, ///< bayer, GRGR..(odd line), BGBG..(even line), 16-bit samples, little-endian */
  AV_PIX_FMT_BAYER_GRBG16BE, ///< bayer, GRGR..(odd line), BGBG..(even line), 16-bit samples, big-endian */
#if !FF_API_XVMC
  AV_PIX_FMT_XVMC,///< XVideo Motion Acceleration via common packet passing
#endif /* !FF_API_XVMC */
  AV_PIX_FMT_NB,		///< number of pixel formats, DO NOT USE THIS if you want to link with shared libav* because the number of formats might differ between versions
#if FF_API_PIX_FMT
#include "old_pix_fmts.h"
#endif
};

FFmpeg有一个专门用于描述像素格式的结构体AVPixFmtDescriptor。该结构体的定义位于libavutil\pixdesc.h,如下所示。

/**
 * Descriptor that unambiguously describes how the bits of a pixel are
 * stored in the up to 4 data planes of an image. It also stores the
 * subsampling factors and number of components.
 *
 * @note This is separate of the colorspace (RGB, YCbCr, YPbPr, JPEG-style YUV
 *       and all the YUV variants) AVPixFmtDescriptor just stores how values
 *       are stored not what these values represent.
 */
typedef struct AVPixFmtDescriptor{
    const char *name;
    uint8_t nb_components;      ///< The number of components each pixel has, (1-4)
 
    /**
     * Amount to shift the luma width right to find the chroma width.
     * For YV12 this is 1 for example.
     * chroma_width = -((-luma_width) >> log2_chroma_w)
     * The note above is needed to ensure rounding up.
     * This value only refers to the chroma components.
     */
    uint8_t log2_chroma_w;      ///< chroma_width = -((-luma_width )>>log2_chroma_w)
 
    /**
     * Amount to shift the luma height right to find the chroma height.
     * For YV12 this is 1 for example.
     * chroma_height= -((-luma_height) >> log2_chroma_h)
     * The note above is needed to ensure rounding up.
     * This value only refers to the chroma components.
     */
    uint8_t log2_chroma_h;
    uint8_t flags;
 
    /**
     * Parameters that describe how pixels are packed.
     * If the format has 2 or 4 components, then alpha is last.
     * If the format has 1 or 2 components, then luma is 0.
     * If the format has 3 or 4 components,
     * if the RGB flag is set then 0 is red, 1 is green and 2 is blue;
     * otherwise 0 is luma, 1 is chroma-U and 2 is chroma-V.
     */
    AVComponentDescriptor comp[4];
}AVPixFmtDescriptor;

关于AVPixFmtDescriptor这个结构体不再做过多解释。它的定义比较简单,看注释就可以理解。通过av_pix_fmt_desc_get()可以获得指定像素格式的AVPixFmtDescriptor结构体。

/**
 * @return a pixel format descriptor for provided pixel format or NULL if
 * this pixel format is unknown.
 */
const AVPixFmtDescriptor *av_pix_fmt_desc_get(enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt);

通过AVPixFmtDescriptor结构体可以获得不同像素格式的一些信息。例如下文中用到了av_get_bits_per_pixel(),通过该函数可以获得指定像素格式每个像素占用的比特数(Bit Per Pixel)。

/**
 * Return the number of bits per pixel used by the pixel format
 * described by pixdesc. Note that this is not the same as the number
 * of bits per sample.
 *
 * The returned number of bits refers to the number of bits actually
 * used for storing the pixel information, that is padding bits are
 * not counted.
 */
int av_get_bits_per_pixel(const AVPixFmtDescriptor *pixdesc);

其他的API在这里不做过多记录。

图像拉伸

FFmpeg支持多种像素拉伸的方式。这些方式的定义位于libswscale\swscale.h中,如下所示。

#define SWS_FAST_BILINEAR     1
#define SWS_BILINEAR          2
#define SWS_BICUBIC           4
#define SWS_X                 8
#define SWS_POINT          0x10
#define SWS_AREA           0x20
#define SWS_BICUBLIN       0x40
#define SWS_GAUSS          0x80
#define SWS_SINC          0x100
#define SWS_LANCZOS       0x200
#define SWS_SPLINE        0x400

其中SWS_BICUBIC性能比较好;SWS_FAST_BILINEAR在性能和速度之间有一个比好好的平衡,

而SWS_POINT的效果比较差。

有关这些方法的评测可以参考文章:

