两种画地图底图的方式（含下载资源）

方式一

这个需要配置GIS数据信息，文件见末尾下载链接。

def create_map(title, extent):
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8), dpi=400)
    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    ax.imshow(
        imread('./data/NE1_50M_SR_W.tif'),
        origin='upper',
        transform=ccrs.PlateCarree(),
        extent=[-180, 180, -90, 90]
    )
    ax.set_extent(extent,crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())

    gl = ax.gridlines(draw_labels=False, linewidth=1, color='k', alpha=0.5, linestyle='--')
    gl.top_labels = gl.right_labels = False
    ax.set_xticks(np.arange(extent[0], extent[1]+5, 5))
    ax.set_yticks(np.arange(extent[2], extent[3]+5, 5))
    ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(LongitudeFormatter())
    ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1))
    ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(LatitudeFormatter())
    ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1))
    ax.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=10, direction='out')

    province = shpreader.Reader('./data/Province_9.shp')
    ax.add_geometries(province.geometries(), crs=ccrs.PlateCarree(), linewidths=0.1,edgecolor='k',facecolor='none')

    a = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FFFF00',marker='o',markersize=7, label='D',ls='')
    b = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#6495ED', marker='o',markersize=7, label='DD',ls='')
    c = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#3CB371', marker='o',markersize=7, label='CS',ls='')
    d = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FFA500', marker='o',markersize=7, label='SCS',ls='')
    e = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FF00FF', marker='o',markersize=7, label='VSCS',ls='')
    f = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#DC143C', marker='o',markersize=7, label='SuperCS',ls='')
    ax.legend(handles=[a,b,c,d,e,f], numpoints=1, handletextpad=0, loc='upper left', shadow=True)
    plt.title(f'{title} Typhoon Track', fontsize=15)
    return ax

方式二

def create_map(title, extent):
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
    ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1, projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    url = 'http://map1c.vis.earthdata.nasa.gov/wmts-geo/wmts.cgi'
    layer = 'BlueMarble_ShadedRelief'
    ax.add_wmts(url, layer)
    ax.set_extent(extent,crs=ccrs.PlateCarree())

    gl = ax.gridlines(draw_labels=False, linewidth=1, color='k', alpha=0.5, linestyle='--')
    gl.xlabels_top = gl.ylabels_right = False
    ax.set_xticks(np.arange(extent[0], extent[1]+5, 5))
    ax.set_yticks(np.arange(extent[2], extent[3]+5, 5))
    ax.xaxis.set_major_formatter(LongitudeFormatter())
    ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1))
    ax.yaxis.set_major_formatter(LatitudeFormatter())
    ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1))
    ax.tick_params(axis='both', labelsize=10, direction='out')

    a = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FFFF00',marker='o',markersize=7, label='TD',ls='')
    b = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#6495ED', marker='o',markersize=7, label='TS',ls='')
    c = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#3CB371', marker='o',markersize=7, label='STS',ls='')
    d = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FFA500', marker='o',markersize=7, label='TY',ls='')
    e = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#FF00FF', marker='o',markersize=7, label='STY',ls='')
    f = mlines.Line2D([],[],color='#DC143C', marker='o',markersize=7, label='SSTY',ls='')
    ax.legend(handles=[a,b,c,d,e,f], numpoints=1, handletextpad=0, loc='upper left', shadow=True)
    plt.title(f'{title} Typhoon Track', fontsize=15)
    return ax