nginx升级以及location区段

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-09 20:41:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-05-09 20:41:28 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/weixin_47726353/article/details/107920235

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平滑升级
1、nginx -V
2、重新编译加上新功能
3、编译
4、先备份现有的程序
5、在objs目录下将nginx程序拷贝到现有的程序目录

下载nginx echo模块
[root@localhost ~]# ls
！  anaconda-ks.cfg  nginx-1.18.0  nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz  v0.61.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf v0.61.tar.gz 
[root@localhost ~]# ls
！  anaconda-ks.cfg  echo-nginx-module-0.61  nginx-1.18.0  nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz  v0.61.tar.gz

升级nginx
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.18.0
[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--add-module=../echo-nginx-module-0.61/    //要先进入模块的目录

[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# make   //直接make就好了

备份编译文件以防发生错误
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /opt/

用编译好的文件把原来的覆盖
cp: 无法创建普通文件"/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx": 文本文件忙
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s stop;cp /root/nginx-1.18.0/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
cp：是否覆盖"/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"？ y

查看
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-debug --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_image_filter_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --add-module=../echo-nginx-module-0.61/

location区段，通过指定模式来与客户端请求的URI相匹配

//功能：允许根据用户请求的URI来匹配定义的各location，匹配到时，此请求将被相应的location配置块中的配置所处理，例如做访问控制等功能

//语法：location [ 修饰符 ] pattern {......}

常用修饰符说明

修饰符	功能
=	精确匹配
~	正则表达式模式匹配，区分大小写
~*	正则表达式模式匹配，不区分大小写
^~	前缀匹配，类似于无修饰符的行为，也是以指定模块开始，不同的是，如果模式匹配，那么就停止搜索其他模式了，不支持正则表达式
@	定义命名location区段，这些区段客户端不能访问，只可以由内部产生的请求来访问，如try_files或error_page等

 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[root@localhost nginx]# ls
client_body_temp  conf  fastcgi_temp  html  logs  proxy_temp  sbin  scgi_temp  uwsgi_temp
[root@localhost nginx]# cd html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
50x.html  index.html
[root@localhost html]# mkdir zabbix
[root@localhost html]# ls
50x.html  index.html  zabbix
[root@localhost html]# cd zabbix/
[root@localhost zabbix]# echo 'zabbix' >index.html
[root@localhost zabbix]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
找到location，加入zabbix
 location / {
            root   html/zabbix;        //在HTML后面加zabbix，让它直接访问到zabbix
            index  index.html index.htm;
此时会报错
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
nginx: [error] invalid PID number "" in "/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
解决方法
[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
[root@localhost nginx]# cd conf/
[root@localhost conf]# ls
fastcgi.conf            koi-utf             nginx.conf           uwsgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default    koi-win             nginx.conf.default   uwsgi_params.default
fastcgi_params          mime.types          scgi_params          win-utf
fastcgi_params.default  mime.types.default  scgi_params.default
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload

页面访问
在这里插入图片描述

[root@localhost html]# mkdir /opt/myweb
[root@localhost html]# cd /opt/myweb/
[root@localhost myweb]# ls
[root@localhost myweb]# echo 'yangcan' >index.html
[root@localhost myweb]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost myweb]# mkdir zabbix
[root@localhost myweb]# mv index.html zabbix/
[root@localhost myweb]# pwd
/opt/myweb
[root@localhost myweb]# cd zabbix/
[root@localhost zabbix]# pwd
/opt/myweb/zabbix
[root@localhost zabbix]# ls
index.html
[root@localhost zabbix]# cat index.html
yangcan
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        
        location /zabbix {           //添加内容
            root /opt/myweb;          //添加内容  
            index index.html;             //添加内容
        }              //添加内容
        
        location / {
            root   html/zabbix;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

页面访问（用root是找 /opt/myweb/下的zabbix下的index.html）
在这里插入图片描述
用alias path指定地址

[root@localhost myweb]# ls
zabbix
[root@localhost myweb]# echo 'ycan' >index.html
[root@localhost myweb]# ls
index.html  zabbix
[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
        location /zabbix {                 //添加内容
            alias /opt/myweb;           //root修改为alias
            index index.html;          //添加内容
        }                                      //添加内容

        location / {
            root   html/zabbix;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

页面访问（使用alias是直接去找/opt/myweb/下面的index.html)
在这里插入图片描述
颠倒位置

[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload

location / {
            root   html/zabbix;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        location /zabbix {
            alias /opt/myweb;
            index index.html;
        }

页面访问
在这里插入图片描述
没有修饰符表示必须以指定模式开始，如：

[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
     #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

         location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /abc {          //添加内容
            echo "abc test";                        //添加内容
        }                      //添加内容

本机测试

可以匹配到
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc
abc test
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc/
abc test
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc/jjyy
abc test

继续修改

[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
         location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location ^/abc$ {     //修改内容
            echo "abc test";
        }

本机测试

匹配不到
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc/jjyy
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.18.0</center>
</body>
</html>

C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc/
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.18.0</center>
</body>
</html>

加等于号

[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

         location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /abc/ {
            echo "abc test";
        }

        location = /abc {     //加上等于号
            echo "abc =test";    //加上等于号
        }

本机查看测试结果

可以匹配到
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc
abc =test
以下匹配不到
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc/
abc test
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc/jjyy
abc test

~：表示指定的正则表达式要区分大小写，如：

[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
 #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

         location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /abc/ {
            echo "abc test";
        }

        location = /abc {
            echo "abc =test";
        }
        location  ~ ^/abc$ {                      //加~号
            echo "区分大小写的正则表达式";
        }

本机测试(=号比~优先级高

可以匹配
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc
abc =test
匹配不到
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc/
abc test

交换位置测试

[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

         location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /abc/ {
            echo "abc test";
        }
        location ~ ^/abc$ {
            echo "区分大小写的正则表达式";
        }
        location = /abc {
            echo "abc =test";
        }

本机测试（确实证明=号比~优先级高）

C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc
abc =test

去掉=号继续测试

[root@localhost conf]# vim nginx.conf
[root@localhost conf]# nginx -s reload
         location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        location /abc/ {
            echo "abc test";
        }
        location ~ ^/abc$ {
            echo "区分大小写的正则表达式";
        }
#        location = /abc {                           用#好注释
#            echo "abc =test";
#        }

本机测试
可以匹配
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc
区分大小写的正则表达式
匹配不到
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abc/
abc test
C:\Users\Administrator>curl http://192.168.175.100/abcde
<html>
<head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.18.0</center>
</body>
</html>

~：类似于无修饰符的行为，也是以指定模式开始，不同的是，如果模式匹配，则停止搜索其他模式

查找顺序和优先级：由高到底依次为

带有=的精确匹配优先
正则表达式按照他们在配置文件中定义的顺序
带有^~修饰符的，开头匹配
带有_或*修饰符的，如果正则表达式与URI匹配
没有修饰符的精确匹配
优先级次序如下：

( location = 路径 ) --> ( location ^~ 路径 ) --> ( location ~ 正则 ) --> ( location ~* 正则 ) --> ( location 路径 )