《ffmpeg中的sws_scale算法性能测试》

简单解释一下SWS_BICUBIC、SWS_BILINEAR和SWS_POINT的原理。

SWS_POINT(Nearest-neighbor interpolation, 邻域插值)

领域插值可以简单说成“1个点确定插值的点”。例如当图像放大后,新的样点根据距离它最近的样点的值取得自己的值。换句话说就是简单拷贝附近距离它最近的样点的值。领域插值是一种最基础的插值方法,速度最快,插值效果最不好,一般情况下不推荐使用。一般情况下使用邻域插值之后,画面会产生很多的“锯齿”。下图显示了4x4=16个彩色样点经过邻域插值后形成的图形。

SWS_BILINEAR(Bilinear interpolation, 双线性插值)

双线性插值可以简单说成“4个点确定插值的点”。它的计算过程可以简单用下图表示。图中绿色的P点是需要插值的点。首先通过Q11,Q21求得R1;Q12,Q22求得R2。然后根据R1,R2求得P。

其中求值的过程是一个简单的加权计算的过程。

设定Q11 = (x1, y1),Q12 = (x1, y2),Q21 = (x2, y1),Q22 = (x2, y2)则各点的计算公式如下。

可以看出距离插值的点近一些的样点权值会大一些,远一些的样点权值要小一些。

下面看一个维基百科上的双线性插值的实例。该例子根据坐标为(20, 14), (20, 15), (21, 14),(21, 15)的4个样点计算坐标为(20.2, 14.5)的插值点的值。

SWS_BICUBIC(Bicubic interpolation, 双三次插值)

双三次插值可以简单说成“16个点确定插值的点”。该插值算法比前两种算法复杂很多,插值后图像的质量也是最好的。有关它的插值方式比较复杂不再做过多记录。它的差值方法可以简单表述为下述公式。

其中aij的过程依赖于插值数据的特性。

维基百科上使用同样的样点进行邻域插值,双线性插值,双三次插值对比如下图所示。

Nearest-neighbor interpolation,邻域插值

Bilinear interpolation,双线性插值

Bicubic interpolation,双三次插值

YUV像素取值范围

FFmpeg中可以通过使用av_opt_set()设置“src_range”和“dst_range”来设置输入和输出的YUV的取值范围。如果“dst_range”字段设置为“1”的话,则代表输出的YUV的取值范围遵循“jpeg”标准;如果“dst_range”字段设置为“0”的话,则代表输出的YUV的取值范围遵循“mpeg”标准。下面记录一下YUV的取值范围的概念。

与RGB每个像素点的每个分量取值范围为0-255不同(每个分量占8bit),YUV取值范围有两种:

(1)       以Rec.601为代表(还包括BT.709 / BT.2020)的广播电视标准中,Y的取值范围是16-235,U、V的取值范围是16-240。FFmpeg中称之为“mpeg”范围。

(2)       以JPEG为代表的标准中,Y、U、V的取值范围都是0-255。FFmpeg中称之为“jpeg” 范围。

实际中最常见的是第1种取值范围的YUV(可以自己观察一下YUV的数据,会发现其中亮度分量没有取值为0、255这样的数值)。很多人在这个地方会有疑惑,为什么会去掉“两边”的取值呢?

在广播电视系统中不传输很低和很高的数值,实际上是为了防止信号变动造成过载,因而把这“两边”的数值作为“保护带”。下面这张图是数字电视中亮度信号量化后的电平分配图。从图中可以看出,对于8bit量化来说,信号的白电平为235,对应模拟电平为700mV;黑电平为16,对应模拟电平为0mV。信号上方的“保护带”取值范围是236至254,而信号下方的“保护带”取值范围是1-15。最边缘的0和255两个电平是保护电平,是不允许出现在数据流中的。与之类似,10bit量化的时候,白电平是235*4=940,黑电平是16*4=64。

下面两张图是数字电视中色度信号量化后的电平分配图。可以看出,色度最大正电平为240,对应模拟电平为+350mV;色度最大负电平为16,对应模拟电平为-350mV。需要注意的是,色度信号数字电平128对应的模拟电平是0mV。

色域

Libswscale支持色域的转换。有关色域的转换我目前还没有做太多的研究,仅记录一下目前最常见的三个标准中的色域:BT.601,BT.709,BT.2020。这三个标准中的色域逐渐增大。

