程序运行时权限申请及targetSdkVersion的区别

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原创最新推荐文章于 2026-08-30 14:25:53 发布 3.8k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Android面试：compileSdkVersion、targetSdkVersion、minSdkVersion作用与区别作用 Android Studio 新建一个工程后，build.gradle里会有compileSdkVerson、targetSdkVersion、minSdkVersion这几个字段，这些配置有啥意义呢？ compileSdkVersion: 和编译时有关。比如我们当前compileSdkVersion=28（Andorid 9.0），Android 10 新增了有关5G的api。我们的app想尽早使用5G相关的api，这时只需要将compileSdkVersion=29（Android. 阅读详情

为什么要在说权限申请的时候，说targetSdkVersion呢！其实是有原因的，因为目标版本的值的修改，对权限的申请检查是有很大的影响！
例如当targetSdkVersion版本小于23（6.0）的时候，其在编译的时候，不会对权限申请去进行判断，只有在运行过程中才会知道。
当targetSdkVersion大于等于23的时候，就会在编译时候检查代码是否有申请权限的判断。也就会有如下提示：

Call requires permission which may be rejected by user: code should explicitly check to see if permission is available (with `checkPermission`) or explicitly handle a potential `SecurityException

消除这个错误，可以降低targetSdkVersion版本号（<23）或者在具体操作前在进行一次对权限申请的判断即可。（以下代码会有说明）。

说完了targetSdkVersion后，再来说权限申请过程。
权限分为普通权限和危险权限。普通权限在AndroidMainfest中直接申请。
其中所有的普通权限如下：

ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS
ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE
ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY
ACCESS_WIFI_STATE
BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH_ADMIN
BROADCAST_STICKY
CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE
CHANGE_WIFI_STATE
DISABLE_KEYGUARD
EXPAND_STATUS_BAR
GET_PACKAGE_SIZE
INSTALL_SHORTCUT
INTERNET
KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES
MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS
NFC
READ_SYNC_SETTINGS
READ_SYNC_STATS
RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED
REORDER_TASKS
REQUEST_IGNORE_BATTERY_OPTIMIZATIONS
REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES
SET_ALARM
SET_TIME_ZONE
SET_WALLPAPER
SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS
TRANSMIT_IR
UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT
USE_FINGERPRINT
VIBRATE
WAKE_LOCK
WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

所有的危险权限：
危险权限需要在使用的时候，才去申请该权限。用户同意就开启，不同意就不能使用该功能！其中运行时权限如下所示：(运行时权限,使用到如下权限，必须进行判断是否有申请权限–分大类)
1.Calendar
2.Camera
3.Contacts
4.Location
5.MICROPhone
6.Phone
7.Sms
8.Sensors
9.Storage
具体细小的分类如下：
这里写图片描述

简单的一个打电话申请权限事例，targetSdkVersion版本在23

        /**
         * 拨打电话
         */
        mCreateDB.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                /**
                 * 如果没有权限，判断不相等，就去申请权限
                 * Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE 表示打电话需要申请的权限
                 * 1，表示申请的标示嘛
                 */
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,
                        Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                            new String[]{Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE}, 1);
                } else {
                    //有权限，直接呼出去
                    Call();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private void Call() {
        try {
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel:10000"));
            /**
             * targetSdkVersion在23时，在具体操作前，会进一步判断是否是否有申请权限
             * 避免程序崩溃，
             */
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // TODO: Consider calling
                //    ActivityCompat#requestPermissions
                // here to request the missing permissions, and then overriding
                //   public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions,
                //                                          int[] grantResults)
                // to handle the case where the user grants the permission. See the documentation
                // for ActivityCompat#requestPermissions for more details.
                return;
            }
            startActivity(intent);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //用户同意或者拒绝（动作）后的回调
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                //授权的结果会封装在gransResults中
                if(grantResults.length >0 && grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    Call();
                }else {
                    Toast.makeText(this,"您应该同意该权限",Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

以上：在用户同意该权限后，下次进来就不需要在申请权限了，如果拒绝该权限后，如果再次想使用该功能，则又会让用户去申请！

如果有多个权限需要用户去申请，我们可以不必一个一个去申请，学习一下向下面的写法：

 //进行运行时权限处理，定义权限集合
        List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
        //读取手机联系人，需要权限,并添加到权限集合中
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS);
        }
        //地理位置权限
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION);
        }
        //申请权限
        if (!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
            //将集合转化成数组
            String[] permissions = permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]);
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissions, 1);
        } else {
            //说明授权了
            readContactData();
        }

 //多个权限响应
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1:
               if(grantResults.length > 0) {
                    //拒绝权限集合
                    List<String> refusePermissions = new ArrayList<>();
                    for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
                        int grantResult = grantResults[i];
                        String permission = permissions[i];
                        if(grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                            refusePermissions.add(permission);
                        }
                    }

                    if(refusePermissions.isEmpty()) {
                        //说明都授权了
                           readContactData();
                    }else {
                        //未授权
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
        }
    }

再高版本的基础库中例如26版本中，是需要实现ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback接口，才能有所回调响应
如下图：

public class PermissionContact implements ActivityCompat.OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback{
    private static PermissionContact mPermissionContact;
    private Activity mActivity;
    public  static PermissionContact getInstance() {
        if (mPermissionContact == null) {
            mPermissionContact = new PermissionContact();
        }
        return mPermissionContact;
    }
    public void ApplyPermission(Activity activity) {
        mActivity = activity;
        List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission_group.STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission_group.STORAGE);
        }
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS);
        }
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE);
        }
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
        }
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        }
        if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS);
        }

        if(!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
            String[] permissions = permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]);
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,permissions,1);
        }else {
            // 说明都授权了

        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case 1 :
                if(grantResults.length > 0) {
                    //拒绝权限集合
                    List<String> refusePermissions = new ArrayList<>();
                    for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
                        int grantResult = grantResults[i];
                        String permission = permissions[i];
                        if(grantResult != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                            refusePermissions.add(permission);
                        }
                    }

                    if(refusePermissions.isEmpty()) {
                        //说明都授权了
                    }else {
                        //未授权
                            Toast.makeText(mActivity,"拒绝权限",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

                    }
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}

所以，还是要注意不同版本的区别

或者直接用开源库 Easy Permissions处理权限或者 Permissions DisPatcher处理
以上：

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