copy constructor,destructor 和copy assignment operator

本文详细介绍了C++中类的拷贝构造函数、拷贝赋值函数及析构函数的实现与使用方法,包括动态内存管理与智能指针的应用。

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转自:http://patmusing.blog.163.com/blog/static/1358349602009113061024796/

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Point
{
public:
         int _x;
         int _y;
 
public:
         Point();
         Point(int, int);
};
 
Point::Point()
{
         _x = 0;
         _y = 0;
}
 
Point::Point(int x, int y)
{
         _x = x;
         _y = y;
}
 
class CA
{
public:
         Point* _point;
 
public:
         CA(const Point*);
         void setPointValues(int, int);
         void printCoordinates();
 
         // 需要增加的拷贝构造函数
         CA(const CA&);
         // 需要增加的析构函数
         virtual ~CA();
         // 需要增加的拷贝赋值函数
         CA& operator = (const CA&);
};
 
CA::CA(const Point* point)
{
         _point = new Point();                   // 发生了动态内存分配!因此不能缺少析构函数。
         _point->_x = point->_x;
         _point->_y = point->_y;
}
 
// 需要增加的拷贝构造函数的实现
CA::CA(const CA& ca)
{
         _point = new Point();
         _point->_x = (ca._point)->_x;
         _point->_y = (ca._point)->_y;
}
 
// 需要增加的析构函数的实现
CA::~CA()
{
         if(!_point) delete _point;
}
 
// 需要增加的拷贝赋值函数的实现
CA& CA::operator = (const CA& ca)
{
         _point = new Point();
         _point->_x = (ca._point)->_x;
         _point->_y = (ca._point)->_y;
 
         return *this;
}
 
void CA::setPointValues(int x, int y)
{
         _point->_x = x;
         _point->_y = y;
}
 
void CA::printCoordinates()
{
         cout << "Coordinates = (" << _point->_x << ", " << _point->_y << ")" << endl;
}
 
int main(void)
{
         Point apoint(1, 2);
         CA ca(&apoint);
         ca.printCoordinates();
 
         CA cb(ca);                                               // 调用拷贝构造函数
         cb.printCoordinates();
 
         cb.setPointValues(12, 12);
         cb.printCoordinates();
         ca.printCoordinates();
 
         CA cc = cb;                                              // 调用拷贝赋值函数
         cc.printCoordinates();
         cc.setPointValues(13, 13);
        
         ca.printCoordinates();
         cb.printCoordinates();
         cc.printCoordinates();
 
         return 0;
}

C++ defines a class DateV3 with the following: private member variables: int year, month, day; Has three constructors and one destructor as follows: The first constructor takes three parameters, int y, int m, int n; The second is the copy constructor that takes a DateV3 object as the parameter; The third is the default constructor that takes no parameter; The destructor takes no parameter. (3) Has overloaded operators: int operator-(DateV3 & oneDate); // return difference in days between the calling object and oneDate DateV3 operator+(int inc); // return a Date object that is inc days later than the calling object DateV3 operator-(int dec); // return a Date object that is dec days earlier than the calling object DateV3 operator++(); // overload the prefix ++ operator DateV3 operator++(int); // overload the postfix ++ operator friend ostream& operator<< (ostream& outputStream, DateV3& theDate); // overload the << operator Test class DateV3 in the main function as follows: Declare and initialize an object to represent today, which should be the date that you work on this assignment.Declare and initialize an object to represent your OWN birthday.Express John’s birthday given John is 5 days older than yours. Create Tom’s birthday by using the copy constructor, assuming Tom has the same birthday as you. Display how many days have passed since your birth, John’s birth, and Tom’s birth, respectively. Create an DateV3 object, someday, by cloning Tom’s birthday. Increment someday by the prefix operator ++ once, and by postfix operator ++ once.Display someday, today, your birthday, John’s birthday, and Tom’s birthday. Declare a DateV3 object to represent 28 February 2024, display it, apply the prefix ++ operator on it, display it again, and apply the postfix ++ operator on it and display it again.
06-12
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