在这里先简单解释一下CIE 1931颜色空间。这个空间围绕的区域像一个“舌头”,其中包含了自然界所有的颜色。CIE 1931颜色空间中的横坐标是x,纵坐标是y,x、y、z满足如下关系:

x + y + z = 1

“舌头”的边缘叫做“舌形曲线”,代表着饱和度为100%的光谱色。“舌头”的中心点(1/3,1/3)对应着白色,饱和度为0。

受显示器件性能的限制,电视屏幕是无法重现所有的颜色的,尤其是位于“舌形曲线”上的100% 饱和度的光谱色一般情况下是无法显示出来的。因此电视屏幕只能根据其具体的荧光粉的配方,有选择性的显示一部分的颜色,这部分可以显示的颜色称为色域。下文分别比较标清电视、高清电视和超高清电视标准中规定的色域。可以看出随着技术的进步,色域的范围正变得越来越大。

标清电视(SDTV)色域的规定源自于BT.601。高清电视(HDTV)色域的规定源自于BT.709。他们两个标准中的色域在CIE 1931颜色空间中的对比如下图所示。从图中可以看出,BT.709和BT.601色域差别不大,BT.709的色域要略微大于BT.601。

超高清电视(UHDTV)色域的规定源自于BT.2020。BT.2020和BT.709的色域在CIE 1931 颜色空间中的对比如下图所示。从图中可以看出,BT.2020的色域要远远大于BT.709。

从上面的对比也可以看出,对超高清电视(UHDTV)的显示器件的性能的要求更高了。这样超高清电视可以还原出一个更“真实”的世界。

下面这张图则使用实际的例子反映出色域范围大的重要性。图中的两个黑色三角形分别标识出了BT.709(小三角形)和BT.2020(大三角形)标准中的色域。从图中可以看出,如果使用色域较小的显示设备显示图片的话,将会损失掉很多的颜色。

