小白都能懂的 玩转docker系列之 具名挂载和匿名挂载（超详细）

匿名挂载：

-v 容器内路径
docker run -d -P --name nginx01-v /etc/nginx nginx

#测试
[root@xiaoxiao ~]# docker run -d -P --name nginx02 -v /etc/nginx nginx
958455f878b0a74737fe578f71bcca2962935270e6cdc49776923e568759cbda
#通过volume查看本地所有的镜像，这些是匿名卷
[root@xiaoxiao ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               e56b5b6dd0f8842c8c8c8dff78504deced6e4cbc33d00ac24f33c3907ab614fb
#上面就是匿名挂载，-v只写了容器内的路径，没有写容器外的路径

#具名挂载测试
[root@xiaoxiao home]# docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
caa966f3e0720900f64682bcf26d989ae99f6fa79f5a386bd78ac233c8cdb537
[root@xiaoxiao home]# docker volume ls
DRIVER              VOLUME NAME
local               e56b5b6dd0f8842c8c8c8dff78504deced6e4cbc33d00ac24f33c3907ab614fb
local               juming-nginx

#通过-v 卷名：容器内路径

[root@xiaoxiao home]# docker volume inspect juming-nginx
[
    {
        "CreatedAt": "2020-09-09T07:52:32+08:00",
        "Driver": "local",
        "Labels": null,
        "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming-nginx/_data",
        "Name": "juming-nginx",
        "Options": null,
        "Scope": "local"
    }
]
#所有docker容器内的卷，没有指定目录的情况下，都是在/var/lib/docker/volumes/***/_data 目录下

#测试
[root@xiaoxiao home]# cd /var/lib/docker/
[root@xiaoxiao docker]# ll
total 56
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Aug 23 00:12 builder
drwx--x--x  4 root root  4096 Aug 23 00:12 buildkit
drwx------ 14 root root  4096 Sep  9 07:52 containers
drwx------  3 root root  4096 Aug 23 00:12 image
drwxr-x---  3 root root  4096 Aug 23 00:12 network
drwx------ 66 root root 12288 Sep  9 07:52 overlay2
drwx------  4 root root  4096 Aug 23 00:12 plugins
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Aug 23 20:15 runtimes
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Aug 23 00:12 swarm
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Sep  8 09:03 tmp
drwx------  2 root root  4096 Aug 23 00:12 trust
drwx------  4 root root  4096 Sep  9 07:52 volumes
[root@xiaoxiao docker]# cd volumes/
[root@xiaoxiao volumes]# ls
e56b5b6dd0f8842c8c8c8dff78504deced6e4cbc33d00ac24f33c3907ab614fb  juming-nginx  metadata.db
[root@xiaoxiao volumes]# ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  4096 Sep  9 07:46 e56b5b6dd0f8842c8c8c8dff78504deced6e4cbc33d00ac24f33c3907ab614fb
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root  4096 Sep  9 07:52 juming-nginx
-rw------- 1 root root 32768 Sep  9 07:52 metadata.db
[root@xiaoxiao volumes]# cd juming-nginx/
[root@xiaoxiao juming-nginx]# ls
_data
[root@xiaoxiao juming-nginx]# cd _data/
[root@xiaoxiao _data]# ll
total 40
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep  9 07:52 conf.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Aug 11 22:50 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Aug 11 22:50 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Aug 11 22:50 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Aug 11 22:50 mime.types
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   22 Aug 11 22:50 modules -> /usr/lib/nginx/modules
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  643 Aug 11 22:50 nginx.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  636 Aug 11 22:50 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  664 Aug 11 22:50 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Aug 11 22:50 win-utf
[root@xiaoxiao _data]# cat nginx.conf 

user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

#通过具名挂载方式可以方便找到我们的一个卷，大多情况下使用具名挂载

#区分具名还是匿名挂载，还是指定了路径挂载
-v 容器内路径				#匿名挂载
-v 卷名：容器内路径			#具名挂载
-v /宿主机路径：容器内路径	#指定路径挂载

#拓展
#通过-v 容器内路径，ro, rw改变读写权限
ro  readonly	#只读
rw	readwrite	#可读可写

#一旦设定了容器权限，容器对挂载出来的内容就有限定了
docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:ro nginx
docker run -d -P --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx:rw nginx
#默认是rw，ro说明这个路径只能通过宿主机操作，容器内部无法操作