源代码

本示例程序包含一个输入和一个输出,实现了从输入图像格式到输出图像格式之间的转换。

/**
 * 最简单的基于FFmpeg的Swscale示例
 * Simplest FFmpeg Swscale
 *
 * 雷霄骅 Lei Xiaohua
 * leixiaohua1020@126.com
 * 中国传媒大学/数字电视技术
 * Communication University of China / Digital TV Technology
 * http://blog.youkuaiyun.com/leixiaohua1020
 *
 * 本程序使用libswscale对像素数据进行缩放转换等处理。
 * 是最简单的libswscale的教程。
 *
 * This software uses libswscale to scale / convert pixels.
 * It the simplest tutorial about libswscale.
 */
#include <stdio.h>
extern "C"
{
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  //Parameters 
  FILE *src_file =fopen("sintel_480x272_yuv420p.yuv", "rb");
  const int src_w=480,src_h=272;
  AVPixelFormat src_pixfmt=AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
  int src_bpp=av_get_bits_per_pixel(av_pix_fmt_desc_get(src_pixfmt));
  FILE *dst_file = fopen("sintel_1280x720_rgb24.rgb", "wb");
  const int dst_w=1280,dst_h=720;
  AVPixelFormat dst_pixfmt=AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24;
  int dst_bpp=av_get_bits_per_pixel(av_pix_fmt_desc_get(dst_pixfmt));
  //Structures
  uint8_t *src_data[4];
  int src_linesize[4];
  uint8_t *dst_data[4];
  int dst_linesize[4];
  int rescale_method=SWS_BICUBIC;
  struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx;
  uint8_t *temp_buffer=(uint8_t *)malloc(src_w*src_h*src_bpp/8);
  int frame_idx=0;
  int ret=0;
  ret= av_image_alloc(src_data, src_linesize,src_w, src_h, src_pixfmt, 1);
  if (ret< 0) {
     printf( "Could not allocate source image\n");
     return -1;
  }
  ret = av_image_alloc(dst_data, dst_linesize,dst_w, dst_h, dst_pixfmt, 1);
  if (ret< 0) {
     printf( "Could not allocate destination image\n");
     return -1;
  }
  //-----------------------------    
  //Init Method 1
  img_convert_ctx =sws_alloc_context();
  //Show AVOption
  av_opt_show2(img_convert_ctx,stdout,AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM,NULL);
  //Set Value
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"sws_flags",SWS_BICUBIC|SWS_PRINT_INFO,NULL);
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"srcw",src_w,NULL);
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"srch",src_h,NULL);
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"src_format",src_pixfmt,NULL);
  //'0' for MPEG (Y:0-235);'1' for JPEG (Y:0-255)
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"src_range",1,NULL);
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"dstw",dst_w,NULL);
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"dsth",dst_h,NULL);
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"dst_format",dst_pixfmt,NULL);
  av_opt_set_int(img_convert_ctx,"dst_range",1,NULL);
  sws_init_context(img_convert_ctx,NULL,NULL);
  //Init Method 2
  //img_convert_ctx = sws_getContext(src_w, src_h,src_pixfmt, dst_w, dst_h, dst_pixfmt,
  //      rescale_method, NULL, NULL, NULL);
  //-----------------------------
  /*
  //Colorspace
  ret=sws_setColorspaceDetails(img_convert_ctx,sws_getCoefficients(SWS_CS_ITU601),0,
     sws_getCoefficients(SWS_CS_ITU709),0,
      0, 1 << 16, 1 << 16);
  if (ret==-1) {
     printf( "Colorspace not support.\n");
     return -1;
  }
  */
  while(1)
  {
     if (fread(temp_buffer, 1, src_w*src_h*src_bpp/8, src_file) != src_w*src_h*src_bpp/8){
       break;
     }
     switch(src_pixfmt){
     case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8:{
       memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h);
       break;
                  }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:{
       memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h);		  //Y
       memcpy(src_data[1],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h,src_w*src_h/4);      //U
       memcpy(src_data[2],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h*5/4,src_w*src_h/4);  //V
       break;
                   }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P:{
       memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h);		  //Y
       memcpy(src_data[1],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h,src_w*src_h/2);      //U
       memcpy(src_data[2],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h*3/2,src_w*src_h/2);  //V
       break;
                   }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P:{
       memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h);		  //Y
       memcpy(src_data[1],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h,src_w*src_h);        //U
       memcpy(src_data[2],temp_buffer+src_w*src_h*2,src_w*src_h);      //V
       break;
                   }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:{
       memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h*2);		//Packed
       break;
                   }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:{
       memcpy(src_data[0],temp_buffer,src_w*src_h*3);		//Packed
       break;
                   }
     default:{
       printf("Not Support Input Pixel Format.\n");
       break;
                  }
     }
     sws_scale(img_convert_ctx, src_data, src_linesize, 0, src_h, dst_data, dst_linesize);
     printf("Finish process frame %5d\n",frame_idx);
     frame_idx++;
     switch(dst_pixfmt){
     case AV_PIX_FMT_GRAY8:{
       fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file); 
       break;
                  }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P:{
       fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);	        //Y
       fwrite(dst_data[1],1,dst_w*dst_h/4,dst_file);	      //U
       fwrite(dst_data[2],1,dst_w*dst_h/4,dst_file);	      //V
       break;
                   }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV422P:{
       fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);				   //Y
       fwrite(dst_data[1],1,dst_w*dst_h/2,dst_file);			        //U
       fwrite(dst_data[2],1,dst_w*dst_h/2,dst_file);			        //V
       break;
                   }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUV444P:{
       fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);	        //Y
       fwrite(dst_data[1],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);	        //U
       fwrite(dst_data[2],1,dst_w*dst_h,dst_file);	        //V
       break;
                   }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_YUYV422:{
       fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h*2,dst_file);	      //Packed
       break;
                   }
     case AV_PIX_FMT_RGB24:{
       fwrite(dst_data[0],1,dst_w*dst_h*3,dst_file);	      //Packed
       break;
                  }
     default:{
       printf("Not Support Output Pixel Format.\n");
       break;
                }
     }
  }
  sws_freeContext(img_convert_ctx);
  free(temp_buffer);
  fclose(dst_file);
  av_freep(&src_data[0]);
  av_freep(&dst_data[0]);
  return 0;
}

运行结果

程序的输入为一个名称为“sintel_480x272_yuv420p.yuv”的视频。该视频像素格式是YUV420P,分辨率为480x272。

程序的输出为一个名称为“sintel_1280x720_rgb24.rgb”的视频。该视频像素格式是RGB24,分辨率为1280x720。

下载

Simplest FFmpeg Swscale

SourceForge项目主页:https://sourceforge.net/projects/simplestffmpegswscale/

CDSN下载地址: http://download.youkuaiyun.com/detail/leixiaohua1020/8292175

本教程是最简单的基于FFmpeg的libswscale进行像素处理的教程。它包含了两个工程:

simplest_ffmpeg_swscale: 最简单的libswscale的教程。

simplest_pic_gen: 生成各种测试图片的工具。



http://www.tuicool.com/articles/UzIBbai

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